沿海防护林主要树种的树干径流特性
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摘要
比较分析了黑松(Pinus thunbergii)、马尾松(P.massoniana)、湿地松(P.elliottii)、枫香(Liquidambar formosana)、麻栎(Quercus acutissima)、白栎(Q.fabri)、浙江楠(Phoebe chekiangensis)、杜英(Elaeocarpus decipiens)、樟(Cinnamomum camphora)9个沿海防护林主要树种的树干径流特性。结果表明:大气降雨的p H值为6.6,各树种的树干径流的p H值都有一定幅度的下降,但黑松、马尾松等针叶树的下降幅度明显更大,而电导率和p H值刚好相反,针叶树树干径流的电导率明显高于阔叶树种和大气降雨;大气降雨中,受海水蒸发形成的盐雾影响较大的Cl-、Na+和Mg2+的浓度较高,而我国酸雨的主要阴离子成分NO3-和SO42-的浓度相对较低;树干径流中,各离子浓度均高于大气降雨,其中Cl-、NO3-、SO42-、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+含量主要来源于降雨的淋洗作用,而K+则更多来源于枝叶的淋溶作用;从不同树种看,除K+是阔叶树种高于针叶树种外,其余离子含量都是针叶树种要高于阔叶树种。
Stem-flow properties were determined and analyzed from main tree species of coastal protection forest in Zhoushan Island, Zhejiang province, from October of 2012 to October of 2013 such as Pinus thunbergii, P. massoniana, P. elliottii, Liquidambar formosana, Quercus acutissima, Q. fabric, Phoebe chekiangensis, Elaeocarpus decipiens, Cinnamomum camphora. The result showed that p H of rainfall was 6.6, and that of stem-flows from various tree species decreased, especially from P. thunbergii and P. massoniana. On the contrary, the electrical conductivities(EC) of stem-flows from coniferous trees were higher than those from deciduous trees and rainfall. Rainfall had higher concentrations of Cl-, Na+ and Mg2+because of salt mist from evaporation of sea water, but lower concentration of NO3- and SO42-.. Ion concentration in stem-flow were higher than those in rainfall, and Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were mainly from elution by rainfall, and K+ was mainly from leaching of branches and leaves. Ion concentration were higher in the stem-flows from coniferous trees, except K+.
Stem-flow properties were determined and analyzed from main tree species of coastal protection forest in Zhoushan Island, Zhejiang province, from October of 2012 to October of 2013 such as Pinus thunbergii, P. massoniana, P. elliottii, Liquidambar formosana, Quercus acutissima, Q. fabric, Phoebe chekiangensis, Elaeocarpus decipiens, Cinnamomum camphora. The result showed that p H of rainfall was 6.6, and that of stem-flows from various tree species decreased, especially from P. thunbergii and P. massoniana. On the contrary, the electrical conductivities(EC) of stem-flows from coniferous trees were higher than those from deciduous trees and rainfall. Rainfall had higher concentrations of Cl-, Na+ and Mg2+because of salt mist from evaporation of sea water, but lower concentration of NO3- and SO42-.. Ion concentration in stem-flow were higher than those in rainfall, and Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were mainly from elution by rainfall, and K+ was mainly from leaching of branches and leaves. Ion concentration were higher in the stem-flows from coniferous trees, except K+.
引文
[1]杨茂瑞.亚热带杉木、马尾松人工林的林内降雨、林冠截留和树于茎流[J].林业科学研究,1992,5(2):158-162.
[2]程伯容,许广山,高世东.森林林冠对酸性降水化学组成的影响[J].中国环境科学,1989,9(2):155-157.
[3]刘世海,余新晓,胡春宏,等.密云水库北京集水区人工水源保护林降水化学性质研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(1):100-103.
[4]田大伦,杨晚华,方海波.第二代杉木幼林中降雨对养分的淋溶作用[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版),1999,17(1):1-5.
[5]马雪华,杨茂瑞,王建军.亚热带杉木、马尾松人工林水文功能的研究[J].中国森林生态系统定位研究,1994:346-353.
[6]李海涛,韩兴国,陈灵芝.华北暖温带山地落叶阔叶混交林的茎流研究[J].生态学报,1997,17(4):371-376.
[7]彭培好,王金锡,胡振宇,等.人工桤柏混交林中降雨对养分物质的淋溶影响[J].生态学杂志,1996,15(5):12-15.
[8]刘建军.锐齿栎、油松茎流养分输入和树干基部土壤特性初步研究[J].西北林学院学报,1999,14(1):59-63.
[9]佐佐朋幸.盛岡市周辺の代表的森林における林内雨,林外雨,樹幹流の酸性度ならびにその溶存成分[J].森林立地,1990,32(2):43-58.
[10]松浦陽次郎.関東地方における林表層土壌のp H低下[J].森林立地,1990,32(2):65-69.
[11]松浦陽次郎.樹幹流と土壌の酸性化の実態[J].森林立地,1992,34(1):20-25.
[12]应宝根.浙江省沿海防护林体系建设工程布局规划思路[J].浙江林业科技,2006,26(2):49-52.
[13]Sun E J.Studies on scorching of rice plants and trees on northwestern coastal areas of Taiwan III.Pathological evidences of salt spray injury to major windbreak trees[J].Plant Prot Bull,1992,34(4):283-293.
[14]李晓丽,唐跃,王雷.舟山海雾发生问题探讨[J].海洋预报,2011,28(1):60-65.
[15]王国明,赵颖,陈斌,等.浙江舟山岛松材线虫入侵后松林群落的自然演替和特征[J].林业科学,2011,47(3):124-132.
[16]Potter C,Ragsdale H,Swank W.Atmospheric deposition and foliar leaching in a regenerating southern Appalachian forest canopy[J].Journal of Ecology,1991(79):97-115.
[17]樊后保.杉木林截留对降水化学的影响[J].林业科学,2000,36(4):2-8.
[18]曹洪法,王玮,高映新,等.森林冠层对酸雨的反应及其影响[J].中国环境科学,1989,9(2):81-86.
[19]唐常源,王翌.湿地松人工林中降雨对养分物质的淋溶影响[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1992,16(4):379-383.
[20]周国逸,小仓纪雄.酸雨对重庆几种土壤中元素释放的影响[J].生态学报,1996,16(3):251-257.
[21]田大伦,项文化,杨晚华.第2代杉木林幼林生态系统水化学特征[J].生态学报,2002,22(6):859-865.
[22]冯宗炜,张家武,陈楚莹,等.模拟酸雨对树木叶片的伤害和树木抗性的研究[J].环境科学,1988,9(5):30-33.
[23]程伯容,许广山,高世东.森林林冠对酸性降水化学组成的影响[J].中国环境科学,1989,9(2):155-157.
[24]邓仕坚,陈楚莹.树冠及叶凋落物对模拟酸雨缓冲能力的初探[J].环境科学,1992,13(3):10-17.
[25]毛玉明,吴初平,袁位高,等.钱塘江源头典型森林类型不同层次的水质效应.浙江林业科技,2013,33(5):74-79.
[26]衣华鹏,张鹏宴,毕继胜,等.烟台海岸防护林的生态环境效应与景观生态建设.海洋科学,2008,32(2):69-73.
[27]村野健太郎.酸性雨と酸性霧[M].東京:裳華房,1993.
[28]梁翠萍,张胜利.秦岭锐齿栎林和油松林林冠层对大气降雨水质的影响东北林业大学学报[J].2011,39(2):53-56.
[29]唐晓芬,王云琦,王玉杰,等.重庆酸雨区缙云山典型林分冠层酸雨淋洗特征[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(5):548-553.
[30]王静,由文辉,石珺,虞伊林,等.天童常绿阔叶林树干径流中硝态氮特征[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(4):440-445.
[31]陶雪琴,卢桂宁,周康群,等.大气化学污染的植物净化研究进展[J].生态环境,2007,16(5):1 546-1 550.
[2]程伯容,许广山,高世东.森林林冠对酸性降水化学组成的影响[J].中国环境科学,1989,9(2):155-157.
[3]刘世海,余新晓,胡春宏,等.密云水库北京集水区人工水源保护林降水化学性质研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(1):100-103.
[4]田大伦,杨晚华,方海波.第二代杉木幼林中降雨对养分的淋溶作用[J].湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版),1999,17(1):1-5.
[5]马雪华,杨茂瑞,王建军.亚热带杉木、马尾松人工林水文功能的研究[J].中国森林生态系统定位研究,1994:346-353.
[6]李海涛,韩兴国,陈灵芝.华北暖温带山地落叶阔叶混交林的茎流研究[J].生态学报,1997,17(4):371-376.
[7]彭培好,王金锡,胡振宇,等.人工桤柏混交林中降雨对养分物质的淋溶影响[J].生态学杂志,1996,15(5):12-15.
[8]刘建军.锐齿栎、油松茎流养分输入和树干基部土壤特性初步研究[J].西北林学院学报,1999,14(1):59-63.
[9]佐佐朋幸.盛岡市周辺の代表的森林における林内雨,林外雨,樹幹流の酸性度ならびにその溶存成分[J].森林立地,1990,32(2):43-58.
[10]松浦陽次郎.関東地方における林表層土壌のp H低下[J].森林立地,1990,32(2):65-69.
[11]松浦陽次郎.樹幹流と土壌の酸性化の実態[J].森林立地,1992,34(1):20-25.
[12]应宝根.浙江省沿海防护林体系建设工程布局规划思路[J].浙江林业科技,2006,26(2):49-52.
[13]Sun E J.Studies on scorching of rice plants and trees on northwestern coastal areas of Taiwan III.Pathological evidences of salt spray injury to major windbreak trees[J].Plant Prot Bull,1992,34(4):283-293.
[14]李晓丽,唐跃,王雷.舟山海雾发生问题探讨[J].海洋预报,2011,28(1):60-65.
[15]王国明,赵颖,陈斌,等.浙江舟山岛松材线虫入侵后松林群落的自然演替和特征[J].林业科学,2011,47(3):124-132.
[16]Potter C,Ragsdale H,Swank W.Atmospheric deposition and foliar leaching in a regenerating southern Appalachian forest canopy[J].Journal of Ecology,1991(79):97-115.
[17]樊后保.杉木林截留对降水化学的影响[J].林业科学,2000,36(4):2-8.
[18]曹洪法,王玮,高映新,等.森林冠层对酸雨的反应及其影响[J].中国环境科学,1989,9(2):81-86.
[19]唐常源,王翌.湿地松人工林中降雨对养分物质的淋溶影响[J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1992,16(4):379-383.
[20]周国逸,小仓纪雄.酸雨对重庆几种土壤中元素释放的影响[J].生态学报,1996,16(3):251-257.
[21]田大伦,项文化,杨晚华.第2代杉木林幼林生态系统水化学特征[J].生态学报,2002,22(6):859-865.
[22]冯宗炜,张家武,陈楚莹,等.模拟酸雨对树木叶片的伤害和树木抗性的研究[J].环境科学,1988,9(5):30-33.
[23]程伯容,许广山,高世东.森林林冠对酸性降水化学组成的影响[J].中国环境科学,1989,9(2):155-157.
[24]邓仕坚,陈楚莹.树冠及叶凋落物对模拟酸雨缓冲能力的初探[J].环境科学,1992,13(3):10-17.
[25]毛玉明,吴初平,袁位高,等.钱塘江源头典型森林类型不同层次的水质效应.浙江林业科技,2013,33(5):74-79.
[26]衣华鹏,张鹏宴,毕继胜,等.烟台海岸防护林的生态环境效应与景观生态建设.海洋科学,2008,32(2):69-73.
[27]村野健太郎.酸性雨と酸性霧[M].東京:裳華房,1993.
[28]梁翠萍,张胜利.秦岭锐齿栎林和油松林林冠层对大气降雨水质的影响东北林业大学学报[J].2011,39(2):53-56.
[29]唐晓芬,王云琦,王玉杰,等.重庆酸雨区缙云山典型林分冠层酸雨淋洗特征[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(5):548-553.
[30]王静,由文辉,石珺,虞伊林,等.天童常绿阔叶林树干径流中硝态氮特征[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(4):440-445.
[31]陶雪琴,卢桂宁,周康群,等.大气化学污染的植物净化研究进展[J].生态环境,2007,16(5):1 546-1 550.