基于IGCT的高压大容量模块化多电平变换器
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摘要
模块化多电平变换器(modularmultilevelconverter,MMC)的多电平调制大幅降低了功率器件开关频率,为集成门极换流晶闸管(integrated gate commutated thyristor,IGCT)的应用带来了契机。该文探讨基于IGCT的高压大容量MMC,尤其是对其拓扑结构、通态和开关行为进行详细分析。在此基础上,对IGCT-MMC的损耗特性进行系统性的分析。文中搭建IGCT-MMC的实验平台,对IGCT-MMC子模块的大电流关断和大功率运行状态进行系统性的测试,验证IGCT-MMC方案的正确性和有效性。该文的研究对推动IGCT在柔性高压直流输电的应用,实现更高电压、更大功率、更高效率和可靠性的柔性直流输电系统具有一定参考价值。
Multilevel modulation operation of modular multilevel converter(MMC) reduces switching frequency of power switches greatly, which brings opportunities for application of integrated gate commutated thyristor(IGCT). This paper discussed high-voltage and high-power MMC scheme based on IGCT, and made a detailed analysis on topology, conduction and switching behaviors. Based on this, the performance of power loss of IGCT-MMC was analyzed comprehensively. At last, an experimental platform of IGCT-MMC was built, experimental research of large current switching-off and high power operation was conducted, and the results verified the correctness and effectiveness of IGCT-MMC. The research of the paper has practical significance and scientific value to promote IGCT for application in flexible high voltage direct current transmission(HVDC) and to achieve higher voltage, higher power, higher efficiency and higher reliability of flexible HVDC.
Multilevel modulation operation of modular multilevel converter(MMC) reduces switching frequency of power switches greatly, which brings opportunities for application of integrated gate commutated thyristor(IGCT). This paper discussed high-voltage and high-power MMC scheme based on IGCT, and made a detailed analysis on topology, conduction and switching behaviors. Based on this, the performance of power loss of IGCT-MMC was analyzed comprehensively. At last, an experimental platform of IGCT-MMC was built, experimental research of large current switching-off and high power operation was conducted, and the results verified the correctness and effectiveness of IGCT-MMC. The research of the paper has practical significance and scientific value to promote IGCT for application in flexible high voltage direct current transmission(HVDC) and to achieve higher voltage, higher power, higher efficiency and higher reliability of flexible HVDC.
引文
[1]Marquardt R.Modular Multilevel Converter:An universal concept for HVDC-Networks and extended DC-Busapplications[C]//Proceedings of the 2010 International Power Electronics Conference.Sapporo,Japan:IEEE,2010:502-507.
[2]Knaak H J.Modular multilevel converters and HVDC/FACTS:A success story[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.Birmingham,UK:IEEE,2011:1-6.
[3]徐政,陈海荣.电压源换流器型直流输电技术综述[J].高电压技术,2007,33(1):1-10.Xu Zheng,Chen Hairong.Review and application of VSCHVDC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(1):1-10(in Chinese).
[4]乔卫东,毛颖科.上海柔性直流输电示范工程综述[J].华东电力,2011,39(7):1137-1140.Qiao Weidong,Mao Yingke.Overview of Shanghai flexible HVDC transmission demonstration project[J].East China Electric Power,2011,39(7):1137-1140(in Chinese).
[5]邓明锋,王康,郭晓君,等.厦门±320k V柔性直流输电示范工程关键技术[J].电力与能源,2016,37(3):269-273.Deng Mingfeng,Wang Kang,Guo Xiaojun,et al.Key technology for Xiamen±320kV flexible HVDCtransmission demonstration project[J].Power and Energy,2016,37(3):269-273(in Chinese).
[6]贺之渊,赵岩,汤广福.±320 k V/1000 MW柔性直流输电核心技术研发及应用[J].智能电网,2016,4(2):124-132.He Zhiyuan,Zhao Yan,Tang Guangfu.Key technology research and application of the±320 kV/1000 MWVSC-HVDC[J].Smart Grid,2016,4(2):124-132(in Chinese).
[7]舒印彪,刘泽洪,高理迎,等.±800k V 6400MW特高压直流输电工程设计[J].电网技术,2006,30(1):1-8.Shu Yinbiao,Liu Zehong,Gao Liying,et al.A preliminary exploration for design of±800k V UHVDC project with transmission capacity of 6400MW[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(1):1-8(in Chinese).
[8]Stiasny T,Kappatos V,Setz T,等.IGCT-更高功率处理能力的正确选择[J].大功率变流技术,2015(6):1-7,24.Stiasny T,Kappatos V,Setz T,et al.Where higher power handling capability is required-IGCT is the right choice[J].High Power Converter Technology,2015(6):1-7,24(in Chinese).
[9]张明,陈芳林,李继鲁,等.国内IGCT器件的新进展[J].大功率变流技术,2008(6):1-5,16.Zhang Ming,Chen Fanglin,Li Jilu,et al.Recent progress of domestic IGCT device[J].High Power Converter Technology,2008(6):1-5,16(in Chinese).
[10]Steimer P K,Gruning H E,Werninger J,et al.IGCT-a new emerging technology for high power,low cost inverters[J].IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,1999,5(4):12-18.
[11]Filsecker F,Alvarez R,Bernet S.Comparison of 4.5-kVpress-pack IGBTs and IGCTs for medium-voltage converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(2):440-449.
[12]陈政宇,余占清,吕纲,等.基于IGCT串联的10kV直流混合断路器研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(2):317-326.Chen Zhengyu,Yu Zhanqing,LüGang,et al.Researches on 10 kV DC hybrid circuit breaker based on IGCTseries[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(2):317-326(in Chinese).
[13]刘文华,宋强,张东江,等.50MVA静止同步补偿器链节的等价试验[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(12):73-78.Liu Wenhua,Song Qiang,Zhang Dongjiang,et al.Equivalent tests of links of 50 MVA STATCOM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(12):73-78(in Chinese).
[14]李国栋,毛承雄,陆继明,等.基于IGCT串联的三电平高压变频器直流环节研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(1):82-87.Li Guodong,Mao Chengxiong,Lu Jiming,et al.Discussion on the DC-link of 6k V NPC three-level medium voltage drives based on IGCTs’series connection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(1):82-87(in Chinese).
[15]Meyer J M,Rufer A.A DC hybrid circuit breaker with ultra-fast contact opening and integrated gate-commutated thyristors(IGCTs)[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(2):646-651.
[16]Steimer P,Apeldoorn O,Carroll E.IGCT devicesapplications and future opportunities[C]//Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting.Seattle,WA,USA:IEEE,2000:1223-1228.
[17]Buschendorf M,Weber J,Bernet S.Comparison of IGCTand IGBT for the use in the modular multilevel converter for HVDC applications[C]//International MultiConference on Systems,Signals&Devices.Chemnitz,Germany:IEEE,2012:1-6.
[18]Ladoux P,Serbia N,Carroll E I.On the potential of IGCTs in HVDC[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2015,3(3):780-793.
[19]David W,Michail V,Cosmin B,et al.IGCT based modular multilevel converter for an AC-AC rail power supply[C]//International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics,Intelligent Motion,Renewable Energy and Energy Management.Nürnberg,Deutschland,2017:1-8.
[20]曾嵘,赵彪,余占清,宋强,等.IGCT在直流电网中的应用展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(15):4307-4317.Zeng Rong,Zhao Biao,Yu Zhanqing,et al.Development and prospect of IGCT power device in DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(15):4307-4317(in Chinese).
[21]Zeng Rong,Xu Lie,Yao Liangzhong,et al.Design and operation of a hybrid modular multilevel converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(3):1137-1146.
[22]Xu Jianzhong,Zhao Penghao,Zhao Chengyong.Reliability analysis and redundancy configuration of MMCwith hybrid submodule topologies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(4):2720-2729.
[23]Hidalgo S A.Characterisation of 3.3k V IGCTs for medium power applications[D].Ladoux,Philippe:Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique et d'Electronique Industrielle,2005.
[2]Knaak H J.Modular multilevel converters and HVDC/FACTS:A success story[C]//Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications.Birmingham,UK:IEEE,2011:1-6.
[3]徐政,陈海荣.电压源换流器型直流输电技术综述[J].高电压技术,2007,33(1):1-10.Xu Zheng,Chen Hairong.Review and application of VSCHVDC[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(1):1-10(in Chinese).
[4]乔卫东,毛颖科.上海柔性直流输电示范工程综述[J].华东电力,2011,39(7):1137-1140.Qiao Weidong,Mao Yingke.Overview of Shanghai flexible HVDC transmission demonstration project[J].East China Electric Power,2011,39(7):1137-1140(in Chinese).
[5]邓明锋,王康,郭晓君,等.厦门±320k V柔性直流输电示范工程关键技术[J].电力与能源,2016,37(3):269-273.Deng Mingfeng,Wang Kang,Guo Xiaojun,et al.Key technology for Xiamen±320kV flexible HVDCtransmission demonstration project[J].Power and Energy,2016,37(3):269-273(in Chinese).
[6]贺之渊,赵岩,汤广福.±320 k V/1000 MW柔性直流输电核心技术研发及应用[J].智能电网,2016,4(2):124-132.He Zhiyuan,Zhao Yan,Tang Guangfu.Key technology research and application of the±320 kV/1000 MWVSC-HVDC[J].Smart Grid,2016,4(2):124-132(in Chinese).
[7]舒印彪,刘泽洪,高理迎,等.±800k V 6400MW特高压直流输电工程设计[J].电网技术,2006,30(1):1-8.Shu Yinbiao,Liu Zehong,Gao Liying,et al.A preliminary exploration for design of±800k V UHVDC project with transmission capacity of 6400MW[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(1):1-8(in Chinese).
[8]Stiasny T,Kappatos V,Setz T,等.IGCT-更高功率处理能力的正确选择[J].大功率变流技术,2015(6):1-7,24.Stiasny T,Kappatos V,Setz T,et al.Where higher power handling capability is required-IGCT is the right choice[J].High Power Converter Technology,2015(6):1-7,24(in Chinese).
[9]张明,陈芳林,李继鲁,等.国内IGCT器件的新进展[J].大功率变流技术,2008(6):1-5,16.Zhang Ming,Chen Fanglin,Li Jilu,et al.Recent progress of domestic IGCT device[J].High Power Converter Technology,2008(6):1-5,16(in Chinese).
[10]Steimer P K,Gruning H E,Werninger J,et al.IGCT-a new emerging technology for high power,low cost inverters[J].IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,1999,5(4):12-18.
[11]Filsecker F,Alvarez R,Bernet S.Comparison of 4.5-kVpress-pack IGBTs and IGCTs for medium-voltage converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2013,60(2):440-449.
[12]陈政宇,余占清,吕纲,等.基于IGCT串联的10kV直流混合断路器研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(2):317-326.Chen Zhengyu,Yu Zhanqing,LüGang,et al.Researches on 10 kV DC hybrid circuit breaker based on IGCTseries[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(2):317-326(in Chinese).
[13]刘文华,宋强,张东江,等.50MVA静止同步补偿器链节的等价试验[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(12):73-78.Liu Wenhua,Song Qiang,Zhang Dongjiang,et al.Equivalent tests of links of 50 MVA STATCOM[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2006,26(12):73-78(in Chinese).
[14]李国栋,毛承雄,陆继明,等.基于IGCT串联的三电平高压变频器直流环节研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(1):82-87.Li Guodong,Mao Chengxiong,Lu Jiming,et al.Discussion on the DC-link of 6k V NPC three-level medium voltage drives based on IGCTs’series connection[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(1):82-87(in Chinese).
[15]Meyer J M,Rufer A.A DC hybrid circuit breaker with ultra-fast contact opening and integrated gate-commutated thyristors(IGCTs)[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(2):646-651.
[16]Steimer P,Apeldoorn O,Carroll E.IGCT devicesapplications and future opportunities[C]//Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting.Seattle,WA,USA:IEEE,2000:1223-1228.
[17]Buschendorf M,Weber J,Bernet S.Comparison of IGCTand IGBT for the use in the modular multilevel converter for HVDC applications[C]//International MultiConference on Systems,Signals&Devices.Chemnitz,Germany:IEEE,2012:1-6.
[18]Ladoux P,Serbia N,Carroll E I.On the potential of IGCTs in HVDC[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2015,3(3):780-793.
[19]David W,Michail V,Cosmin B,et al.IGCT based modular multilevel converter for an AC-AC rail power supply[C]//International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics,Intelligent Motion,Renewable Energy and Energy Management.Nürnberg,Deutschland,2017:1-8.
[20]曾嵘,赵彪,余占清,宋强,等.IGCT在直流电网中的应用展望[J].中国电机工程学报,2018,38(15):4307-4317.Zeng Rong,Zhao Biao,Yu Zhanqing,et al.Development and prospect of IGCT power device in DC grid[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2018,38(15):4307-4317(in Chinese).
[21]Zeng Rong,Xu Lie,Yao Liangzhong,et al.Design and operation of a hybrid modular multilevel converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2015,30(3):1137-1146.
[22]Xu Jianzhong,Zhao Penghao,Zhao Chengyong.Reliability analysis and redundancy configuration of MMCwith hybrid submodule topologies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(4):2720-2729.
[23]Hidalgo S A.Characterisation of 3.3k V IGCTs for medium power applications[D].Ladoux,Philippe:Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique et d'Electronique Industrielle,2005.