安徽潜山中古新世一新的模鼠兔类（英文）
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摘要
命名了中古新世的一个啮型类新属种——胡氏敏兽(Mina hui gen.et sp.nov.)。新属种的正型标本为可能属于同一个体的前颌骨和上颌骨,采自安徽省潜山县古井乡傅家山嘴中古新统望虎墩组上段上部。属名来源于周明镇先生的曾用名周敏,以纪念他对我国古新世生物地层和哺乳动物研究的杰出贡献;种名源自胡耀明博士,他为潜山哺乳动物的采集和研究做出过重要贡献。胡氏敏兽的特征如下:中等大小的模鼠兔类,上齿列齿式2·0·3·3;第一对门齿(d12)增大,无齿根、终生生长,釉质层双层,仅限于唇侧,表面无纵向浅沟;上颊齿列外缘显著凸出;颧弓前根后缘位于M1—M2之间,眶下孔位置低。以传统的模鼠兔目(Mimotonida)而论,它包括两个科:单型科模鼠兔科(Mimotonidae)只有模鼠兔(Mimotona)一属;模兔科(Mimolagidae)则包括模兔(Mimolagus),Gomphos,Anatolimys,敏兽和可能的Amar。在已知模鼠兔类中,模鼠兔很可能代表原始的兔形类祖先的"形态型",而模兔科则代表向兔形类进化的分支上分化出来的旁枝。晓鼠(Heomys)、模鼠兔和敏兽的共存说明啮形类在中古新世时已经分化。
Here we report a new genus and species,Mina hui gen.et sp.nov.,of basal Glires from the Middle Paleocene of Qianshan,Anhui,China.The new taxon is characterized by combination of the following characters:medium-sized mimotonidan;upper dental formula 2.0.3.3;dI2 transversely narrow and having smooth labial surface without longitudinal groove;Ml the largest cheek tooth and other cheek teeth decreasing in size considerably away from Ml so that the external margin of the upper cheek tooth row is distinctly arched labially;lingual side of upper molars unilaterally hypsodont and bearing no hypostria;hypocone being slightly distolingual to protocone;presence of a mesostyle;upper incisor with double-layered enamel structure;posterior border of anterior root of zygoma situated lateral to M1-2 and infraorbital foramen positioned low.M.hui is one of the earliest known Glires,co-existing with Heomys and Mimotona in Qianshan geographically and Middle Paleocene(ca.61 Ma) chronologically.We consider that the Mimotonida would include two families:the monotypic Mimotonidae that contains Mimotona and Mimolagidae that includes Mimolagus,Gomphos,Anatolimys,Mina and possibly Amar aleator.Among known mimotonidans,Mimotona probably represents a primitive "morphotype" as the ancestor of lagomorphs,whereas Mimolagidae includes a side branch diverged from the clade evolved toward lagomorphs.Future research may show that Mimolagidae is not a natural group,and may possibly submerge into Mimotonida,or involve more than one family-level clade.The occurrence of Heomys,Mimotona and Mina from Qianshan show that Glires had already diversified by the Middle Paleocene.
Here we report a new genus and species,Mina hui gen.et sp.nov.,of basal Glires from the Middle Paleocene of Qianshan,Anhui,China.The new taxon is characterized by combination of the following characters:medium-sized mimotonidan;upper dental formula 2.0.3.3;dI2 transversely narrow and having smooth labial surface without longitudinal groove;Ml the largest cheek tooth and other cheek teeth decreasing in size considerably away from Ml so that the external margin of the upper cheek tooth row is distinctly arched labially;lingual side of upper molars unilaterally hypsodont and bearing no hypostria;hypocone being slightly distolingual to protocone;presence of a mesostyle;upper incisor with double-layered enamel structure;posterior border of anterior root of zygoma situated lateral to M1-2 and infraorbital foramen positioned low.M.hui is one of the earliest known Glires,co-existing with Heomys and Mimotona in Qianshan geographically and Middle Paleocene(ca.61 Ma) chronologically.We consider that the Mimotonida would include two families:the monotypic Mimotonidae that contains Mimotona and Mimolagidae that includes Mimolagus,Gomphos,Anatolimys,Mina and possibly Amar aleator.Among known mimotonidans,Mimotona probably represents a primitive "morphotype" as the ancestor of lagomorphs,whereas Mimolagidae includes a side branch diverged from the clade evolved toward lagomorphs.Future research may show that Mimolagidae is not a natural group,and may possibly submerge into Mimotonida,or involve more than one family-level clade.The occurrence of Heomys,Mimotona and Mina from Qianshan show that Glires had already diversified by the Middle Paleocene.
引文
Asher R,Meng J,Wible J R et al.,2005.Stem Lagomorpha and antiquity of Glires.Science,307:1091-1094
Averianov A O,1994.Early Eocene mimotonids of Kyrgyzstan and the problem of Mixodontia.Acta Palaeont Pol,39(4):393-411
Averianov A O,1998.Taxonomic notes on some recently described Eocene Glires(Mammalia).Zoosyst Ross,7(1):205-208
Averianov A O,Lopatin A V,2005.Eocene lagomorphs(Mammalia)of Asia:1.Aklashmys(Strenulagidae fam.nov.).Paleont J,39(3):308-317
Bleefeld A R,McKenna M C,1985.Skeletal integrity of Mimolagus rodens(Lagomorpha,Mammalia).Am Mus Novit,2806:1-5
Bohlin B,1951.Some mammalian remains from Shih-ehr-ma-ch'eng,Hui-hui-p'u area,western Kansu.Rep Sino-Swed Exp Publ,35,Vert Palaeont,5:1-47
Dashzeveg D,Russell D E,1988.Palaeocene and Eocene Mixodontia(Mammalia,Glires)of Mongolia and China.Palaeontology,31:129-164
Dashzeveg D,Russell D E,Flynn L J,1987.New Glires(Mammalia)from the Early Eocene of People's Republic of Mongolia.Part I:description and systematics.Proc K Ned Akad Wet,Ser B,90(2):133-142
Dawson M R,1967.Lagomorph history and the stratigraphic record.In:Teichert C,Yochelson E L eds.Essays in Paleontology and Stratigraphy.Univ Kansas,Spec Publ,2:287-316
Erbajeva M A,1986.The late Cenozoic faunistic complexes of Transbaikalia with special reference to the micromammalia.Quart Palaeont,6:25-28
Erbajeva M A,Mead J I,Alexeeva N V et al.,2011.Taxonomic diversity of late Cenozoic Asian and North American ochotonids(an overview).Palaeont Electron,14(3);42A:1-9
Fostowicz-Frelik L,Li C K,Mao F Y et al.,2015.A large mimotonid from the Middle Eocene of China sheds light on evolution of lagomorphs and their kin.Sci Rep,5:9394,doi:10.1038/srep09394
Gidley J W,1912.The lagomorphs as an independent order.Science,36:285-286
Huang X S,2003.Mammalian remains from the Late Paleocene of Jiashan,Anhui.Vert PalAsiat,41(1):42-54
Jaeger J J,1988.Rodent phylogeny:new data and old problems.In:Benton M J ed.The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods,Vol.2.Mammals.Oxford:Clarendon Press.177-199
Landry S O Jr,1999.A proposal for a new classification and nomenclature for the Glires(Lagomorpha and Rodentia).Zoosyst Evol,75(2):283-319
Li C K,1977.Paleocene eurymyloids(Anagalida,Mammalia)of Qianshan,Anhui.Vert PalAsiat,15(2):103-118
Li C K,Ting S Y,1985.Possible phylogenetic relationships of eurymylids and rodents,with comments on mimotonids.In:Luckett W P,Hartenberger J-L eds.Evolutionary Relationships Among Rodents:A Multidisciplinary Analysis.New York:Plenum Press.35-58
Li C K,Ting S Y,1993.New cranial and postcranial evidence for the affinities of the eurymylids(Rodentia)and mimotonids(Lagomorpha).In:Szalay F S,Novacek M J,McKenna M C eds.Mammal Phylogeny:Placentals.New York:Springer.151-158
Li C K,Wilson R W,Dawson M R et al.,1987.The origin of rodents and lagomorphs.In:Genoways H H ed.Current Mammalogy I.New York:Plenum Press.97-108
Luckett W P,1985.Superordinal and intraordinal affinities of rodents:developmental evidence from the dentition and placentation.In:Luckett W P,Hartenberger J-L eds.Evolutionary Relationships Among Rodents:A Multidisciplinary Analysis.New York:Plenum Press.227-276
Luckett W P,Hartenberger J L,1985.Evolutionary relationships among rodents:comments and conclusions.In:Luckett W P,Hartenberger J-L eds.Evolutionary Relationships Among Rodents:A Multidisciplinary Analysis.New York:Plenum Press.685-712
Luckett W P,Hartenberger J L,1993.Monophyly or polyphyly of the order Rodentia:possible conflict between morphological and molecular interpretations.J Mammal Evol,1(2):127-147
Mao F Y,Li C K.,Wang Y Q et al.,2016.The incisor enamel microstructure of Mina hui(Mammalia,Glires)and its implication for the taxonomy of basal Glires.Vert PalAsiat,54(2):137-155
McKenna M C,Bell S K,1997.Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.New York:Columbia University Press.1-631
Meng J,Hu Y M,2004.Lagomorphs from the Yihesubu Upper Eocene of Nei Mongol(Inner Mongolia).Vert PalAsiat,42(3):261-275
Meng J,Wyss A R,2001.The morphology of Tribosphenomys(Rodentiaformes,Mammalia):phylogenetic implications for basal Glires.J Mammal Evol,8(1):1-71
Meng J,Wyss A R,2005.Glires(Lagomorpha,Rodentia).In:Rose K D,Archibald J D eds.The Rise of Placental Mammals.Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press.145-158
Meng J,Hu Y M,Li C K,2003.The osteology of Rhombomylus(Mammalia,Glires)and its implication for Glires systematics and evolution.Bull Am Mus Nat Hist,275:1-247
Meng J,Bowen G J,Ye J et al.,2004.Gomphos elkema(Glires,Mammalia)from the Erlian Basin:evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol,China.Am Mus Novit,3425:1-24
Novacek M J,1985.Cranial evidence for rodent affinities.In:Luckett W P,Hartenberger J-L eds.Evolutionary Relationships Among Rodents:A Multidisciplinary Analysis.New York:Plenum Press.59-81
Novacek M J,1990.Morphology,paleontology,and the higher clades of mammals.In:Genoways H H ed.Current Mammalogy 2.New York:Plenum Press.507-543
O'Leary M A,Bloch J I,Flynn J J et al.,2013.The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals.Science,339:662-667
Shevyreva N S,1994.First find of an eurymylid(Eurymylidae,Mixodontia,Mammalia)in Kirghizia.Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR,338:571-573
Shevyreva N S,1995.The oldest lagomorphs(Lagomorpha,Mammalia)of Eastern Hemisphere.Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR,345:377-379
Shevyreva N S,Chkhikvadze V M,Zhegallo V I,1975.New data on the vertebrate fauna of the Gashato Formation,Mongolian People's Republic.Bull Georgian Acad Sci,77:225-228
Szalay F S,1985.Rodent and lagomorph morphotype adaptations,origins,and relationships:some postcranial attributes analyzed.In:Luckett W P,Hartenberger J-L eds.Evolutionary Relationships Among Rodents:A Multidisciplinary Analysis.New York:Plenum Press.83-132
Tong Y S,1997.Middle Eocene small mammals from Liguanqiao Basin of Henan Province and Yanqu Basin of Shanxi Province,central China.Palaeont Sin,New Ser C,26:1-256
Tong Y S,Lei Y Z,1987.Fossil lagomorphs(Mammalia)from the Hetaoyuan Eocene of Xichuan,Henan.Vert PalAsiat,25(3):208-211
Tullberg T,1899.Ueberdas System derNagethiere:eine Phylogenetische Studie.Nova Acta R Soc Sci Ups,3:1-514
Wang Y Q,Li C K,Li D S et al.,2016.A synopsis of Paleocene stratigraphy and vertebrate paleontology in the Qianshan Basin,Anhui,China.Vert PalAsiat,54(2):89-120
Wilson R W,1949.Early Tertiary rodents of North America.Contrib Palaeont,Carnegie Inst Wash,584:67-164
WoodAE,1957.What,if anything,is arabbit?Evolution,11(4):417-427
Wyss A R,Meng J,1996.Application of phylogenetic taxonomy to poorly resolved crown clades:a stem-modified nodebased definition of Rodentia.Syst Biol,45(4):559-568
Zhang Z Q,Wang J,2016.On the geological age of mammalian fossils from Shanmacheng,Gansu Province.Vert PalAsiat,in press
Zhegallo V 1,Shevyreva N S,1976.Revision of the geological structure and new data on the fauna of the Gashato locality(Paleocene,M.P.R.).In:Kramarenko N N,Luvsandanzan B,Voronin Y1 et al eds.Paleontology and Biostratigraphy of Mongolia.Trans Joint Soviet-Mongol Paleont Exped,3:269-279
Zhou M Z,Qiu Z X,Li C K,1975.Some suggestions for unifying translation of nomenclature of the primitive eutherian molar-teeth.Vert PalAsiat,13(4):257-266
Averianov A O,1994.Early Eocene mimotonids of Kyrgyzstan and the problem of Mixodontia.Acta Palaeont Pol,39(4):393-411
Averianov A O,1998.Taxonomic notes on some recently described Eocene Glires(Mammalia).Zoosyst Ross,7(1):205-208
Averianov A O,Lopatin A V,2005.Eocene lagomorphs(Mammalia)of Asia:1.Aklashmys(Strenulagidae fam.nov.).Paleont J,39(3):308-317
Bleefeld A R,McKenna M C,1985.Skeletal integrity of Mimolagus rodens(Lagomorpha,Mammalia).Am Mus Novit,2806:1-5
Bohlin B,1951.Some mammalian remains from Shih-ehr-ma-ch'eng,Hui-hui-p'u area,western Kansu.Rep Sino-Swed Exp Publ,35,Vert Palaeont,5:1-47
Dashzeveg D,Russell D E,1988.Palaeocene and Eocene Mixodontia(Mammalia,Glires)of Mongolia and China.Palaeontology,31:129-164
Dashzeveg D,Russell D E,Flynn L J,1987.New Glires(Mammalia)from the Early Eocene of People's Republic of Mongolia.Part I:description and systematics.Proc K Ned Akad Wet,Ser B,90(2):133-142
Dawson M R,1967.Lagomorph history and the stratigraphic record.In:Teichert C,Yochelson E L eds.Essays in Paleontology and Stratigraphy.Univ Kansas,Spec Publ,2:287-316
Erbajeva M A,1986.The late Cenozoic faunistic complexes of Transbaikalia with special reference to the micromammalia.Quart Palaeont,6:25-28
Erbajeva M A,Mead J I,Alexeeva N V et al.,2011.Taxonomic diversity of late Cenozoic Asian and North American ochotonids(an overview).Palaeont Electron,14(3);42A:1-9
Fostowicz-Frelik L,Li C K,Mao F Y et al.,2015.A large mimotonid from the Middle Eocene of China sheds light on evolution of lagomorphs and their kin.Sci Rep,5:9394,doi:10.1038/srep09394
Gidley J W,1912.The lagomorphs as an independent order.Science,36:285-286
Huang X S,2003.Mammalian remains from the Late Paleocene of Jiashan,Anhui.Vert PalAsiat,41(1):42-54
Jaeger J J,1988.Rodent phylogeny:new data and old problems.In:Benton M J ed.The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods,Vol.2.Mammals.Oxford:Clarendon Press.177-199
Landry S O Jr,1999.A proposal for a new classification and nomenclature for the Glires(Lagomorpha and Rodentia).Zoosyst Evol,75(2):283-319
Li C K,1977.Paleocene eurymyloids(Anagalida,Mammalia)of Qianshan,Anhui.Vert PalAsiat,15(2):103-118
Li C K,Ting S Y,1985.Possible phylogenetic relationships of eurymylids and rodents,with comments on mimotonids.In:Luckett W P,Hartenberger J-L eds.Evolutionary Relationships Among Rodents:A Multidisciplinary Analysis.New York:Plenum Press.35-58
Li C K,Ting S Y,1993.New cranial and postcranial evidence for the affinities of the eurymylids(Rodentia)and mimotonids(Lagomorpha).In:Szalay F S,Novacek M J,McKenna M C eds.Mammal Phylogeny:Placentals.New York:Springer.151-158
Li C K,Wilson R W,Dawson M R et al.,1987.The origin of rodents and lagomorphs.In:Genoways H H ed.Current Mammalogy I.New York:Plenum Press.97-108
Luckett W P,1985.Superordinal and intraordinal affinities of rodents:developmental evidence from the dentition and placentation.In:Luckett W P,Hartenberger J-L eds.Evolutionary Relationships Among Rodents:A Multidisciplinary Analysis.New York:Plenum Press.227-276
Luckett W P,Hartenberger J L,1985.Evolutionary relationships among rodents:comments and conclusions.In:Luckett W P,Hartenberger J-L eds.Evolutionary Relationships Among Rodents:A Multidisciplinary Analysis.New York:Plenum Press.685-712
Luckett W P,Hartenberger J L,1993.Monophyly or polyphyly of the order Rodentia:possible conflict between morphological and molecular interpretations.J Mammal Evol,1(2):127-147
Mao F Y,Li C K.,Wang Y Q et al.,2016.The incisor enamel microstructure of Mina hui(Mammalia,Glires)and its implication for the taxonomy of basal Glires.Vert PalAsiat,54(2):137-155
McKenna M C,Bell S K,1997.Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.New York:Columbia University Press.1-631
Meng J,Hu Y M,2004.Lagomorphs from the Yihesubu Upper Eocene of Nei Mongol(Inner Mongolia).Vert PalAsiat,42(3):261-275
Meng J,Wyss A R,2001.The morphology of Tribosphenomys(Rodentiaformes,Mammalia):phylogenetic implications for basal Glires.J Mammal Evol,8(1):1-71
Meng J,Wyss A R,2005.Glires(Lagomorpha,Rodentia).In:Rose K D,Archibald J D eds.The Rise of Placental Mammals.Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press.145-158
Meng J,Hu Y M,Li C K,2003.The osteology of Rhombomylus(Mammalia,Glires)and its implication for Glires systematics and evolution.Bull Am Mus Nat Hist,275:1-247
Meng J,Bowen G J,Ye J et al.,2004.Gomphos elkema(Glires,Mammalia)from the Erlian Basin:evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol,China.Am Mus Novit,3425:1-24
Novacek M J,1985.Cranial evidence for rodent affinities.In:Luckett W P,Hartenberger J-L eds.Evolutionary Relationships Among Rodents:A Multidisciplinary Analysis.New York:Plenum Press.59-81
Novacek M J,1990.Morphology,paleontology,and the higher clades of mammals.In:Genoways H H ed.Current Mammalogy 2.New York:Plenum Press.507-543
O'Leary M A,Bloch J I,Flynn J J et al.,2013.The placental mammal ancestor and the post-K-Pg radiation of placentals.Science,339:662-667
Shevyreva N S,1994.First find of an eurymylid(Eurymylidae,Mixodontia,Mammalia)in Kirghizia.Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR,338:571-573
Shevyreva N S,1995.The oldest lagomorphs(Lagomorpha,Mammalia)of Eastern Hemisphere.Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR,345:377-379
Shevyreva N S,Chkhikvadze V M,Zhegallo V I,1975.New data on the vertebrate fauna of the Gashato Formation,Mongolian People's Republic.Bull Georgian Acad Sci,77:225-228
Szalay F S,1985.Rodent and lagomorph morphotype adaptations,origins,and relationships:some postcranial attributes analyzed.In:Luckett W P,Hartenberger J-L eds.Evolutionary Relationships Among Rodents:A Multidisciplinary Analysis.New York:Plenum Press.83-132
Tong Y S,1997.Middle Eocene small mammals from Liguanqiao Basin of Henan Province and Yanqu Basin of Shanxi Province,central China.Palaeont Sin,New Ser C,26:1-256
Tong Y S,Lei Y Z,1987.Fossil lagomorphs(Mammalia)from the Hetaoyuan Eocene of Xichuan,Henan.Vert PalAsiat,25(3):208-211
Tullberg T,1899.Ueberdas System derNagethiere:eine Phylogenetische Studie.Nova Acta R Soc Sci Ups,3:1-514
Wang Y Q,Li C K,Li D S et al.,2016.A synopsis of Paleocene stratigraphy and vertebrate paleontology in the Qianshan Basin,Anhui,China.Vert PalAsiat,54(2):89-120
Wilson R W,1949.Early Tertiary rodents of North America.Contrib Palaeont,Carnegie Inst Wash,584:67-164
WoodAE,1957.What,if anything,is arabbit?Evolution,11(4):417-427
Wyss A R,Meng J,1996.Application of phylogenetic taxonomy to poorly resolved crown clades:a stem-modified nodebased definition of Rodentia.Syst Biol,45(4):559-568
Zhang Z Q,Wang J,2016.On the geological age of mammalian fossils from Shanmacheng,Gansu Province.Vert PalAsiat,in press
Zhegallo V 1,Shevyreva N S,1976.Revision of the geological structure and new data on the fauna of the Gashato locality(Paleocene,M.P.R.).In:Kramarenko N N,Luvsandanzan B,Voronin Y1 et al eds.Paleontology and Biostratigraphy of Mongolia.Trans Joint Soviet-Mongol Paleont Exped,3:269-279
Zhou M Z,Qiu Z X,Li C K,1975.Some suggestions for unifying translation of nomenclature of the primitive eutherian molar-teeth.Vert PalAsiat,13(4):257-266