考虑短舱安装参数的全机气动外形优化设计
|
摘要
针对跨声速宽体客机机翼、机身、短舱、挂架、平尾、垂尾全机构型中各部件之间存在的气动干扰和力矩耦合问题,采用多块拼接自由变形(FFD)方法进行全机多部件的参数化,利用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程(RANS)进行流场求解,结合离散伴随技术和序列二次规划优化算法进行考虑短舱安装参数变化和平尾配平的气动外形优化设计。经过优化之后,短舱附近机翼的压力分布形态变光顺,设计点阻力减小3.82%,并且获得了无激波的压力分布形态。
An aerodynamic optimization research of multi-component coupling design is carried out for the aerodynamic interference and torque coupling problems in the full configuration. The components are parameterized by the multiblock free form deformation(FFD) method and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) method is used to evaluate the aerodynamics of the aircraft. The derivative of an aerodynamic objective function and geometric constraints on the large-scale design variables are obtained quickly and efficiently by using a discrete adjoint technique. Bases on a sequence quadratic programming algorithm(SQP), the aerodynamic optimization design considering the nacelle position change and tail-twist trimming is performed. Optimization result shows that the aerodynamic interference between the nacelle and the wing is slightly reduced, the design point resistance reduces by 3.82%, and the shock free pressure distribution is obtained.
An aerodynamic optimization research of multi-component coupling design is carried out for the aerodynamic interference and torque coupling problems in the full configuration. The components are parameterized by the multiblock free form deformation(FFD) method and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) method is used to evaluate the aerodynamics of the aircraft. The derivative of an aerodynamic objective function and geometric constraints on the large-scale design variables are obtained quickly and efficiently by using a discrete adjoint technique. Bases on a sequence quadratic programming algorithm(SQP), the aerodynamic optimization design considering the nacelle position change and tail-twist trimming is performed. Optimization result shows that the aerodynamic interference between the nacelle and the wing is slightly reduced, the design point resistance reduces by 3.82%, and the shock free pressure distribution is obtained.
引文
[1]许瑞飞,邓一菊,钱瑞战.气动优化设计及其CFD的需求[J].航空科学技术,2011(2):50-52.XU Ruifei,DENG Yiju,QIAN Ruizhan.Aerodynamic optimization design and the demand for CFD[J].Aviation Science and Technology,2011(2):50-52.
[2]张淼,刘铁军,马涂亮,等.基于CFD方法的大型客机高速气动设计[J].航空学报,2016,37(1):244-254.ZHANG Miao,LIU Tiejun,MA Tuliang,et al.High speed aerodynamic design of large passenger aircraft based on CFD method[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(1):244-254.
[3]刘晓静,吴江浩,张曙光.250座级翼身融合布局客机气动设计与优化[J].空气动力学学报,2011,29(1):78-84.LIU Xiaojing,WU Jianghao,ZHANG Shuguang.Aerodynamic design and optimization of the blended wing body aircraft for 250passengers[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2011,29(1):78-84.
[4]LYU Z,XU Z,MARTINS J R R A.Benchmarking optimization algorithms for wing aerodynamic design optimization[C]∥Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics.Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press,2014:1-18.
[5]PALACIOS F,ALONSO J,DURAISAMY K,et al.Stanford University Unstructured(SU 2):an opensource integrated computational environment for multiphysics simulation and design[C]∥Proceedings of the51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition.Reston,VA,USA:AIAA,2013:1-60.
[6]OSUSKY L,ZINGG D W.Application of an efficient Newton-Krylov algorithm for aerodynamic shape optimization based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations[C]∥Proceedings of the 21st AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference.Reston,VA,USA:AIAA,2013:1-17.
[7]LYU Z,KENWAY G K,PAIGE C,et al.Automatic differentiation adjoint of the Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations with a turbulence model[C]∥Proceedings of the 21st AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference.Reston,VA,USA:AIAA,2013:1-24.
[8]左英桃,傅林,高正红,等.机翼-机身-短舱-挂架外形气动优化设计方法[J].航空动力学报,2013,28(9):2009-2015.ZUO Yingtao,FU Lin,GAO Zhenghong,et al.Aerodynamic optimization design of wing-body-nacellepylon configuration[J].Journal of Aeronautics,2013,28(9):2009-2015.
[9]熊俊涛,乔志德,杨旭东,等.基于黏性伴随方法的跨声速机翼气动优化设计[J].航空学报,2007,28(2):281-285.XIONG Juntao,QIAO Zhide,YANG Xudong,et al.Optimum aerodynamic design of transonic wing based on viscous adjoint method[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2007,28(2):281-285.
[10]陈颂,白俊强,史亚云,等.民用客机机翼/机身/平尾构型气动外形优化设计[J].航空学报,2015,36(10):3195-3207.CHEN Song,BAI Junqiang,SHI Yayun,et al.Aerodynamic shape optimization design of civil jet wingbody-tail configuration[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2015,36(10):3195-3207.
[11]朱玉杰,琚亚平,戴韧,等.叶栅气动反问题的伴随优化解法及应用[J].西安交通大学学报,2017,51(9):138-144.ZHU Yujie,JU Yaping,DAI Ren,et al.Adjoint optimization method for aerodynamic inverse problem of cascades[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2017,51(9):138-144.
[12]卢娟,张朝磊,丰镇平.离散伴随气动优化设计方法的紊流扩展[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(1):37-42.LU Juan,ZHANG Chaolei,FENG Zhenping.Extension to turbulent flow and numerical verification for aerodynamic optimization design method based on discrete adjoint theory[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2013,47(1):37-42.
[13]郭同彪,白俊强,李立,等.民用客机变弯度机翼优化设计[J].中国科学:技术科学,2018,48(1):55-66.GUO Tongbiao,BAI Junqiang,LI Li,et al.The morphing trailing-edge wing optimization design of the civil aircraft[J].Scientia Sinica:Technologica,2018,48(1):55-66.
[14]SAAD Y,SCHULTZ M H.GMRES:ageneralized minimal residual algorithm for solving non-symmetric linear systems[J].SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing,1986,7(3):856-869.
[15]SEDERBERG T W,PARRY S R.Free-form deformation of solid geometric models[J].Computer Graphics(ACM),1986,20(4):151-160.
[16]UYTTERSPROT L.Inverse distance weighting mesh deformation[D].Delft,Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2014:1-40.
[17]GILL P E,MURRAY W,SAUNDERS M A.SNOPT:an SQP algorithm for large-scale constrained optimization[J].SIAM Review,2005,47(1):99-131.
[18]韩忠华,张瑜,许晨舟,等.基于代理模型的大型民机机翼气动优化设计[J].航空学报,2018,40(1):522398.HAN Zhonghua,ZHANG Yu,XU Chenzhou,et al.Aerodynamic shape optimization of large transport aircraft wings using surrogate-based approach[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2018,40(1):522398.
[19]KENWAY G K W,MARTINS J R R A.Multipoint high-fidelity aerostructural optimization of a transport aircraft configuration[J].Journal of Aircraft,2014,51(1):144-160.
[2]张淼,刘铁军,马涂亮,等.基于CFD方法的大型客机高速气动设计[J].航空学报,2016,37(1):244-254.ZHANG Miao,LIU Tiejun,MA Tuliang,et al.High speed aerodynamic design of large passenger aircraft based on CFD method[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2016,37(1):244-254.
[3]刘晓静,吴江浩,张曙光.250座级翼身融合布局客机气动设计与优化[J].空气动力学学报,2011,29(1):78-84.LIU Xiaojing,WU Jianghao,ZHANG Shuguang.Aerodynamic design and optimization of the blended wing body aircraft for 250passengers[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2011,29(1):78-84.
[4]LYU Z,XU Z,MARTINS J R R A.Benchmarking optimization algorithms for wing aerodynamic design optimization[C]∥Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics.Oxford,UK:Oxford University Press,2014:1-18.
[5]PALACIOS F,ALONSO J,DURAISAMY K,et al.Stanford University Unstructured(SU 2):an opensource integrated computational environment for multiphysics simulation and design[C]∥Proceedings of the51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition.Reston,VA,USA:AIAA,2013:1-60.
[6]OSUSKY L,ZINGG D W.Application of an efficient Newton-Krylov algorithm for aerodynamic shape optimization based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations[C]∥Proceedings of the 21st AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference.Reston,VA,USA:AIAA,2013:1-17.
[7]LYU Z,KENWAY G K,PAIGE C,et al.Automatic differentiation adjoint of the Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations with a turbulence model[C]∥Proceedings of the 21st AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference.Reston,VA,USA:AIAA,2013:1-24.
[8]左英桃,傅林,高正红,等.机翼-机身-短舱-挂架外形气动优化设计方法[J].航空动力学报,2013,28(9):2009-2015.ZUO Yingtao,FU Lin,GAO Zhenghong,et al.Aerodynamic optimization design of wing-body-nacellepylon configuration[J].Journal of Aeronautics,2013,28(9):2009-2015.
[9]熊俊涛,乔志德,杨旭东,等.基于黏性伴随方法的跨声速机翼气动优化设计[J].航空学报,2007,28(2):281-285.XIONG Juntao,QIAO Zhide,YANG Xudong,et al.Optimum aerodynamic design of transonic wing based on viscous adjoint method[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2007,28(2):281-285.
[10]陈颂,白俊强,史亚云,等.民用客机机翼/机身/平尾构型气动外形优化设计[J].航空学报,2015,36(10):3195-3207.CHEN Song,BAI Junqiang,SHI Yayun,et al.Aerodynamic shape optimization design of civil jet wingbody-tail configuration[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2015,36(10):3195-3207.
[11]朱玉杰,琚亚平,戴韧,等.叶栅气动反问题的伴随优化解法及应用[J].西安交通大学学报,2017,51(9):138-144.ZHU Yujie,JU Yaping,DAI Ren,et al.Adjoint optimization method for aerodynamic inverse problem of cascades[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2017,51(9):138-144.
[12]卢娟,张朝磊,丰镇平.离散伴随气动优化设计方法的紊流扩展[J].西安交通大学学报,2013,47(1):37-42.LU Juan,ZHANG Chaolei,FENG Zhenping.Extension to turbulent flow and numerical verification for aerodynamic optimization design method based on discrete adjoint theory[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2013,47(1):37-42.
[13]郭同彪,白俊强,李立,等.民用客机变弯度机翼优化设计[J].中国科学:技术科学,2018,48(1):55-66.GUO Tongbiao,BAI Junqiang,LI Li,et al.The morphing trailing-edge wing optimization design of the civil aircraft[J].Scientia Sinica:Technologica,2018,48(1):55-66.
[14]SAAD Y,SCHULTZ M H.GMRES:ageneralized minimal residual algorithm for solving non-symmetric linear systems[J].SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing,1986,7(3):856-869.
[15]SEDERBERG T W,PARRY S R.Free-form deformation of solid geometric models[J].Computer Graphics(ACM),1986,20(4):151-160.
[16]UYTTERSPROT L.Inverse distance weighting mesh deformation[D].Delft,Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2014:1-40.
[17]GILL P E,MURRAY W,SAUNDERS M A.SNOPT:an SQP algorithm for large-scale constrained optimization[J].SIAM Review,2005,47(1):99-131.
[18]韩忠华,张瑜,许晨舟,等.基于代理模型的大型民机机翼气动优化设计[J].航空学报,2018,40(1):522398.HAN Zhonghua,ZHANG Yu,XU Chenzhou,et al.Aerodynamic shape optimization of large transport aircraft wings using surrogate-based approach[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2018,40(1):522398.
[19]KENWAY G K W,MARTINS J R R A.Multipoint high-fidelity aerostructural optimization of a transport aircraft configuration[J].Journal of Aircraft,2014,51(1):144-160.