旋转气泵驱动环路冷却机组的工作特性
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摘要
利用自然冷源可有效降低数据中心的冷却能耗,本文研发了一种由旋转气泵驱动的环路自然冷却机组,采用R22作为循环工质,在标准焓差室中搭建实验台。研究了机组的性能及循环特性,并与液泵驱动环路热管机组进行对比。结果表明:随着室内外温差的增加,气泵机组制冷量与EER呈先增大后减小的趋势,功率始终呈下降趋势。机组在室内外温差为25℃时性能最佳,制冷量为17.6 kW,机组能效比(EER_(unit))为15.1,机组功率为1.16 kW,气泵功率为0.509 kW。而与液泵机组相比,当室内外温差为25℃时,气泵机组EER_(unit)比液泵机组EER_(unit)高25.5%;在室内外温差为10℃时,气泵机组EER_(unit)比液泵机组EER_(unit)高104.7%。
Free cooling is widely applied in data centers as a promising technology for energy conservation. A loop cooling unit driven by a miniature rotary booster for free cooling was developed for a small data center. In this study, compared with air conditioners and pump-driven loop heat-pipe units, the booster-driven loop cooling unit consumed lower power and had a higher energy efficiency ratio(EER_(unit)). An improved rotary booster with a small pressure ratio was adopted in the rotary booster-driven loop cooling unit. The results indicate that with the increase in the indoor and outdoor temperature difference(ΔT), the unit cooling capacity and EER_(unit) first increased and then decreased. When ΔT=25 ℃, the cooling capacity reached 17.6 kW, and the EER_(unit)=15.1. With the increase in ΔT, the power of the unit exhibited a downward trend all the time. When ΔT was 25 ℃, the power of the unit reached 1.16 kW and the power of the booster was 0.509 kW. The thermal performance was compared with that of the pump-driven loop heat-pipe unit. When ΔT=25, 10 ℃, the EER_(unit) values of the rotary booster-driven loop cooling unit were 25.5% and 104.7% higher than those of the pump-driven loop heat-pipe unit, respectively.
Free cooling is widely applied in data centers as a promising technology for energy conservation. A loop cooling unit driven by a miniature rotary booster for free cooling was developed for a small data center. In this study, compared with air conditioners and pump-driven loop heat-pipe units, the booster-driven loop cooling unit consumed lower power and had a higher energy efficiency ratio(EER_(unit)). An improved rotary booster with a small pressure ratio was adopted in the rotary booster-driven loop cooling unit. The results indicate that with the increase in the indoor and outdoor temperature difference(ΔT), the unit cooling capacity and EER_(unit) first increased and then decreased. When ΔT=25 ℃, the cooling capacity reached 17.6 kW, and the EER_(unit)=15.1. With the increase in ΔT, the power of the unit exhibited a downward trend all the time. When ΔT was 25 ℃, the power of the unit reached 1.16 kW and the power of the booster was 0.509 kW. The thermal performance was compared with that of the pump-driven loop heat-pipe unit. When ΔT=25, 10 ℃, the EER_(unit) values of the rotary booster-driven loop cooling unit were 25.5% and 104.7% higher than those of the pump-driven loop heat-pipe unit, respectively.
引文
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[9] 张双. 数据中心用泵驱动两相冷却回路换热特性研究[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学,2015. (ZHANG Shuang. Study on heat transfer characteristics of a pump-driven two-phase cooling loop for data centers [D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2015.)
[10] ZHANG Shuang, MA Guoyuan, ZHOU Feng. Experimental study on a pump driven loop-heat pipe for data center cooling[J]. Journal of Energy Engineering, 2014, 141(4): 04014054.
[11] MA Yuezheng, MA Guoyuan, ZHANG Shuang, et al. Cooling performance of a pump-driven two phase cooling system for free cooling in data centers[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 95:143-149.
[12] WEI Chuancheng, MA Guoyuan, ZHOU Feng, et al. Application investigation on a pumped loop heat pipe heat exchanger unit for a small data center [C]//24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, ICR, 2015.
[13] ZHOU Feng, WEI Chuancheng, MA Guoyuan. Development and analysis of a pump-driven loop heat pipe unit for cooling a small data center [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 124: 1169-1175.
[14] ZHANG Penglei, WANG Baolong, SHI Wenxing, et al. Experimental investigation on two-phase thermosyphon loop with partially liquid-filled downcomer[J]. Applied Energy, 2015, 160:10-17.
[15] 魏川铖,马国远,许树学,等. 通讯基站用气泵驱动环路热管的设计及实验研究[C]//第十二届全国电冰箱(柜)、空调器及压缩机学术交流大会论文集. 合肥: 中国制冷学会小型制冷机低温生物医学委员会、家电产业技术创新战略联盟, 2014. (WEI Chuancheng, MA Guoyuan, XU Shuxue, et al. Design and experimental study on heat exchanger unit with a gas pump-driven loop heat pipe for communication base stations[C]//12th National Conference on refrigerators (cabinet), air conditioners and compressors. Hefei: Small Refrigerator Low Temperature Biomedical Committee of Chinese Association of Refrigeration, Home Appliance Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, 2014.)
[16] 石文星,王飞,黄德勇,等. 气体增压型复合空调机组研发及全年运行能效分析[J]. 制冷与空调(北京),2017,17(2):11-16. (SHI Wenxing, WANG Fei, HUANG Deyong, et al. Development of gas pressurized composite air-conditioning unit and annual operation energy efficiency analysis[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 2017, 17(2):11-16.)
[17] 费业泰.误差理论与数据处理[M].北京: 机械工业出版社,2010: 82-86.(FEI Yetai. Error theory and data processing [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2010: 82-86.)
[18] 马国远,王绚,周峰. 泵驱动两相复合制冷机组变频运转特性[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2017, 43(8):1245-1251. (MA Guoyuan, WANG Xuan, ZHOU Feng. Frequency variable characteristics for pump-driven two phase loop integrated with vapor compression refrigeration system[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2017, 43(8):1245-1251.)
[2] 李改莲, 时子超, 张志伟,等. 数据机房用热管复合式空调节能性试验研究[J]. 低温与超导, 2016(10): 67-71.(LI Gailian, SHI Zichao, ZHANG Zhiwei, et al. Experimental investigation on energy saving of the combined air conditioner in data center by separate heat pipe and vapor compressor[J]. Cryogenics & Superconductivity, 2016(10): 67-71.)
[3] 胡张保, 张志伟, 李改莲, 等. 采用微通道蒸发器的分离式热管空调传热性能的试验研究[J]. 流体机械,2015,43(11):68-71. (HU Zhangbao, ZHANG Zhiwei, LI Gailian, et al. Experimental investigation on the heat transfer performance of the separate type heat pipe air conditioning with a microchannel evaporator[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2015, 43(11):68-71.)
[4] 石文星, 韩林俊, 王宝龙, 等. 热管/蒸气压缩复合空调原理及其在高发热量空间的应用效果分析[J]. 制冷与空调(北京), 2011, 11(1):30-36. (SHI Wenxing, HAN Linjun, WANG Baolong, et al. Principle of combined air conditioner by heat pipe and vapor compression and its application analysis in high heat density space[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 2011, 11(1): 30-36.)
[5] LEE S, KANG H, KIM Y. Performance optimization of a hybrid cooler combining vapor compression and natural circulation cycles[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2008, 32(5):800-808.
[6] ZHANG Hainan, SHAO Shuangquan, XU Hongbo, et al. Free cooling of data centers: a review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014, 35: 171-182.
[7] 刘杰. 航天机械泵驱动两相流冷却环路循环特性的研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学,2008. (LIU Jie. Investigations on running characteristics of the mechanically pumped cooling loop for space applications[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2008.)
[8] 王铁军,王飞,李宏洋,等. 动力型分离式热管设计与试验研究[J]. 制冷与空调(北京),2014,14(12):41-43,40. (WANG Tiejun, WANG Fei, LI Hongyang, et al. Design and experimental study of dynamic separate type heat pipe [J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 2014, 14(12):41-43,40.)
[9] 张双. 数据中心用泵驱动两相冷却回路换热特性研究[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学,2015. (ZHANG Shuang. Study on heat transfer characteristics of a pump-driven two-phase cooling loop for data centers [D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2015.)
[10] ZHANG Shuang, MA Guoyuan, ZHOU Feng. Experimental study on a pump driven loop-heat pipe for data center cooling[J]. Journal of Energy Engineering, 2014, 141(4): 04014054.
[11] MA Yuezheng, MA Guoyuan, ZHANG Shuang, et al. Cooling performance of a pump-driven two phase cooling system for free cooling in data centers[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 95:143-149.
[12] WEI Chuancheng, MA Guoyuan, ZHOU Feng, et al. Application investigation on a pumped loop heat pipe heat exchanger unit for a small data center [C]//24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration, ICR, 2015.
[13] ZHOU Feng, WEI Chuancheng, MA Guoyuan. Development and analysis of a pump-driven loop heat pipe unit for cooling a small data center [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 124: 1169-1175.
[14] ZHANG Penglei, WANG Baolong, SHI Wenxing, et al. Experimental investigation on two-phase thermosyphon loop with partially liquid-filled downcomer[J]. Applied Energy, 2015, 160:10-17.
[15] 魏川铖,马国远,许树学,等. 通讯基站用气泵驱动环路热管的设计及实验研究[C]//第十二届全国电冰箱(柜)、空调器及压缩机学术交流大会论文集. 合肥: 中国制冷学会小型制冷机低温生物医学委员会、家电产业技术创新战略联盟, 2014. (WEI Chuancheng, MA Guoyuan, XU Shuxue, et al. Design and experimental study on heat exchanger unit with a gas pump-driven loop heat pipe for communication base stations[C]//12th National Conference on refrigerators (cabinet), air conditioners and compressors. Hefei: Small Refrigerator Low Temperature Biomedical Committee of Chinese Association of Refrigeration, Home Appliance Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance, 2014.)
[16] 石文星,王飞,黄德勇,等. 气体增压型复合空调机组研发及全年运行能效分析[J]. 制冷与空调(北京),2017,17(2):11-16. (SHI Wenxing, WANG Fei, HUANG Deyong, et al. Development of gas pressurized composite air-conditioning unit and annual operation energy efficiency analysis[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 2017, 17(2):11-16.)
[17] 费业泰.误差理论与数据处理[M].北京: 机械工业出版社,2010: 82-86.(FEI Yetai. Error theory and data processing [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2010: 82-86.)
[18] 马国远,王绚,周峰. 泵驱动两相复合制冷机组变频运转特性[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2017, 43(8):1245-1251. (MA Guoyuan, WANG Xuan, ZHOU Feng. Frequency variable characteristics for pump-driven two phase loop integrated with vapor compression refrigeration system[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2017, 43(8):1245-1251.)