分区层化立体多重天津城市暴雨内涝模型研究
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摘要
该文以城市下垫面空间差异性分区为重点,重新构建天津城市暴雨内涝模型,以城市地表与明渠河道水流运动为主要模拟对象,基本控制方程以平面二维非恒定流的基本方程为骨架,将河网、路网、管网和社区的计算网格分层划分,形成相对独立的河网、路网、管网和社区的计算模拟体系,形成分区分层和立体多重的模型计算模式。针对2018年7月24日台风"安比"降雨过程造成的天津城区内涝灾害,结合自动积水监测数据,对模型模拟结果进行验证,结果表明,内涝模型模拟的积水监测点最大积水深度与实况积水深度平均绝对误差小于0.1m,模拟积水过程与实况积水过程变化趋势基本一致,一致指数达到77%,模型具有一定的模拟精度。
The urban rainstorm waterlogging model for Tianjin is reconstructed in this study. The focus of the new model is the spatial partition based on the differences of urban underlying su rfaces. The water flow movements of urban surface and open channel are the main objects to be simulated. The new model takes the basic equation of two-dimensional unsteady flow as the framework. The independent computational simulation system an d computation mode of partition, stratification and multiple dimensions are formed through hierarchical division of river grids, r oad grids, pipeline grids and community grids. Aiming at the waterlogging disaster caused by typhoon Ampil rainfall on July 24, 2 018 in Tianjin urban area, the simulation results of model are validated by combining the automatic accumulation water monitor ing data. The average absolute error between the maximum water accumulation depth simulated by waterlogging model and the actual water accumulation depth is less than 0.1 m in water monitoring point. The simulated water accumulation process is b asically consistent with the actual situation. The index of agreement is 77%. Therefore, the waterlogging model can effectively simulate the flooding scenarios of urban waterlogging.
The urban rainstorm waterlogging model for Tianjin is reconstructed in this study. The focus of the new model is the spatial partition based on the differences of urban underlying su rfaces. The water flow movements of urban surface and open channel are the main objects to be simulated. The new model takes the basic equation of two-dimensional unsteady flow as the framework. The independent computational simulation system an d computation mode of partition, stratification and multiple dimensions are formed through hierarchical division of river grids, r oad grids, pipeline grids and community grids. Aiming at the waterlogging disaster caused by typhoon Ampil rainfall on July 24, 2 018 in Tianjin urban area, the simulation results of model are validated by combining the automatic accumulation water monitor ing data. The average absolute error between the maximum water accumulation depth simulated by waterlogging model and the actual water accumulation depth is less than 0.1 m in water monitoring point. The simulated water accumulation process is b asically consistent with the actual situation. The index of agreement is 77%. Therefore, the waterlogging model can effectively simulate the flooding scenarios of urban waterlogging.
引文
[1]侯玉栋,李树平,周巍巍,等.2011年国内媒体报道城市暴雨事件分析[J].给水排水,2012.(S1):44-49.HOU Yu-dong,LI Shu-ping,Zhou Wei-wei,et al.Analysis of chinese media reports on urban storm events in 2011[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2012,(S1):44-49.
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[12]解以扬,韩素芹,由立宏,等.天津市暴雨内涝灾害风险分析[J].气象科学,2004,24(3):342-349.XIE Yi-yang,HAN Su-qin,YOU Li-hong,et al.Risk analysis of urban rainfall waterlogging in Tianjin city[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2004,24(3):342-349.
[13]李大鸣,胡永文,王笑,等.城市暴雨沥涝数学模型的研究与应用[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(10):46-50.LI Da-ming,HU Yong-wen,WANG Xiao,et al.Amathematical modeling of urban rainstorm water logging research and application[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2016,33(10):46-50.
[14]LI Da-ming,ZHANG Hong-ping.Basic theory and mathematical modeling of urban rainstorm waterlogging[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2004,16(1):17-27.
[15]柳园园,王船海,吴朱昊,等.城市排水管网明满交替非恒定流数学模型的研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,2016,31(2):210-219.LIU Yuan-yuan,WANG Chuan-hai,Wu Zhu-hao,et al.Study on free-surface-pressurized flow mathematical model for urban drainage networks[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2016,31(2):210-219.
[16]徐小明,何建京,汪德.求解大型河网非恒定流的非线性方法[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,2001,16(1):18-24.XU Xiao-ming,HE Jian-jing,WANG De.Nonlinear method on large scale river networks unsteady flow[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.A,2001,16(1):18-24.
[17]WILLMOTT C J.On the validation of models[J].Physical Geography,1981(2):184-194.
[2]邹俊,李树平.2012年国内媒体报道城市暴雨事件分析[J].中国公共安全:学术版,2013(2):23-29.ZOU Jun,Li Shu-ping.Analysis on chinese media reports on urban storm event in 2012[J].China Public Security:Academy Edition,2013(2):23-29.
[3]文碧岚,李树平,周艳春,等.2014年国内媒体报道城市暴雨事件分析[J].中国公共安全:学术版,2015(2):30-34.WEN Bi-lan,LI Shu-ping,ZHOU Yan-chun,et al.Analysis of chinese media reports on urban storm events in 2014[J].China Public Security:Academy Edition,2015(2):30-34.
[4]顾孝天,李宁,周扬,等.北京“7·21”暴雨引发的城市内涝灾害防御思考[J].自然灾害学报,2013,22(2):1-6.GU Xiao-Tian,LIi Ning,ZHOU Yang,et al.Thinking on urban waterlogging disaster defense initiated by“7·21”extraordinary rainstorm in Beijing[J].Journal of Na-tural Disasters,2013,22(2):1-6.
[5]张炜,李思敏,时真男.我国城市暴雨内涝的成因及其应对策略[J].自然灾害学报,2012(5):180-184.ZHANG Wei,LI Si-ming,SHI Zhen-nan.Formation causes and coping strategies of urban rainstorm waterlogging in China[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2012(5):180-184.
[6]董欣,陈吉宁,赵冬泉,等.SWMM模型在城市排水系统规划中的应用[J].给水排水,2006,32(5):106-109.DONG Xin,CHEN Ji-ning,ZHAO Dong-quan,et al.Application of SWMM model in urban drainage system planning[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2006,32(05):106-109.
[7]丛翔宇,倪广恒,惠士博,等.基于SWMM的北京市典型城区暴雨洪水模拟分析[J].水利水电技术,2006,37(4):64-67.CONG Xiang-yu,NI Guang-heng,HUI Shi-bo,et al.Simulative analysis on storm flood in typical urban region of Beijing based on SWMM[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2006,37(4):64-67.
[8]吴海春,黄国如.基于PCSWMM模型的城市内涝风险评估[J].水资源保护,2016,32(5):11-16.WU Hai-chun,HUANG Guo-ru.Risk assessment of urban waterlogging based on PCSWMM model[J].Water Resources Protection,2016,32(5):11-16.
[9]李建勇,Infoworks ICM在城市排水系统分析中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2014(8):21-24.LI Jian-yong.Application of infoworks ICM in analysis of urban drainage system[J].China Water and Wastewater,2014(8):21-24.
[10]段丽瑶,解以扬,陈靖,等.基于城市内涝仿真模型的天津风暴潮灾害评估[J].应用气象学报,2014,25(3):354-359.DUAN Li-yao,XIE Yi-yang,CHEN Jing,et al.Tianjin coastal storm surge disaster assessment based on urban waterlogging simulation model[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2014,25(3):354-359.
[11]解以扬,李大鸣,李培彦,等.城市暴雨内涝数学模型的研究与应用[J].水科学进展,2005,16(3):384-390.XIE Yi-yang,LI Da-ming,LI Pei-yan,et al.Research and application of The mathematical model for urban rainstorm waterlogging[J].Advances in Water Sceince,2005,16(3):384-390.
[12]解以扬,韩素芹,由立宏,等.天津市暴雨内涝灾害风险分析[J].气象科学,2004,24(3):342-349.XIE Yi-yang,HAN Su-qin,YOU Li-hong,et al.Risk analysis of urban rainfall waterlogging in Tianjin city[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2004,24(3):342-349.
[13]李大鸣,胡永文,王笑,等.城市暴雨沥涝数学模型的研究与应用[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(10):46-50.LI Da-ming,HU Yong-wen,WANG Xiao,et al.Amathematical modeling of urban rainstorm water logging research and application[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2016,33(10):46-50.
[14]LI Da-ming,ZHANG Hong-ping.Basic theory and mathematical modeling of urban rainstorm waterlogging[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2004,16(1):17-27.
[15]柳园园,王船海,吴朱昊,等.城市排水管网明满交替非恒定流数学模型的研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,2016,31(2):210-219.LIU Yuan-yuan,WANG Chuan-hai,Wu Zhu-hao,et al.Study on free-surface-pressurized flow mathematical model for urban drainage networks[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2016,31(2):210-219.
[16]徐小明,何建京,汪德.求解大型河网非恒定流的非线性方法[J].水动力学研究与进展,A辑,2001,16(1):18-24.XU Xiao-ming,HE Jian-jing,WANG De.Nonlinear method on large scale river networks unsteady flow[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.A,2001,16(1):18-24.
[17]WILLMOTT C J.On the validation of models[J].Physical Geography,1981(2):184-194.