气候因子对稻米品质形成及其影响机制的研究进展
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摘要
稻(Oryza sativa L.)米品质形成除受遗传因素影响外,气候因子发挥着很大作用,不仅直接影响稻米充实度、干物质积累速率及花粉育性,同时也对子粒淀粉合成相关酶活性有显著的调控效应,进而影响稻米品质形成。综合分析温度和光照两个主要气候因子对碾米品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质和营养品质的影响,结果表明,日平均温度低,昼夜温差大,光照度强和日照长度短有利于稻米整精米率和胶稠度提高,垩白率和垩白度降低,蛋白质减少;日平均温度高,昼夜温差小,光照度弱和日照长度短有利于碱消值和直链淀粉减少。在生产上,针对不同的气候条件,选择抗逆性强的水稻品种,耐高温、高光照或低温;加强天气预测,根据水稻灌浆结实期可能发生的天气状况,人工调节移栽日期以避过不利天气状况,同时配以合适的栽培管理措施以提高稻米品质。
Besides genetic factors, climatic factors play an important role in rice(Oryza sativa L.) quality formation. In the process of growth and development of rice,climatic factors not only have some impact on enrich degree in rice,dry matter accumulation rate and pollen fertility and other aspects,also affect rice starch synthesis-related activity changes,and these are important factors in the formation of rice quality. The impact of climatic factors in the temperature and light were reviewed four aspects:milling quality,appearance quality,cooking and eating quality and nutritional quality. The results showed that the suitable temperature and light conditions were favorable for the improvement of head rice rate and rice gel consistency, reducing chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree,decreasing protein content,which were low in daily mean temperature, large temperature difference between night and day,strong light and short of sunshine length. The suitable temperature and light conditions for reducing the alkali value and reducing amylose content were high daily temperature, small diurnal temperature difference,weak light intensity and short sunshine length. In production,according to the different climatic conditions,choose rice varieties with strong stress resistance,such as thermostability,high light or low temperature. Strengthening weather forecast,according to the rice filling stage of possible weather conditions,manual adjustment to avoid adverse weather conditions at the same time with the transplanting date,suitable cultivation management plays an important role in improving the quality of rice.
Besides genetic factors, climatic factors play an important role in rice(Oryza sativa L.) quality formation. In the process of growth and development of rice,climatic factors not only have some impact on enrich degree in rice,dry matter accumulation rate and pollen fertility and other aspects,also affect rice starch synthesis-related activity changes,and these are important factors in the formation of rice quality. The impact of climatic factors in the temperature and light were reviewed four aspects:milling quality,appearance quality,cooking and eating quality and nutritional quality. The results showed that the suitable temperature and light conditions were favorable for the improvement of head rice rate and rice gel consistency, reducing chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree,decreasing protein content,which were low in daily mean temperature, large temperature difference between night and day,strong light and short of sunshine length. The suitable temperature and light conditions for reducing the alkali value and reducing amylose content were high daily temperature, small diurnal temperature difference,weak light intensity and short sunshine length. In production,according to the different climatic conditions,choose rice varieties with strong stress resistance,such as thermostability,high light or low temperature. Strengthening weather forecast,according to the rice filling stage of possible weather conditions,manual adjustment to avoid adverse weather conditions at the same time with the transplanting date,suitable cultivation management plays an important role in improving the quality of rice.
引文
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[10]李天.温光对水稻籽粒碳水化合物代谢及品质的影响[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2005.
[11]王忠华,俞挺捷.稻米淀粉品质形成的关键酶及其分子生物学研究进展[J].植物学通报,2009,25(6):741-752.
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[15]张桂莲,陈立云,张顺堂,等.高温胁迫对水稻花器官和产量构成要素及稻米品质的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,33(2):132-136.
[16]谢晓金,李秉柏,李映雪,等.抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻产量构成要素和品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(3):411-415.
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[18]孟亚利,周国治.结实期温度与稻米品质的关系[J].中国水稻科学,1997,11(1):51-54.
[19] YAWINDER S D,HAR P S,GURDIAL S S. Physico chemical milling and cooking quality of rice as affected by sowing and transplanting dates[J].Journal of the Science of Food and A-griculture,1986,37:881-887.
[20]盛婧,陶红娟,陈留根.灌浆结实期不同时段温度对水稻结实与稻米品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(4):396-402.
[21]陈能,李太贵.早籼稻胚乳充实过程中温度变化对垩白形成的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2001,13(2):103-106.
[22]袁莉民,常二华,徐伟,等.结实期低温对杂交水稻胚乳结构的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(1):96-102.
[23]徐富贤,郑家奎,朱永川,等.灌浆期气象因子对杂交中籼稻米碾米品质和外观品质的影响[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(1):73-77.
[24] HAMAKER B R,GRIFFIN V K. Effect of disulfide bond containing protein on rice starch gelatinization and pasting[J].Cereal Chemistry,1993,70:377-380.
[25]刘宜柏,吴慧光,孙义伟.稻米蛋白质含量的初步研究[J].江西农业大学学报,1982(2):94-101.
[26]于永红,朱智伟,程方民.稻米的脂肪[J].中国稻米,2006(3):12-13.
[27]周德翼,张嵩午.稻米直链淀粉含量与结实期温度间的关系研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1994,22(2):1-5.
[28]朱碧岩,程方民.稻米直链淀粉含量形成动态及结实期温度的影响[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000(1):94-98.
[29]程方民,丁元树,朱碧岩.稻米直链淀粉含量的形成及其与灌浆结实期温度的关系[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):646-652.
[30]李刚,邓其明,李双成,等.稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与品质性状的相关性[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(1):99-102.
[31]舒庆晓,吴殿星,夏英武,等.稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与食用品质的关系[J].中国农业科学,1998,31(3):25-29.
[32]曹云英.高温对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理机制[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,2009.
[33] COSTS G B. On the multiple melting transitions of starch/monoglyceride systems[J].Food Chemistry,1986,22:279-295.
[34] CHOUDHURY N H. Effect of amylose content on the lipids of mature rice grains[J].Phytochemistry,1980,19:1385-1389.
[35]周广洽,李训贞.温光对稻米蛋白质及氨基酸含量的影响[J].生态学报,1997,17(5):537-542.
[36]梁成刚,陈利平,汪燕,等.高温对水稻灌浆期籽粒氮代谢关键酶活性及蛋白质含量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2010,24(4):398-402.
[37]张磊,吴冬云,朱碧岩,等.灌浆期不同温光对水稻叶、籽粒可溶性蛋白质及可溶性糖动态变化的影响[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,5(2):98-101.
[38]沈鹏,罗秋香,金正勋.稻米蛋白质与蒸煮食味品质关系研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2003,34(4):378-381.
[39] TASHIRO T,EBATA M,ISHIKAWA M. Studies on white belly rice kernel Ⅶ the most vunerable stages of kernel development for the occurrence of white belly[J].Japanese Journal ofCrop Science,1980,49(3):482-488.
[40]李林,沙国栋,陆景淮.水稻灌浆期温光因子对稻米品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,1989,10(3):33-38.
[41]殷正华.始穗后不同形式的遮光对稻米品质的影响[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2004.
[42]姜楠.遮光对北方粳稻产量和品质的形成及其生理机制的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2013.
[43]刘博,韩勇,解文孝,等.灌浆结实期弱光对水稻产量、生理及品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2008(5):36-40.
[44]张国发,丁艳锋.温光因子对稻米品质影响的研究进展[J].中国稻米,2004(1):11-14.
[45]董明辉,惠锋,顾俊荣,等.灌浆期不同光强对水稻不同粒位籽粒品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(2):164-170.
[46]本庄一雄.稻米蛋白质含量的研究Ⅱ稻体内氮素和齐穗期追肥氮素向穗部的运转[J].日本作物学会纪事,1979(48):517-524.
[47]贺浩华,彭小松,刘宜柏.环境条件对稻米品质的影响[J].江西农业学报,1997(4):66-72.
[2]王茂青.稻米品质性状的QTL定位及遗传分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2007.
[3]马玉银,王如平,左示敏,等.环境因子对稻米品质性状的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(19):8032-8034.
[4]何秀英,廖耀平,程永盛,等.水稻品质研究进展与展望[J].广东农业科学,2009(1):11-16.
[5]孟亚利,高如嵩,张嵩午.影响稻米品质的主要气候生态因子研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1994,22(1):40-43.
[6]周德翼,张嵩午,高如嵩,等.稻米综合品质与结实期气象因子的关系研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1994,22(2):6-10.
[7]程方民,张嵩午.水稻籽粒灌浆过程中稻米品质动态变化及温度影响效应[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),1999,25(4):347-350.
[8]程方民,朱碧岩.气象生态因子对稻米品质影响的研究进展[J].中国农业气象,1998,19(5):39-45.
[9]任万军,杨文钰,徐精文,等.弱光对水稻籽粒生长及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2003,29(5):785-790.
[10]李天.温光对水稻籽粒碳水化合物代谢及品质的影响[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2005.
[11]王忠华,俞挺捷.稻米淀粉品质形成的关键酶及其分子生物学研究进展[J].植物学通报,2009,25(6):741-752.
[12]王忠,顾蕴洁,陈刚,等.稻米的品质和影响因素[J].分子植物育种,2003,1(2):231-241.
[13]朱碧岩,程方民,吴永常.结实期温度对稻米粒重和整精米率形成动态的影响[J].西北农业学报,1996,5(4):31-35.
[14]程方民,张蒿午.灌浆结实期温度对稻米垩白形成的影响[J].西北农业学报,1996,5(2):31-34.
[15]张桂莲,陈立云,张顺堂,等.高温胁迫对水稻花器官和产量构成要素及稻米品质的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2007,33(2):132-136.
[16]谢晓金,李秉柏,李映雪,等.抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻产量构成要素和品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,2010,31(3):411-415.
[17] HO C H,YANG C M,HSIAO C L,et al. Changes of climatic variables during grain-filling stage affect yield and quality ofrice cultivars bred from different regions in Taiwan[J].Agri-cultural Research in Taiwan,2013,62(4):321-339.
[18]孟亚利,周国治.结实期温度与稻米品质的关系[J].中国水稻科学,1997,11(1):51-54.
[19] YAWINDER S D,HAR P S,GURDIAL S S. Physico chemical milling and cooking quality of rice as affected by sowing and transplanting dates[J].Journal of the Science of Food and A-griculture,1986,37:881-887.
[20]盛婧,陶红娟,陈留根.灌浆结实期不同时段温度对水稻结实与稻米品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(4):396-402.
[21]陈能,李太贵.早籼稻胚乳充实过程中温度变化对垩白形成的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2001,13(2):103-106.
[22]袁莉民,常二华,徐伟,等.结实期低温对杂交水稻胚乳结构的影响[J].作物学报,2006,32(1):96-102.
[23]徐富贤,郑家奎,朱永川,等.灌浆期气象因子对杂交中籼稻米碾米品质和外观品质的影响[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(1):73-77.
[24] HAMAKER B R,GRIFFIN V K. Effect of disulfide bond containing protein on rice starch gelatinization and pasting[J].Cereal Chemistry,1993,70:377-380.
[25]刘宜柏,吴慧光,孙义伟.稻米蛋白质含量的初步研究[J].江西农业大学学报,1982(2):94-101.
[26]于永红,朱智伟,程方民.稻米的脂肪[J].中国稻米,2006(3):12-13.
[27]周德翼,张嵩午.稻米直链淀粉含量与结实期温度间的关系研究[J].西北农业大学学报,1994,22(2):1-5.
[28]朱碧岩,程方民.稻米直链淀粉含量形成动态及结实期温度的影响[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000(1):94-98.
[29]程方民,丁元树,朱碧岩.稻米直链淀粉含量的形成及其与灌浆结实期温度的关系[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):646-652.
[30]李刚,邓其明,李双成,等.稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与品质性状的相关性[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(1):99-102.
[31]舒庆晓,吴殿星,夏英武,等.稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与食用品质的关系[J].中国农业科学,1998,31(3):25-29.
[32]曹云英.高温对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理机制[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,2009.
[33] COSTS G B. On the multiple melting transitions of starch/monoglyceride systems[J].Food Chemistry,1986,22:279-295.
[34] CHOUDHURY N H. Effect of amylose content on the lipids of mature rice grains[J].Phytochemistry,1980,19:1385-1389.
[35]周广洽,李训贞.温光对稻米蛋白质及氨基酸含量的影响[J].生态学报,1997,17(5):537-542.
[36]梁成刚,陈利平,汪燕,等.高温对水稻灌浆期籽粒氮代谢关键酶活性及蛋白质含量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2010,24(4):398-402.
[37]张磊,吴冬云,朱碧岩,等.灌浆期不同温光对水稻叶、籽粒可溶性蛋白质及可溶性糖动态变化的影响[J].华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2002,5(2):98-101.
[38]沈鹏,罗秋香,金正勋.稻米蛋白质与蒸煮食味品质关系研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2003,34(4):378-381.
[39] TASHIRO T,EBATA M,ISHIKAWA M. Studies on white belly rice kernel Ⅶ the most vunerable stages of kernel development for the occurrence of white belly[J].Japanese Journal ofCrop Science,1980,49(3):482-488.
[40]李林,沙国栋,陆景淮.水稻灌浆期温光因子对稻米品质的影响[J].中国农业气象,1989,10(3):33-38.
[41]殷正华.始穗后不同形式的遮光对稻米品质的影响[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2004.
[42]姜楠.遮光对北方粳稻产量和品质的形成及其生理机制的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2013.
[43]刘博,韩勇,解文孝,等.灌浆结实期弱光对水稻产量、生理及品质的影响[J].中国稻米,2008(5):36-40.
[44]张国发,丁艳锋.温光因子对稻米品质影响的研究进展[J].中国稻米,2004(1):11-14.
[45]董明辉,惠锋,顾俊荣,等.灌浆期不同光强对水稻不同粒位籽粒品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(2):164-170.
[46]本庄一雄.稻米蛋白质含量的研究Ⅱ稻体内氮素和齐穗期追肥氮素向穗部的运转[J].日本作物学会纪事,1979(48):517-524.
[47]贺浩华,彭小松,刘宜柏.环境条件对稻米品质的影响[J].江西农业学报,1997(4):66-72.