大豆窄行密植播种机单盘双行气吸式排种器设计
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摘要
为满足大豆窄行密植播种作业要求,解决传统大豆播种机窄行密植行距过大,不易调节,排种性能差等问题,设计了一种单盘双行气吸式排种器,阐述了其基本结构与工作原理,并对工作过程及关键部件进行了理论分析,确定了影响排种性能的主要因素,利用搭建的单盘双行气吸式排种器试验装置进行单因素试验,得到排种性能较好情况时负压真空度、排种盘转速以及单圈吸种孔数的合理变化范围。以负压真空度、排种盘转速和单圈吸种孔数为试验因素,以合格指数、漏播指数和重播指数为指标进行3因素3水平正交试验。结果表明:对合格指数、漏播指数和重播指数各指标影响最显著的因素分别为排种盘转速、负压真空度、负压真空度;当参数组合为单圈吸种孔数64孔、排种盘转速18 r/min、负压真空度5k Pa时,内圈合格指数为98.45%,重播指数为0.72%,漏播指数为0.53%;外圈合格指数为97.82%,重播指数为0.63%,漏播指数为1.35%,对该因素组合进行试验验证,各指标优于行业标准要求。该文设计的单盘双行气吸式排种器实现了播种单体120 mm窄行密植播种,排种性能好,为黄淮海地区大豆密植播种机的研发提供参考。
Narrow-row-dense planting technology of soybean can generally increase production by more than 15% compared with conventional ridge cultivation. However, it has less research on this model and supporting equipment in the Huang-huai-hai area. At present, the traditional soybean planter has such problems as large sowing distance, poor seed-metering performance, poor stability of the device and complex structure. Due to the above problems, it's difficult to meet the requirement of narrow-row-dense planting operation of soybean. Therefore, a novel design of a pneumatic seed-metering device with single seed-metering plate for double-row was presented, which could realize 120 mm narrow-row spacing sowing together with the distributor. Despite a large number of study of other seed-metering devices, this pneumatic seed-metering device with single seed-metering plate for double-row could overcome the traditional limitations of regulating the row spacing by adjusting spacing between left and right monomers or mounting the monomers front and after. In addition, the row spacing could be changed through the use of different angle distributor, which was impossible for other seed-metering devices. Its basic structure and working principle were analyzed. It could determine the influence factors of seed-metering performance through the mechanical and dynamic analysis of the movement of seeds in filling zone, carrying zone and outside throwing point. To verify the feasibility of 120 mm narrow-row spacing sowing, the test device of pneumatic seed-metering device was built, which included the conveyor belt, seed-metering device, suction belt and transmission system, and the whole structural working mechanism of the machine was introduced in detail in this research. Three parameters, i.e. negative pressure vacuum, seed-metering plate's rotational speed and suction holes number of each lap were chosen as the influence factors of the test experiment. And the test index included leak seeding index, repeating sowing index and qualified index of inner and outer which could represent the seed-metering performance of the seed-metering device. Through the single factor experiment, the impacts of three factors were analyzed. Reasonable variation rage of various factors for better seed-metering performance was determined, while the negative pressure vacuum raged from 4.5 to 5.5 k Pa, the seed-metering plate's rotational speed raged from 15 to 21 r/min and the suction holes number of each lap was changed in 3 levels of 56, 64, 72 in turn. According to the single factor test results, three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment was carried out. The results showed that the factors had significant influence on the seed-metering performance of the outer and inner, and the inner was always better than the outer. The order of influence factors on qualified index was seed-metering plate's rotational speed, negative pressure vacuum and suction holes number of each lap; the order of influence factors on repeating sowing index was negative pressure vacuum, seed-metering plate's rotational speed and suction holes number of each lap; the order of influence factors on leak seeding index was negative pressure vacuum, seed-metering plate's rotational speed and suction holes number of each lap. The optimal conditions were as below: the suction holes number of each lap was 64, the seed-metering plate's rotational speed was 18 r/min and the negative pressure vacuum was 5 kPa. Under the above conditions, the inner qualified index was 98.45%, the inner repeating sowing index was 0.72% and the inner leak seeding index was 0.53%. In addition, the outer qualified index was 97.82%, the outer repeating sowing index was 0.63%, and the leaking seeding index was 1.35%. The verification test showed that the seed-metering device had good performance and the test index was better than this given in industrial standard. This research provides a reference for the research and development of pneumatic seed-metering device for the soybean narrow-row and close planting seeder.
Narrow-row-dense planting technology of soybean can generally increase production by more than 15% compared with conventional ridge cultivation. However, it has less research on this model and supporting equipment in the Huang-huai-hai area. At present, the traditional soybean planter has such problems as large sowing distance, poor seed-metering performance, poor stability of the device and complex structure. Due to the above problems, it's difficult to meet the requirement of narrow-row-dense planting operation of soybean. Therefore, a novel design of a pneumatic seed-metering device with single seed-metering plate for double-row was presented, which could realize 120 mm narrow-row spacing sowing together with the distributor. Despite a large number of study of other seed-metering devices, this pneumatic seed-metering device with single seed-metering plate for double-row could overcome the traditional limitations of regulating the row spacing by adjusting spacing between left and right monomers or mounting the monomers front and after. In addition, the row spacing could be changed through the use of different angle distributor, which was impossible for other seed-metering devices. Its basic structure and working principle were analyzed. It could determine the influence factors of seed-metering performance through the mechanical and dynamic analysis of the movement of seeds in filling zone, carrying zone and outside throwing point. To verify the feasibility of 120 mm narrow-row spacing sowing, the test device of pneumatic seed-metering device was built, which included the conveyor belt, seed-metering device, suction belt and transmission system, and the whole structural working mechanism of the machine was introduced in detail in this research. Three parameters, i.e. negative pressure vacuum, seed-metering plate's rotational speed and suction holes number of each lap were chosen as the influence factors of the test experiment. And the test index included leak seeding index, repeating sowing index and qualified index of inner and outer which could represent the seed-metering performance of the seed-metering device. Through the single factor experiment, the impacts of three factors were analyzed. Reasonable variation rage of various factors for better seed-metering performance was determined, while the negative pressure vacuum raged from 4.5 to 5.5 k Pa, the seed-metering plate's rotational speed raged from 15 to 21 r/min and the suction holes number of each lap was changed in 3 levels of 56, 64, 72 in turn. According to the single factor test results, three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment was carried out. The results showed that the factors had significant influence on the seed-metering performance of the outer and inner, and the inner was always better than the outer. The order of influence factors on qualified index was seed-metering plate's rotational speed, negative pressure vacuum and suction holes number of each lap; the order of influence factors on repeating sowing index was negative pressure vacuum, seed-metering plate's rotational speed and suction holes number of each lap; the order of influence factors on leak seeding index was negative pressure vacuum, seed-metering plate's rotational speed and suction holes number of each lap. The optimal conditions were as below: the suction holes number of each lap was 64, the seed-metering plate's rotational speed was 18 r/min and the negative pressure vacuum was 5 kPa. Under the above conditions, the inner qualified index was 98.45%, the inner repeating sowing index was 0.72% and the inner leak seeding index was 0.53%. In addition, the outer qualified index was 97.82%, the outer repeating sowing index was 0.63%, and the leaking seeding index was 1.35%. The verification test showed that the seed-metering device had good performance and the test index was better than this given in industrial standard. This research provides a reference for the research and development of pneumatic seed-metering device for the soybean narrow-row and close planting seeder.
引文
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[2]姚巧倩,曹宝明.中国大豆进出口量与大豆价格关系的分析[J].滁州学院学报,2015,17(1):32-35.Yao Qiaoqian,Cao Baoming.Research on the price of soybean affected by its volumes of China’s export and import[J].Journal of Chuzhou University,2015,17(1):32-35.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]丁乔,杨广林,杨悦乾,等.大豆窄行平播密植栽培模式及配套机器系统的研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2005,36(2):222-224.Ding Qiao,Yang Guanglin,Yang Yueqian,et al.Research on narrow path horizontal seed close planting mode and whole mechanize production system of soybean[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2005,36(2):222-224.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]张泽平,马成林,王春柽.精播排种器及排种理论研究进展[J].吉林工业大学学报,1995,25(4):112-117.Zhang Zeping,Ma Chenglin,Wang Chuncheng.The development of the seed-metering device for precision planter and its theoretical study[J].Journal of Jilin University of Technology,1995,25(4):112-117.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]张兵,李丹,张宁.黄淮海地区大豆主要种植模式及效益分析[J].大豆科学,2011,30(6):987-992.Zhang Bing,Li Dan,Zhang Ning.Soybean planting patterns and benefit analysis of Huang-Huai-Hai region[J].Soybean Science,2011,30(6):987-992.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Hwang E Y,Song Q,Jia G,et al.A genome-wide association study of seed protein and oil content in soybean[J].Bmc Genomics,2014,15(1):1-12.
[7]Zhou H B,Chen Y,Sadek M A.Modeling of soil-seed contact using the discrete element method(DEM)[J].Biosystems Engineering,2014,121:56-66.
[8]Cooper R L.Response of soybean cultivars to narrow rows and planting rates under weed-free conditions[J].Agronomy Journal,1977,69(1):89-92.
[9]Cooper R L.High-yield-system-in place(HYSIP)concept for soybean production[J].Journal of Production Agriculture,1990,82(1):59-64.
[10]苗保河.大豆波浪冠层栽培模式高产优质生理生态机制研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2007.Miao Baohe.Study on Physiological and Ecological Mechanism of High Yield and Quality of Waving-canopy Cultural Type in Soybean[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2007.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]陈玉龙,贾洪雷,王佳旭,等.大豆高速精密播种机凸勺排种器设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):95-104.Chen Yulong,Jia Honglei,Wa Jiaxu,et al.Design and experiment of scoop metering device for soybean high-speed and precision seeder[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):95-104.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]赵佳乐,贾洪雷,姜铭鑫,等.大豆播种机偏置双圆盘气吸式排种器[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(8):78-83.Zhao Jiale,Jia Honglei,Jiang Mingxin,et al.Suction type offset double disc seed metering device of soybean seeder[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(8):78-83.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]常金丽,张晓辉.2BQ-10型气流一阶集排式排种系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):136-141.Chang Jinli,Zhang Xiaohui.Design and test of one-step centralized type pneumatic seeding system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(1):136-141.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]李杞超,纪文义,赵宇,等.2BZJ-12型大豆窄行平作精密播种机设计与性能试验研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(5):85-89.Li Qichao,Ji Wenyi,Zhao Yu,et al.Design and experimental of 2BZJ-12 type of using for narrow-row,flat planting and close seeder of soybean[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2013,44(5):85-89.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]陈立东,何堤.论精密排种器的现状及发展方向[J].农机化研究,2006,28(4):16-18.Chen Lidong,He Di.Discussion on the current situation of the planting device and developing direction[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2006,28(4):16-18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]康建明,陈学庚,王士国,等.超窄行棉花精量排种器设计与性能试验[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(2):134-139.Kang Jianming,Chen Xuegeng,Wang Shiguo,et al.Design and experiment of precise metering device for cotton ultra narrow row[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2016,51(2):134-139.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]刘佳,崔涛,张东兴,等.气吹式精密排种器工作压力试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(12):18-22.Liu Jia,Cui Tao,Zhang Dongxing,et al.Experiment study on pressure of air-blowing precision seed-metering device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(12):18-22.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]祁兵,张东兴,崔涛.中央集排气送式玉米精量排种器设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):8-15.Qi Bing,Zhang Dongxing,Cui Tao.Design and experiment of centralized pneumatic metering device for maize[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(18):8-15.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]王汉羊.2BMFJ-3型麦茬地免耕覆秸大豆精密播种机的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.Wang Hanyang.Study on 2BMFJ-3 Type No-till Soybean Precision Planter with Straw-covering in Wheat Stubble Fields[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]刘文忠,赵满全,王文明,等.气吸式排种装置排种性能理论分析与试验[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):133-138.Liu Wenzhong,Zhao Manquan,Wang Wenming,et al.Theoretical analysis and experiments of metering performance of the pheumatic seed metering device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2010,26(9):133-138.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]丁祖荣.工程流体力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2013.
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