井-含水层系统地下水类型定量分析和判别
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摘要
利用水位、气压和理论固体潮数据,采用卷积回归法中水位对气压的阶跃响应函数,定量地分析和判定了华北北部板桥井、大灰厂井、黄骅井、大甸子井、丰镇井和三号地井的井-含水层系统的地下水类型,并结合研究时段内各井的气压系数和M2波潮汐因子的结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:1各井的滞后时间与阶跃响应函数之间存在明显的以e为底的指数函数关系,且底数e的系数的正负决定了井-含水层系统的地下水类型;2承压井的阶跃响应函数随滞后时间的增大而增大,且最佳阶跃响应函数值越大,相应的气压系数和M2波潮汐因子也越大,反之亦然;3潜水井和半承压水井的阶跃响应函数随滞后时间的增大而减小,其最佳阶跃响应函数与气压系数和M2波潮汐因子间的关系不明显,可能与含水层的水力特性、井孔结构及固体潮汐波的频率有关.
In this study,we quantitatively analyzed and determined groundwater types of well-aquifer system for the wells Banqiao,Dahuichang,Huanghua,Dadianzi,Fengzhen and Sanhaodi by using water level,barometric pressure and theoretical earth tide.Furthermore,combining with step response function of water level to barometric pressure in convolutional regression,barometric coefficient and tidal factor of M_2 wave are comparatively analyzed for each well in the studied period.The results show that:1 an obvious exponential relationship exists between lag time and step response function with"e"as the bottom,and the sign symbol of the coefficient before the base "e"could determine groundwater types of well-aquifer system;2step response function is growingwith lag time increase for artesian wells,and the larger the optimal step response function value is,the larger barometric coefficient and tidal factor of M_2 wave are,and the reverse is also true;(3) step response function decreases with latency increase for phreatic and half artesian wells,and because of hydraulic characteristics of aquifer,borehole structures and frequency of solid tidal waves,the relationship between the optimal step response function and barometric coefficient,tidal factor of M_2 wave is inconspicuous.
In this study,we quantitatively analyzed and determined groundwater types of well-aquifer system for the wells Banqiao,Dahuichang,Huanghua,Dadianzi,Fengzhen and Sanhaodi by using water level,barometric pressure and theoretical earth tide.Furthermore,combining with step response function of water level to barometric pressure in convolutional regression,barometric coefficient and tidal factor of M_2 wave are comparatively analyzed for each well in the studied period.The results show that:1 an obvious exponential relationship exists between lag time and step response function with"e"as the bottom,and the sign symbol of the coefficient before the base "e"could determine groundwater types of well-aquifer system;2step response function is growingwith lag time increase for artesian wells,and the larger the optimal step response function value is,the larger barometric coefficient and tidal factor of M_2 wave are,and the reverse is also true;(3) step response function decreases with latency increase for phreatic and half artesian wells,and because of hydraulic characteristics of aquifer,borehole structures and frequency of solid tidal waves,the relationship between the optimal step response function and barometric coefficient,tidal factor of M_2 wave is inconspicuous.
引文
方慧娜.2013.利用地下水位气压效应反演汶川地震前后含水层参数的研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院:8--38.Fang H N.2013.Estimating Aquifer Parameters From Barometric-Pressure Effect of Groundwater Before and After Wenchuan Earthquake[D].Beijing:School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing):8--38(in Chinese).
国家地震局科技监测司.1995.地震地下水手册[M].北京:地震出版社:18--55.Department of Science and Technology Monitoring,State Seismological Bureau.1995.Earthquake Ground Water Handbook[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:18--55(in Chinese).
李春洪,陈益惠,田竹君.1990.井-含水层系统对固体潮的动态响应及其影响因素[J].中国地震,6(2):37--45.Li C H,Chen Y H,Tian Z J.1990.The dynamic response of well-aquifer system to earth tides and its influence factors[J].Earthquake Research in China,6(2):37--45(in Chinese).
李悦,姚会琴,张杰卿,邵永新.2015.2012年天津地区三次地震前水位对固体潮振幅响应计算分析[J].地震,35(1):131--139.Li Y,Yao H Q,Zhang J Q,Shao Y X.2015.Responses of groundwater level to earth tides amplitude before three 2012earthquakes in Tianjin area[J].Earthquake,35(1):131--139(in Chinese).
秦同洛,李璗,陈元千.1989.实用油藏工程方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社:64--66.Qin T L,Li D,Chen Y Q.1989.PracticalMethodsofReservoirEngineering[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press:64--66(in Chinese).
史浙明,王广才.2013.承压含水层地下水位固体潮潮汐因子和相位滞后与汶川地震的关系[J].中国科学:地球科学,43(7):1132--1140.Shi Z M,Wang G C.2013.Relationship between the Earth tidal factor and phase lag of groundwater levels in confined aquifers and the Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake of 2008[J].Science China Earth Sciences,56(10):1722--1730.
王大纯,张人权,史毅虹.1995.水文地质学基础[M].北京:地质出版社:23--29.Wang D C,Zhang R Q,Shi Y H.1995.General Hydrogeology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:23--29(in Chinese).
王丽亚,郭海朋,李文鹏,范珊珊,朱菊艳,凤蔚.2012.气压对观测井水位的影响及校正方法[J].水文地质工程地质,39(6):29--34.Wang L Y,Guo H P,Li W P,Fan S S,Zhu J Y,Feng W.2012.Impact of atmospheric loading on the water level in a well and methods for calibrating it[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,39(6):29--34(in Chinese).
杨柳,马建英,曹井泉,邵永新,刘文兵.2014.利用华北地区承压井水位资料反演含水层体应变[J].中国地震,30(2):249--259.Yang L,Ma J Y,Cao J Q,Shao Y X,Liu W B.2014.Inversion of the volumetric strain of aquifer according to the tidal effect of groundwater in the North China region[J].Earthquake Research in China,30(2):249--259(in Chinese).
张昭栋,郑金涵,冯初刚.1986.气压对水井水位观测的影响[J].地震,(1):42--46.Zhang Z D,Zheng J H,Feng C G.1986.Effects of atmospheric pressure on observations of well water level variations[J].Earthquake,(1):42--46(in Chinese).
张昭栋,郑金涵,冯初刚.1989.井水位的固体潮效应和气压效应与含水层参数间的定量关系[J].西北地震学报,11(3):47--52.Zhang Z D,Zheng J H,Feng C G.1989.Quantitative relationship between the earth tide effect of well water level,the barometric pressure effect and the parameters of aquifers[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,11(3):47--52(in Chinese).
张昭栋,郑金涵,冯初刚.1991.深井水位的固体潮效应[J].地震学报,13(1):66--75.Zhang Z D,Zheng J H,Feng C G.1991.Effect of earth tide on deep well water level[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,13(1):66--75(in Chinese).
赵丹,王广才.2013.地下水位气压效应的消除及主要气压影响分波的识别[J].中国科学:技术科学,43(1):79--86.Zhao D,Wang G C.2013.Removing barometric pressure effects from groundwater level and identifying main influential constituents[J].Science China Technological Sciences,56(1):129--136.
Darner R A,Sheets R A.2012.Using existing data to estimate aquifer properties,Great Lakes Region,USA[J].Groundwater,50(3):477--484.
Hussein M E A,Odling N E,Clark R A.2013.Borehole water level response to barometric pressure as an indicator of aquifer vulnerability[J].Water Resour Res,49(10):7102--7119.
Rasmussen T C,Crawford L A.1997.Identifying and removing barometric pressure effects in confined and unconfined aquifers[J].Groundwater,35(3):502--511.
Rojstaczer S.1988.Determination of fluid flow properties from the response of water levels in wells to atmospheric loading[J].Water Resour Res,24(11):1927--1938.
Toll N J,Rasmussen T C.2007.Removal of barometric pressure effects and earth tides from observed water levels[J].Ground Water,45(1):101--105.
国家地震局科技监测司.1995.地震地下水手册[M].北京:地震出版社:18--55.Department of Science and Technology Monitoring,State Seismological Bureau.1995.Earthquake Ground Water Handbook[M].Beijing:Seismological Press:18--55(in Chinese).
李春洪,陈益惠,田竹君.1990.井-含水层系统对固体潮的动态响应及其影响因素[J].中国地震,6(2):37--45.Li C H,Chen Y H,Tian Z J.1990.The dynamic response of well-aquifer system to earth tides and its influence factors[J].Earthquake Research in China,6(2):37--45(in Chinese).
李悦,姚会琴,张杰卿,邵永新.2015.2012年天津地区三次地震前水位对固体潮振幅响应计算分析[J].地震,35(1):131--139.Li Y,Yao H Q,Zhang J Q,Shao Y X.2015.Responses of groundwater level to earth tides amplitude before three 2012earthquakes in Tianjin area[J].Earthquake,35(1):131--139(in Chinese).
秦同洛,李璗,陈元千.1989.实用油藏工程方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社:64--66.Qin T L,Li D,Chen Y Q.1989.PracticalMethodsofReservoirEngineering[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press:64--66(in Chinese).
史浙明,王广才.2013.承压含水层地下水位固体潮潮汐因子和相位滞后与汶川地震的关系[J].中国科学:地球科学,43(7):1132--1140.Shi Z M,Wang G C.2013.Relationship between the Earth tidal factor and phase lag of groundwater levels in confined aquifers and the Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake of 2008[J].Science China Earth Sciences,56(10):1722--1730.
王大纯,张人权,史毅虹.1995.水文地质学基础[M].北京:地质出版社:23--29.Wang D C,Zhang R Q,Shi Y H.1995.General Hydrogeology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House:23--29(in Chinese).
王丽亚,郭海朋,李文鹏,范珊珊,朱菊艳,凤蔚.2012.气压对观测井水位的影响及校正方法[J].水文地质工程地质,39(6):29--34.Wang L Y,Guo H P,Li W P,Fan S S,Zhu J Y,Feng W.2012.Impact of atmospheric loading on the water level in a well and methods for calibrating it[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,39(6):29--34(in Chinese).
杨柳,马建英,曹井泉,邵永新,刘文兵.2014.利用华北地区承压井水位资料反演含水层体应变[J].中国地震,30(2):249--259.Yang L,Ma J Y,Cao J Q,Shao Y X,Liu W B.2014.Inversion of the volumetric strain of aquifer according to the tidal effect of groundwater in the North China region[J].Earthquake Research in China,30(2):249--259(in Chinese).
张昭栋,郑金涵,冯初刚.1986.气压对水井水位观测的影响[J].地震,(1):42--46.Zhang Z D,Zheng J H,Feng C G.1986.Effects of atmospheric pressure on observations of well water level variations[J].Earthquake,(1):42--46(in Chinese).
张昭栋,郑金涵,冯初刚.1989.井水位的固体潮效应和气压效应与含水层参数间的定量关系[J].西北地震学报,11(3):47--52.Zhang Z D,Zheng J H,Feng C G.1989.Quantitative relationship between the earth tide effect of well water level,the barometric pressure effect and the parameters of aquifers[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,11(3):47--52(in Chinese).
张昭栋,郑金涵,冯初刚.1991.深井水位的固体潮效应[J].地震学报,13(1):66--75.Zhang Z D,Zheng J H,Feng C G.1991.Effect of earth tide on deep well water level[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,13(1):66--75(in Chinese).
赵丹,王广才.2013.地下水位气压效应的消除及主要气压影响分波的识别[J].中国科学:技术科学,43(1):79--86.Zhao D,Wang G C.2013.Removing barometric pressure effects from groundwater level and identifying main influential constituents[J].Science China Technological Sciences,56(1):129--136.
Darner R A,Sheets R A.2012.Using existing data to estimate aquifer properties,Great Lakes Region,USA[J].Groundwater,50(3):477--484.
Hussein M E A,Odling N E,Clark R A.2013.Borehole water level response to barometric pressure as an indicator of aquifer vulnerability[J].Water Resour Res,49(10):7102--7119.
Rasmussen T C,Crawford L A.1997.Identifying and removing barometric pressure effects in confined and unconfined aquifers[J].Groundwater,35(3):502--511.
Rojstaczer S.1988.Determination of fluid flow properties from the response of water levels in wells to atmospheric loading[J].Water Resour Res,24(11):1927--1938.
Toll N J,Rasmussen T C.2007.Removal of barometric pressure effects and earth tides from observed water levels[J].Ground Water,45(1):101--105.