气泵法生成气泡帷幕的特性研究
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摘要
气泡帷幕在水下噪声抑制方面有非常广泛的应用。为了更好地利用气泡帷幕的衰减特性,在实验室水槽设备中采用气泵法产生气泡帷幕,通过对不同深度、气流量接收信号的时频分析,利用共振谱法对气泡分布进行反演。研究表明:(1)气泡的分布可以利用高斯分布近似描述。(2)随着深度增加,气泡含量也有略微增加。(3)气泵法产生的气泡帷幕的气流量大小对衰减的峰值所在的频段基本没有影响,但气流量的改变会影响声波衰减的强弱,气流量大的情况下,气泡帷幕对声波衰减效果更强。通过掌握气泵法生成气泡帷幕中气泡的分布规律,可以有效指导气泡帷幕的设计。
Bubble curtain has a wide range of applications for underwater noise suppression. In order to make better use of the attenuation characteristics of the bubble curtain, the bubble curtain was generated by the airpump method in the laboratory flume and then analyzed. By analyzing the time-frequency receiving the signal in different depth and gas flow rate, the bubble distribution was inverted using the resonance spectrum method. The research showed that:(1) The distribution of bubbles could be described approximately by Gaussian distribution.(2) As the depth gets deeper, the bubble content increases slightly.(3) The gas-flow rate of bubble curtain generated by air pump method has little effect on the frequency band of the attenuation peak, but the change of gas-flow rate will affect the attenuation of sound wave. When the gas-flow rate is larger, the attenuation effect of bubble curtain is stronger. By mastering the bubble distribution law of the bubble curtain generated by the airpump method, the design of the bubble curtain could be conducted under effective guidance.
Bubble curtain has a wide range of applications for underwater noise suppression. In order to make better use of the attenuation characteristics of the bubble curtain, the bubble curtain was generated by the airpump method in the laboratory flume and then analyzed. By analyzing the time-frequency receiving the signal in different depth and gas flow rate, the bubble distribution was inverted using the resonance spectrum method. The research showed that:(1) The distribution of bubbles could be described approximately by Gaussian distribution.(2) As the depth gets deeper, the bubble content increases slightly.(3) The gas-flow rate of bubble curtain generated by air pump method has little effect on the frequency band of the attenuation peak, but the change of gas-flow rate will affect the attenuation of sound wave. When the gas-flow rate is larger, the attenuation effect of bubble curtain is stronger. By mastering the bubble distribution law of the bubble curtain generated by the airpump method, the design of the bubble curtain could be conducted under effective guidance.
引文
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[2]章蔚.海上风电场水下噪声传播研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2016.ZHANG Wei.Propagation research of offshore wind farm underwater noise[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2016.
[3]谢建.微小槽道内微孔壁面逸出气泡动力学行为及特性[D].重庆:重庆大学,2013.XIE Jian.Bubble dynamics and behaviors on micro-orifices in mini/micro channels[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2013.
[4]刘季霖.微纳米气泡发生装置研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.LIU Ji-lin.Research on micro-nano bubble generator[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.
[5]杨光煦.水下工程爆破[M].北京:海洋出版社,1992.YANG Guang-xi.Underwater engineering blasting[M].Beijing:Ocean Press of China,1992.
[6]孙佳伟.水下气泡幕的声透射特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2014.SUN Jia-wei.An investigation on sound transmission characteristic in water due to a bubbly curtain[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University,2014.
[7]周睿,冯顺山.气泡帷幕对水中冲击波峰值压力衰减特性的研究[J].工程爆破,2001,7(2):13-17.ZHOU Rui,FENG Shun-shan.Study on weakening peak pressure of underwater shock wave by bubble curtain[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(2):13-17.
[8]王兴雁,詹发民,周方毅,等.气泡帷幕削减水击波压力作用因素分析[J].爆破,2012,29(4):23-27.WANG Xing-yan,ZHAN Fa-min,ZHOU Fang-yi,et al.Effect of bubble curtains on underwater shockwave reducing[J].Blasting,2012,29(4):23-27.
[9]朱安周,张可玉,詹发民,等.气泡帷幕衰减水中冲击波频谱特性实验研究[J].爆破,2004,21(4):12-14.ZHU An-zhou,ZHANG Ke-yu,ZHAN Fa-min,et al.Experimental study on frequency spectrum characteristics of underwater shock wave weakened by bubble curtain[J].Blasting,2004,21(4):12-14.
[10]Clay C S,Medwin H,Urick R J.Acoustical oceanography:principles and applications[J].Physics Today,2003,31(5):373-379.
[11]谢萍.水中气泡分布的声学反演方法研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2011.XIE Ping.Study on the Acoustic inversion of bubble size distribution[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2011.
[12]Caruthers J W,Elmore P A,Novarini J C,et al.An iterative approach for approximating bubble distributions from attenuation measurements[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1999,106(1):117-120.
[13]黎章龙,屈科,张薇,等.水中气泡分布的共振估计法的误差分析及修正[J].海洋技术学报,2017,36(6):78-81.LI Zhang-long,QU Ke,ZHANG Wei,et al.Error analysis and correction of the resonance estimation for measuring bubbles distribution in the water[J].Ocean Technology,2017,36(6):117-120.
[14]林巨,王欢,谢萍.基于声学方法的气泡分布和海表风速反演[C]//2012'中国西部声学学术交流会论文集(Ⅰ).中国新疆乌鲁木齐:2012'中国西部声学学术交流会,2012.LIN Ju,WANG Huan,XIE Ping.Acoustic inversion of bubble size distribution and sea surface wind speed[C]//2012’Proceedings of the Symposium on acoustics in Western China(Ⅰ).Urumqi,Xinjiang,China:2012’Acoustic Symposium in Western China,2012:4.
[15]Choi B K,Yoon S W.Acoustic bubble counting technique using sound speed extracted from sound attenuation[J].IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,2001,26(1):125-130.