软法视域下发展社区协商民主的策略探究——基于济南市的经验
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摘要
社区协商民主是我国社会主义协商民主建设的重要组成部分和有效实现形式。发展社区协商民主是我国基层治理中的一项重要内容,软法因其特有的多元主义利益结构、协商性沟通和非强制性执行等特点而与协商民主具有高度的相容性。社区软法建设是推进社区协商民主规范化和深入发展的有力举措。目前,我国社区在运用软法推进社区协商民主中面临内外多重制约,具体表现为优秀干部稀缺、居民参与度低、驻区单位与社区的共建共商机制不完善、上级部门对社区协商民主的支持有限、社会组织和社工专业性不足等。从改善社区内外整体制度环境的角度来看,我国推进社区软法建设的可行策略包括创新党建考核机制、提升网格治理质量、培育和引入社会组织、培训社区工作人员、增强社区居民协商能力、建立多级跨部门协商联动机制等。
Grassroots deliberative democracy is a key task in China's current grass-roots governance.Soft law is highly compatible with it because of its unique multi-pronged interest's structure,consultative communication,and non-mandatory enforcement.The development of grass-roots soft law is an effective measure to promote the standardization and in-depth development of consultation democracy at the grass-roots level.At present,China's grass-roots communities face multiple internal and external bottlenecks in advancing the negotiation of soft law,specifically manifested in the scarcity of outstanding cadres,low level of residents' participation,incomplete co-construction mechanisms for resident units and communities,and the consultation of democracy among the higher authorities with grass-roots units.Support is limited,social organizations and social workers are not professional enough.From the perspective of improving the systemic environment within and outside the community as a whole,feasible strategies for promoting the construction of grassroots consultative democracy soft law include innovating the party's assessment mechanism,improving the quality of grid governance,nurturing and introducing social organizations,training community staff,and nurturing community residents,negotiate capabilities and establish a multi-level negotiation linkage mechanism.
Grassroots deliberative democracy is a key task in China's current grass-roots governance.Soft law is highly compatible with it because of its unique multi-pronged interest's structure,consultative communication,and non-mandatory enforcement.The development of grass-roots soft law is an effective measure to promote the standardization and in-depth development of consultation democracy at the grass-roots level.At present,China's grass-roots communities face multiple internal and external bottlenecks in advancing the negotiation of soft law,specifically manifested in the scarcity of outstanding cadres,low level of residents' participation,incomplete co-construction mechanisms for resident units and communities,and the consultation of democracy among the higher authorities with grass-roots units.Support is limited,social organizations and social workers are not professional enough.From the perspective of improving the systemic environment within and outside the community as a whole,feasible strategies for promoting the construction of grassroots consultative democracy soft law include innovating the party's assessment mechanism,improving the quality of grid governance,nurturing and introducing social organizations,training community staff,and nurturing community residents,negotiate capabilities and establish a multi-level negotiation linkage mechanism.
引文
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[3]罗豪才,毕洪海.通过软法的治理[J].法学家,2006,(01).
[4]姜明安,软法的兴起与软法之治[J].中国法学,2006,(02).
[5]宋功德.公域软法规范的主要渊源[A].罗豪才.软法与公共治理[M].北京大学出版社,2006.
[6]刘祖云,孔德斌.乡村软治理:一个新的学术命题[J].华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),2013,(03).
[7]陈光.社区治理规范中软法的形式及定位[J].广西社会科学,2013,(09).
[8]李萍.论我国城市社区体育的软法之治[J].山东体育科技,2014,(05).
[9]郝建.城市社区软治理破题[J].人论论坛,2014,(07).
[10]陈光.论社区治理中软法与硬法的关系及衔接[J].甘肃政法学院学报,2013,(04).
[11]潘爱国.论城乡社区建设中的硬法、软法综合规制[J].金陵法律评论,2014,(01).
[12]杨中艳.基层协商民主法治化的建设路径探析[J].云南社会科学,2016,(02).
[13]廉睿,卫跃宁.由“硬法之维”到“软硬混治”——中国法治进程中的软法资源及其运作路径[J].学习论坛,2016,(04).
[14]罗豪才、宋功德,认真对待软法——公域软法的一般理论及其中国实践[J].中国法学,2006,(02).
[15]陈瑞华.看得见的正义[M].北京大学出版社,2013.
[16]魏武.冗余的软法[J].行政法学研究,2008,(02).
[17]杨海坤,张开俊.软法国内化的演变及其存在的问题——对“软法亦法”观点的商榷[J].法制与社会发展,2012,(06).
[18]江必新.论软法效力——兼论法律效力之本源[J].中外法学,2011,(06).
[19]方世荣,论公法领域中软法实施的资源保障[J].法商研究,2013,(03).
[20]阴群.什么是区域化党建[N].学习时报,2011-10-10.
[21]唐文玉.区域化党建与执政党对社会的有机整合[J].中共中央党校学报,2012,(01).
[22]黄锐波.重申公共理性:协商民主视野下的公民德性观[J].深圳大学学报(人文社会科学版),2017,(02).