宾川地震信号发射台气枪震源能量激发方向性初步研究
|
摘要
为研究气枪震源特征,2017-02云南省地震局在宾川地震信号发射台附近沿半径0.5km和1.7km架设了两条环形地震仪测线,开展不同工况下气枪的密集激发实验,利用环形测线上接收到的气枪信号,研究信号的持续时间、能量、时频谱面积随台站方位角的变化特征。结果表明:1)不同方位角上气枪信号差异明显,肉眼可见;2)4支气枪组成的气枪阵列发射的地震波的辐射花样优势方位为NE、SE、SW和NW,沿方位角具有约90°的周期,单支气枪的优势方位为NE、SW和NW;3)辐射花样具有优势方位的成因是高压气体喷射具有方向性、气泡与井壁之间的耦合等;4)水域台站接收到的信号能量损失更小,时频谱更光滑。
In order to explore the characteristics of air-gun source,we deploy two circular arrays with portable seismographs around Binchuan Air-Gun Source Transmitting Seismic Station in February2017.To get the radiation pattern of air-gun's signals,we use the data received by circular arrays to get the signal's duration,energy,and the area of S transform image.We get a preliminary result:1)Differences can be seen obviously between signals from different azimuth.2)Air-gun array formed by four air-guns shows a period of 90°and its main directions are NE,SE,SW and NW;single air-gun shows no clear periodicity and its main directions are NE,SW and NW.3)The main cause of the radiation pattern is high-pressure-gas injection,which has strong directionality,and there is coupling between bubble and borehole wall.4)If the air-gun signal ray path goes through a certain scale of water,its energy attenuation is smaller and time-frequency spectrum is smooth.
In order to explore the characteristics of air-gun source,we deploy two circular arrays with portable seismographs around Binchuan Air-Gun Source Transmitting Seismic Station in February2017.To get the radiation pattern of air-gun's signals,we use the data received by circular arrays to get the signal's duration,energy,and the area of S transform image.We get a preliminary result:1)Differences can be seen obviously between signals from different azimuth.2)Air-gun array formed by four air-guns shows a period of 90°and its main directions are NE,SE,SW and NW;single air-gun shows no clear periodicity and its main directions are NE,SW and NW.3)The main cause of the radiation pattern is high-pressure-gas injection,which has strong directionality,and there is coupling between bubble and borehole wall.4)If the air-gun signal ray path goes through a certain scale of water,its energy attenuation is smaller and time-frequency spectrum is smooth.
引文
[1]Niu F L,Silver P G,Daley T M,et al.Preseismic Velocity Changes Observed from Active Source Monitoring at the Parkfield SAFOD Drill Site[J].Nature,2008,454(7 201):204-208
[2]Poupinet G,Ellsworth W L,Frechet J.Monitoring Velocity Variations in the Crust Using Earthquake Doublets:An Application to the Calaveras Fault,California[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1984,89(B7):5 719-5 731
[3]Chen J H,Froment B,Liu Q Y,et al.Distribution of Seismic Wave Speed Changes Associated with the 12 May 2008MW7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letter,2010,37(18):109-118
[4]Cheng X,Niu F L,Wang B S.Coseismic Velocity Change in the Rupture Zone of the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake Observed from Ambient Seismic Noise[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2010,100(5B):2 539-2 550
[5]陈棋福,李丽,李纲,等.列车震动的地震记录信号特征[J].地震学报,2004,26(6):651-659(Chen Qifu,Li Li,Li Gang,et al.Seismic Features of Vibration Induced by Train[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(6):651-659)
[6]王洪体,庄灿涛,薛兵,等.精密主动地震监测[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7):1 808-1 815(Wang Hongti,Zhuang Cantao,Xue Bing,et al.Precisely and Actively Seismic Monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(7):1 808-1 815)
[7]杨微,葛洪魁,王宝善,等.由精密控制人工震源观测到的绵竹5.6级地震前后波速变化[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(5):1 149-1 157(Yang Wei,Ge Hongkui,Wang Baoshan,et al.Velocity Changes Observed by the Precisely Controlled Active Source for the Mianzhu MS5.6 Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(5):1 149-1 157)
[8]王宝善,葛洪魁,王彬,等.利用人工重复震源进行地下介质结构及其变化研究的探索和进展[J].中国地震,2016,32(2):168-179(Wang Baoshan,Ge Hongkui,Wang Bin,et al.Practices and Advances in Exploring the Subsurface Structure and Its Temporal Evolution with Repeatable Artificial Sources[J].Earthquake Research in China,2016,32(2):168-179)
[9]Chen Y,Liu L B,Ge H K,et al.Using an Airgun Array in a Land Reservoir as the Seismic Source for Seismotectonic Studies in Northern China:Experiments and Preliminary Results[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2008,56(4):601-612
[10]周仕勇.现代地震学教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2010(Zhou Shiyong.Modern Global Seismology[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2010)
[11]刘自凤,苏有锦,王宝善,等.宾川主动源地震波走时变化分析方法研究[J].地震研究,2015,38(4):591-597(Liu Zifeng,Su Youjin,Wang Baoshan,et al.Study on Analysis Method of Travel Time Variations of Seismic Wave of Active Source in Binchuan[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2015,38(4):591-597)
[12]王彬,吴国华,苏有锦,等.宾川地震信号发射台的选址、建设及初步观测结果[J].地震研究,2015,38(1):1-6(Wang Bin,Wu Guohua,Su Youjin,et al.Site Selection and Construction Process of Binchuan Earthquake Signal Transmitting Seismic Station and Its Preliminary Observation Result[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2015,38(1):1-6)
[13]王彬,李孝宾,刘自凤,等.宾川地震信号发射台的震源系统、观测系统和观测结果[J].中国地震,2016,32(2):193-201(Wang Bin,Li Xiaobin,Liu Zifeng,et al.The Source and Observation System of Binchuan Earthquake Signal Transmitting Seismic Station and Its Preliminary Observation Results[J].Earthquake Research in China,2016,32(2):193-201)
[14]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the Complex Spectrum:The S Transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998-1 001
[15]魏斌,苏金波,王海涛,等,新疆呼图壁人工水体大容量气枪信号发射台性能研究[J],中国地震,2016,32(2):222-230(Wei Bin,Su Jinbo,Wang Haitao,et al.Site Selection and Construction of Hutubi Airgun Source Signal Transmitting Seismic Station and Its Characteristic of Source[J].Earthquake Research in China,2016,32(2):222-230)
[16]陈蒙.利用水库大容量非调制气枪阵列进行区域尺度地下结构探测和监测[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2014(Chen Meng.Exploring and Monitoring Regional-scale Subsurface Structure Using Un-Tuned Large Volume Airgun Array[D].Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,CEA,2014)
[2]Poupinet G,Ellsworth W L,Frechet J.Monitoring Velocity Variations in the Crust Using Earthquake Doublets:An Application to the Calaveras Fault,California[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1984,89(B7):5 719-5 731
[3]Chen J H,Froment B,Liu Q Y,et al.Distribution of Seismic Wave Speed Changes Associated with the 12 May 2008MW7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Geophysical Research Letter,2010,37(18):109-118
[4]Cheng X,Niu F L,Wang B S.Coseismic Velocity Change in the Rupture Zone of the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake Observed from Ambient Seismic Noise[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2010,100(5B):2 539-2 550
[5]陈棋福,李丽,李纲,等.列车震动的地震记录信号特征[J].地震学报,2004,26(6):651-659(Chen Qifu,Li Li,Li Gang,et al.Seismic Features of Vibration Induced by Train[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(6):651-659)
[6]王洪体,庄灿涛,薛兵,等.精密主动地震监测[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(7):1 808-1 815(Wang Hongti,Zhuang Cantao,Xue Bing,et al.Precisely and Actively Seismic Monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(7):1 808-1 815)
[7]杨微,葛洪魁,王宝善,等.由精密控制人工震源观测到的绵竹5.6级地震前后波速变化[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(5):1 149-1 157(Yang Wei,Ge Hongkui,Wang Baoshan,et al.Velocity Changes Observed by the Precisely Controlled Active Source for the Mianzhu MS5.6 Earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2010,53(5):1 149-1 157)
[8]王宝善,葛洪魁,王彬,等.利用人工重复震源进行地下介质结构及其变化研究的探索和进展[J].中国地震,2016,32(2):168-179(Wang Baoshan,Ge Hongkui,Wang Bin,et al.Practices and Advances in Exploring the Subsurface Structure and Its Temporal Evolution with Repeatable Artificial Sources[J].Earthquake Research in China,2016,32(2):168-179)
[9]Chen Y,Liu L B,Ge H K,et al.Using an Airgun Array in a Land Reservoir as the Seismic Source for Seismotectonic Studies in Northern China:Experiments and Preliminary Results[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2008,56(4):601-612
[10]周仕勇.现代地震学教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2010(Zhou Shiyong.Modern Global Seismology[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2010)
[11]刘自凤,苏有锦,王宝善,等.宾川主动源地震波走时变化分析方法研究[J].地震研究,2015,38(4):591-597(Liu Zifeng,Su Youjin,Wang Baoshan,et al.Study on Analysis Method of Travel Time Variations of Seismic Wave of Active Source in Binchuan[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2015,38(4):591-597)
[12]王彬,吴国华,苏有锦,等.宾川地震信号发射台的选址、建设及初步观测结果[J].地震研究,2015,38(1):1-6(Wang Bin,Wu Guohua,Su Youjin,et al.Site Selection and Construction Process of Binchuan Earthquake Signal Transmitting Seismic Station and Its Preliminary Observation Result[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2015,38(1):1-6)
[13]王彬,李孝宾,刘自凤,等.宾川地震信号发射台的震源系统、观测系统和观测结果[J].中国地震,2016,32(2):193-201(Wang Bin,Li Xiaobin,Liu Zifeng,et al.The Source and Observation System of Binchuan Earthquake Signal Transmitting Seismic Station and Its Preliminary Observation Results[J].Earthquake Research in China,2016,32(2):193-201)
[14]Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe R P.Localization of the Complex Spectrum:The S Transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998-1 001
[15]魏斌,苏金波,王海涛,等,新疆呼图壁人工水体大容量气枪信号发射台性能研究[J],中国地震,2016,32(2):222-230(Wei Bin,Su Jinbo,Wang Haitao,et al.Site Selection and Construction of Hutubi Airgun Source Signal Transmitting Seismic Station and Its Characteristic of Source[J].Earthquake Research in China,2016,32(2):222-230)
[16]陈蒙.利用水库大容量非调制气枪阵列进行区域尺度地下结构探测和监测[D].北京:中国地震局地球物理研究所,2014(Chen Meng.Exploring and Monitoring Regional-scale Subsurface Structure Using Un-Tuned Large Volume Airgun Array[D].Beijing:Institute of Geophysics,CEA,2014)