桂林毛村地下河水质评价
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摘要
为确定桂林毛村地下河的氮磷水平及其来源,在毛村地下河出口设置水质自动监测仪,并根据地下河水系分布在流域内布点同时采样监测。结果表明:采用GB/T14848—93《地下水质量标准》Ⅱ类评价,毛村河地下水出口的NH_4~+-N超标率为63.4%,TP达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》的Ⅱ类,氮磷浓度变化与枯雨季无直接联系。毛村地下河流域TN和NO-3-N的浓度呈现出从上游至下游逐渐升高趋势,经过洼地的大岩前采样点和毛村出口的TN浓度超过地表水水质Ⅴ类标准,其他指标均达Ⅱ类标准。对比不同降雨量条件下毛村地下河出水口NH_4~+-N和TP质量浓度实时动态变化发现,在小雨和中雨期间氮磷浓度变化无明显改变,说明农业施肥和生活污水对地下河水质影响除了集中降雨之外,还存在着通过岩溶地下管道直接流入的途径。在大雨期间,集中降雨对土壤冲刷,TP质量浓度出现了瞬间最高值(23.5μg/L),NH_4~+-N质量浓度则在降雨的携带和稀释下产生剧烈波动。
In order to determine the nitrogen and phosphorus levels and sources in the subterranean river at Maocun Village in Guilin,an automatic water quality monitor was located at the outlet of the river,and sampling sites were set up simultaneously in the river basin according to the river distribution. The results show that ammonia nitrogen in 63. 4% of the samples exceeded the grade II level prescribed by the Quality Standard for Groundwater( GB /T14848—93),and total phosphorus reached the grade II level prescribed by the Quality Standard for Surface Water( GB3838—2002). There was no significant relationship between the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus and dry( or wet) seasons. The concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen gradually increased from upstream to downstream in the Maocun subterranean river basin. The total nitrogen in the Dayanqian sampling site and the subterranean river's outlet exceeded the grade V level from the Quality Standard for Surface Water,while other indices reached the grade II level. Through comparison of real-time dynamic changes of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in different rainfall conditions,it can be found that there was no visible change of the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus during the periods with light and moderate rain,indicating that agricultural fertilizers and domestic sewage can affect the water quality of subterranean rivers not only by means of concentrated rainfall,but also by flowing into the rivers through Karst underground pipelines. The concentration of total phosphorus reached23. 5 μg / L,which was the instantaneeusly highest concentration during heavy rain,and ammonia nitrogen carried and diluted by rainfall was not stable due to soil erosion caused by concentrated rainfall.
In order to determine the nitrogen and phosphorus levels and sources in the subterranean river at Maocun Village in Guilin,an automatic water quality monitor was located at the outlet of the river,and sampling sites were set up simultaneously in the river basin according to the river distribution. The results show that ammonia nitrogen in 63. 4% of the samples exceeded the grade II level prescribed by the Quality Standard for Groundwater( GB /T14848—93),and total phosphorus reached the grade II level prescribed by the Quality Standard for Surface Water( GB3838—2002). There was no significant relationship between the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus and dry( or wet) seasons. The concentrations of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen gradually increased from upstream to downstream in the Maocun subterranean river basin. The total nitrogen in the Dayanqian sampling site and the subterranean river's outlet exceeded the grade V level from the Quality Standard for Surface Water,while other indices reached the grade II level. Through comparison of real-time dynamic changes of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in different rainfall conditions,it can be found that there was no visible change of the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus during the periods with light and moderate rain,indicating that agricultural fertilizers and domestic sewage can affect the water quality of subterranean rivers not only by means of concentrated rainfall,but also by flowing into the rivers through Karst underground pipelines. The concentration of total phosphorus reached23. 5 μg / L,which was the instantaneeusly highest concentration during heavy rain,and ammonia nitrogen carried and diluted by rainfall was not stable due to soil erosion caused by concentrated rainfall.
引文
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[3]唐伟,裴建国,殷建军,等.桂林毛村岩溶地下河二十多年来的水质演化趋势研究[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(3):331-335.(TANG Wei,PEI Jianguo,YIN Jianjun,et al.Water quality evolution tendency in Maocun karst underground river in Guilin for the past more than 20 years[J].Carsologica Sinica,2010,29(3):331-335.(in Chinese))
[4]汪进良.桂林毛村地下河出口电导率及NO-3动态变化研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2005.
[5]王开然,郭芳,姜光辉,等.桂林峰林平原区岩溶含水层氮污染空间分布特征[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(3):281-283.(WANG Kairan,GUO Fang,JIANG Guanghui,et al.Spatial distribution of nitrogen contamination in karst aquifer in Guilin peak forest plain[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(3):281-286.(in Chinese))
[6]蔡文静,常春平,宋帅,等.德州地区地下水中磷的空间分布特征及来源分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(4):456-462.(CAI Wenjing,CHANG Chunping,SONG Shuai,et al.Spatial distribution and sources of groundwater phosphorus in Dezhou Region[J].Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2013,21(4):456-462.(in Chinese))
[7]黄芬,唐伟,汪进良,等.外源水对岩溶碳汇的影响:以桂林毛村地下河为例[J].中国岩溶,2011,30(4):417-420.(HUANG Fen,TANG Wei,WANG Jinliang,et al.The influence of allo-genic water on karst carbon sink:a case study in the Maocun Subterranean River in Guilin[J].Carsologica Sinica,2011,30(4):417-420.(in Chinese))
[8]JUSSY J H,COLIN-BELGRAND M,DAMBRINE E,et al.N deposition,N transformation and N leaching in acid forest soils[J].Biogeochemistry,2004,69:241-262.