基于气候承载力评估的城市气候地图方法研究——以厦门市为例
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摘要
作为城市气候学与城市建设的桥梁,城市气候地图是科学引导城市设计与发展决策的重要工具。从下垫面形态与城市气候的相关性切入,以问题解决与成本控制为导向,提出基于气候承载力评估的城市气候地图研究方法,实现了由传统的优化城市气候现状向管控城市建设负面气候效应的思路进化,从而为复杂条件下的气候适应性城市设计策略获取提供框架。厦门的实证研究证明,由该方法编制的城市气候地图能够实现城市气候研究对城市设计的量化引导,有助于城市设计策略获取的精细化。
As a medium between urban climatology and urban development, urban climate map may scientifically guide decision making and urban design. According to the correlation analysis between urban climate and the morphology of underlying surface, with the idea of problems-solving and cost-control, aiming at controlling negative impacts of urban development on climatic environment beyond ideally improving urban climatic environment, new approaches to compile urban climate map anchored in climate carrying capacity assessment are explored to afford a necessary framework for climate adapted urban design strategy making under complex conditions. Findings show, the urban climate map produced with the mentioned approaches for Xiamen may lay a foundation for generating accurate urban design strategies along with providing quantitative guidance from urban climate research.
As a medium between urban climatology and urban development, urban climate map may scientifically guide decision making and urban design. According to the correlation analysis between urban climate and the morphology of underlying surface, with the idea of problems-solving and cost-control, aiming at controlling negative impacts of urban development on climatic environment beyond ideally improving urban climatic environment, new approaches to compile urban climate map anchored in climate carrying capacity assessment are explored to afford a necessary framework for climate adapted urban design strategy making under complex conditions. Findings show, the urban climate map produced with the mentioned approaches for Xiamen may lay a foundation for generating accurate urban design strategies along with providing quantitative guidance from urban climate research.
引文
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(1)借用生物化学中耐受(tolerance)一词,用在此处表示土地对地表热储存提升措施的忍耐能力强,不易升温。
[2]REN Chao,NG Edward Yan-yung,KATZSCHNER L.Urban Climatic Map Studies:A Review[J].International Journal of Climatology,2011(15):2213-2233.
[3]刘姝宇.城市气候研究在中德城市规划中的整合途径比较[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2014.
[4]冷红,袁青.城市微气候环境控制及优化的国际经验及启示[J].国际城市规划,2014(6):114-119.
[5]林姚宇,王丹,单樑,等.深圳国际低碳城环境气候图集编制方法与应用技术研究[J].建筑经济,2014(2):84-91.
[6]贺晓冬,苗世光,窦晶晶,等.北京城市气候图系统的初步建立[J].南京大学学报:自然科学,2014(6):759-771.
[7]KATZSCHNER L,MAAS A,SCHNEIDER A.Das St?dtische Mikroklima:Analyse Für Die Stadt-und Geb?udeplanung[J].Bauphysik,2009(1):18-24.
[8]任超,吴恩融.城市环境气候图-可持续城市规划辅助信息系统工具[M].北京:中国建筑工程出版社,2012.
[9]MATZARAKIS A,R?CKLE R,RICHTER C J,et al.Planungsrelevante Bewertung des Stadtklimas-Am Beispiel von Freiburg im Breisgau[J].Gefahrstoffe-Reinhaltung der Luft,2008(8):334-340.
[10]Verband Region Stuttgart.Klimaatlas Region Stuttgart[R].Stuttgart:Verband Region Stuttgart,2008.
[11]於琍,卢燕宇,黄玮,等.气候承载力评估的意义及基本方法[G]//王伟光,郑国光,巢清尘,等.气候变化绿皮书:应对气候变化报告(2015).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2015:289-301.
[12]FEZER F.Das Klima der St?dte[M].Gotha:Perthes,1995.
[13]KRESS R.Regionale luftaustauschprozesse und ihre Bedeutung für die r?umliche planung[M].Dortmund:Institut für Umweltschutz der Universit?t Dortmund,1979.
[14]朱瑞兆.风与城市规划[J].气象科技,1980(4):3-6.
[15]刘姝宇,沈济黄.基于局地环流的城市通风道规划方法--以德国斯图加特市为例[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2010(10):1985-1991.
[16]HORBERT M.Klimatologische Aspekte der Stadt-und Landschaftsplanung[M].Berlin:Technische Universit?t Berlin Universit?tsbibliothek,2000.
[17]MAN Singwong,NICHOL J E,PUI Hangto,et al.A Simple Method for Designation of Urban Ventilation Corridors and its Application to Urban Heat Island Analysis[J].Building and Environment,2010(8):1880-1889.
[18]STOCK P.Synthetische Klimafunktionskarte Ruhrgebiet[M].Essen:Kommunalverband Ruhrgebiet,1992.
[19]徐涵秋,陈本清.城市热岛与城市空间发展的关系探讨-以厦门市为例[J].城市发展研究,2004(2):65-70.
(1)借用生物化学中耐受(tolerance)一词,用在此处表示土地对地表热储存提升措施的忍耐能力强,不易升温。