旅游民俗学的学科基础与民俗叙事问题研究
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摘要
民俗旅游是社会热点,也是学界显学。民俗旅游研究火爆,旅游民俗研究稀少是其现状,建立旅游民俗学的学科框架迫在眉睫。旅游民俗学是以民俗学的视角对于民俗旅游与旅游民俗进行科学研究、对于民俗旅游产业和旅游民俗文化事业开展社会服务的一门科学。旅游民俗学有着四个方面的重要研究内容:一是可用于旅游的民俗资源及其转化研究,二是对于民俗旅游的经济研究与服务,三是对于旅游者与从业者的研究与服务,四是对于旅游与民俗文化传承及其社会发展问题的研究。民俗学首先需要更新自我对于民俗的解释,才可能为民俗旅游产业提供服务。民俗的核心属性是构建认同,叙事是民俗的存在形式,通过民俗叙事拓展民俗旅游研究的空间,是民俗学家的独特优势。以语言叙事、仪式表演行为叙事和景观叙事为一体的民俗大叙事观,是旅游民俗学的研究入口。大叙事学说,民俗认同学说,可以此为基础构建旅游民俗学研究的话语系统。民俗表演的观赏性与民俗景观的观赏性,都是民俗叙事的再生产的重要内容。把民俗叙事研究定位为旅游民俗学的学科基础和前提,是因为民俗旅游不能离开民俗叙事而存在。
The folkways tourism is the social hot topic and a popular subject of study. It is current situation that the research of folklore tourism is hot while tourism folkways research is few. So it is urgent to establish the tourism folklore discipline structure. The tourism folklore is a science for the scientific research of folkways tourism and tourism folkways and also for the social service to folkways tourism industry and tourism folkways culture undertakings. The tourism folklore has four important studies: the first is the folkways resources and their changes; the second is the economic study and service; the third is the study and service of tourists and employees; and the last is the study of coherence of tourism and culture and social development. The folklore has to renew the explanations of local customs so as to provide services to tourism industry. The core nature of folklore is to establish the common things. The narration is the existence form for the folkways. It is the folklorists' typical advantage to enlarge the folkways tourism study fields by folkways narration.
The folkways tourism is the social hot topic and a popular subject of study. It is current situation that the research of folklore tourism is hot while tourism folkways research is few. So it is urgent to establish the tourism folklore discipline structure. The tourism folklore is a science for the scientific research of folkways tourism and tourism folkways and also for the social service to folkways tourism industry and tourism folkways culture undertakings. The tourism folklore has four important studies: the first is the folkways resources and their changes; the second is the economic study and service; the third is the study and service of tourists and employees; and the last is the study of coherence of tourism and culture and social development. The folklore has to renew the explanations of local customs so as to provide services to tourism industry. The core nature of folklore is to establish the common things. The narration is the existence form for the folkways. It is the folklorists' typical advantage to enlarge the folkways tourism study fields by folkways narration.
引文
[1]江绍原.中国古代旅行之研究[M].上海:上海商务印书馆,1937.
[2]何学威.经济民俗学[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2000.
[3]张群.江绍原《中国古代旅行之研究》新探[J].旅游论坛,2013,(1):96-101.
[4]莫高.民俗与旅游[J].民俗研究,1985,(1):42-44.
[5]西敬亭,叶涛.民俗旅游,一个尚待开拓的领域[J].民间文艺季刊,1990,(3):110-111.
[6]刘其印.让游客到民俗气氛中去感受异域风情[J].民俗研究,1995,(1):15-16.
[7]李慕寒.试论民俗旅游的类型及其区域特征[J].民俗研究,1993,(2):95-98.
[8]陶思炎.略论民俗旅游[J].旅游学刊,1997,(2):37-40.
[9]黄德烈.民俗旅游与旅游民俗的辨析[J].黑龙江社会科学,2006,(3):109-110.
[10]何学威.旅游民俗学:极富魅力的应用科学[J].民俗研究,1989,(2):33-36.
[11]吴忠军.民俗旅游学论纲[J].旅游学刊(旅游教育专刊),1998,(12):75-78.
[12]邱扶东.民俗旅游学[M].上海:立信会计出版社,2006:73.
[13]刘铁梁.村庄记忆——民俗学参与文化发展的一种学术路径[J].温州大学学报(社会科学版),2013,(5):3-12.
[14]于凤贵.人际交往模式的改变与社会组织的重构——现代旅游的民俗学研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014.
[15]田兆元,阳玉平.中国新时期民俗学研究[J].社会科学家,2014,(6):3-6.
[16]田兆元.经济民俗学:探索认同性经济的轨迹[J].华东师范大学学报,2014,(2):88-96.
[17]余红艳.走向景观叙事——传说形态与功能的当代演变研究[J].华东师范大学学报,2014,(2):110-117.
[18]程鹏.文化遗产旅游的民俗叙事研究——以泰山为例[D].上海:华东师范大学,2016.
(1)参见:中国知网“旅游人类学”“旅游社会学”和“旅游民俗学”标题搜索结果。
(1)参加雪峰山生态旅游有限公司董事长陈黎明微型朋友圈。
(2)中华人民共和国国家旅游局网:http://www.cnta.gov.cn/zdgz/lyrc/201606/t20160607_773436.shtml
(1)欣欣旅游网http://zhangjiajie.cncn.com/jingdian/meilixiangxi/info_16377.htm
[2]何学威.经济民俗学[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2000.
[3]张群.江绍原《中国古代旅行之研究》新探[J].旅游论坛,2013,(1):96-101.
[4]莫高.民俗与旅游[J].民俗研究,1985,(1):42-44.
[5]西敬亭,叶涛.民俗旅游,一个尚待开拓的领域[J].民间文艺季刊,1990,(3):110-111.
[6]刘其印.让游客到民俗气氛中去感受异域风情[J].民俗研究,1995,(1):15-16.
[7]李慕寒.试论民俗旅游的类型及其区域特征[J].民俗研究,1993,(2):95-98.
[8]陶思炎.略论民俗旅游[J].旅游学刊,1997,(2):37-40.
[9]黄德烈.民俗旅游与旅游民俗的辨析[J].黑龙江社会科学,2006,(3):109-110.
[10]何学威.旅游民俗学:极富魅力的应用科学[J].民俗研究,1989,(2):33-36.
[11]吴忠军.民俗旅游学论纲[J].旅游学刊(旅游教育专刊),1998,(12):75-78.
[12]邱扶东.民俗旅游学[M].上海:立信会计出版社,2006:73.
[13]刘铁梁.村庄记忆——民俗学参与文化发展的一种学术路径[J].温州大学学报(社会科学版),2013,(5):3-12.
[14]于凤贵.人际交往模式的改变与社会组织的重构——现代旅游的民俗学研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014.
[15]田兆元,阳玉平.中国新时期民俗学研究[J].社会科学家,2014,(6):3-6.
[16]田兆元.经济民俗学:探索认同性经济的轨迹[J].华东师范大学学报,2014,(2):88-96.
[17]余红艳.走向景观叙事——传说形态与功能的当代演变研究[J].华东师范大学学报,2014,(2):110-117.
[18]程鹏.文化遗产旅游的民俗叙事研究——以泰山为例[D].上海:华东师范大学,2016.
(1)参见:中国知网“旅游人类学”“旅游社会学”和“旅游民俗学”标题搜索结果。
(1)参加雪峰山生态旅游有限公司董事长陈黎明微型朋友圈。
(2)中华人民共和国国家旅游局网:http://www.cnta.gov.cn/zdgz/lyrc/201606/t20160607_773436.shtml
(1)欣欣旅游网http://zhangjiajie.cncn.com/jingdian/meilixiangxi/info_16377.htm