气田水中硫化物控制指标及处理措施
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摘要
含硫气田采出的气田水均不同程度的含有硫化物,不仅会腐蚀输送管道、气田水处理设备和回注井筒等,而且当气田水温度、压力或pH值发生变化时,其中的硫化物还有可能以H_2S的形态逸出,从而带来安全风险。为了控制气田水中硫化物的含量,满足气田开发安全、清洁的生产需求,在调查川渝地区相关含硫气田采出气田水中硫化物的含量及处理现状的基础上,模拟计算了典型浓度含硫气田水中H_2S的逸散规律并进行了实验验证,最后提出了气田水中硫化物的控制指标及处理措施建议。研究结果表明:①硫化物含量大于200 mg/L的气田水应进行完全密闭贮存、输送和处理,以满足作业场所安全、职业健康和环境要求;②回注气田水中硫化物含量应控制在20 mg/L以下,这样不仅能确保地面设备设施、输送管道及回注井筒硫化物腐蚀程度的最小化,而且也可以保证非密闭条件下逸散的H_2S含量远远低于国家标准规定的职业健康接触限值及环境排放限值;③高含硫气田水脱硫工艺应充分考虑气田水的含硫特点及处理目标,结合运行经济性及可靠性,选择一级或多级脱硫处理工艺,以实现硫化物的高效、经济去除。
Gas field water produced from sour gas fields contains sulfides to varying degrees, which can not only corrode pipelines, gas field water treatment equipment, injection wellbore, etc., but also bring safety risks when the sulfides escape in the form of hydrogen sulfide with the change of temperature, pressure or pH values. In order to control the sulfide content of gas field water and satisfy the requirements of safe and clean development of gas fields, we investigated the content and treatment status of sulfides in gas field water produced from sour gas fields in Sichuan and Chongqing areas. Then, the escape laws of hydrogen sulfide from sour gas field water with typical concentration were simulated, calculated and experimentally verified. Finally, the sulfide control indexes and treatment measures in gas field water were recommended. And the following research results were obtained. First, gas field water with a sulfide content higher than 200 mg/L shall be stored, transported and treated in a completely sealed environment to meet the safety, occupational health and environmental requirements of a workplace. Second, the content of sulfides in the re-injected gas field water shall be controlled below 20 mg/L to minimize sulfide corrosion on ground facilities, transmission pipelines and injection wellbores and keep the content of escaping hydrogen sulfide under an unsealed condition far lower than the limit values of occupational health contact and environment emission stipulated in national standards. Third, the desulfurization process used for sour gas field water shall take full consideration of the sulfur-bearing characteristics and treatment objective of gas field water. And it is necessary to select one-stage or multi-stage desulfurization process based on operation economy and reliability, so as to realize efficient and economical desulfurization.
Gas field water produced from sour gas fields contains sulfides to varying degrees, which can not only corrode pipelines, gas field water treatment equipment, injection wellbore, etc., but also bring safety risks when the sulfides escape in the form of hydrogen sulfide with the change of temperature, pressure or pH values. In order to control the sulfide content of gas field water and satisfy the requirements of safe and clean development of gas fields, we investigated the content and treatment status of sulfides in gas field water produced from sour gas fields in Sichuan and Chongqing areas. Then, the escape laws of hydrogen sulfide from sour gas field water with typical concentration were simulated, calculated and experimentally verified. Finally, the sulfide control indexes and treatment measures in gas field water were recommended. And the following research results were obtained. First, gas field water with a sulfide content higher than 200 mg/L shall be stored, transported and treated in a completely sealed environment to meet the safety, occupational health and environmental requirements of a workplace. Second, the content of sulfides in the re-injected gas field water shall be controlled below 20 mg/L to minimize sulfide corrosion on ground facilities, transmission pipelines and injection wellbores and keep the content of escaping hydrogen sulfide under an unsealed condition far lower than the limit values of occupational health contact and environment emission stipulated in national standards. Third, the desulfurization process used for sour gas field water shall take full consideration of the sulfur-bearing characteristics and treatment objective of gas field water. And it is necessary to select one-stage or multi-stage desulfurization process based on operation economy and reliability, so as to realize efficient and economical desulfurization.
引文
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[14]熊德珍,张功亚.江汉油田注水采油设备的腐蚀与防护[J].油田化学,1991,8(4):310-313.Xiong Dezhen&Zhang Gongya.An investigation into corrosion of water injection and oil production pipelines and equipments in Jianghan oil fields[J].Oilfield Chemistry,1991,8(4):310-313.
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[17]李彦俊,魏宏斌.废水处理中硫化物去除技术的研究与应用[J].净水技术,2010,29(6):9-12.Li Yanjun&Wei Hongbin.Research and application of sulfides removal technology in wastewater treatment[J].Water Purification Technology,2010,29(6):9-12.
[18]宋彬,李静,高晓根.含硫气田水闪蒸气处理工艺评述[J].天然气工业,2018,38(10):107-113.Song Bin,Li Jing&Gao Xiaogen.Technology of flash gas treatment in sour water of sulfur-bearing gas fields[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(10):107-113
[2]屈撑囤,沈哲,杨帆,高启宝.油气田含硫污水处理技术研究进展[J].油田化学,2009,26(4):453-457.Qu Chengtun,Shen Zhe,Yang Fan&Gao Qibao.Progress of advanced treatment and technologies for sulfide-containing oil/gas field produced waters[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2009,26(4):453-457.
[3]童富良,张永红.含硫气田水处置探讨[J].天然气与石油,2008,26(1):61-63.Tong Fuliang&Zhang Yonghong.Discussion on sulfide-containing gas field produced waters treatment[J].Natural Gas and Oil,2008,26(1):61-63.
[4]胥尚湘.化学法处理气田水的应用前景[J].天然气工业,1988,8(4):81-85.Xu Shangxiang.Application prospects of treating gas field waters by chemical methods[J].Natural Gas Industry,1988,8(4):81-85.
[5]朱权云.高含硫气田水脱硫处理研究[J].石油与天然气化工,1993,22(1):57-62.Zhu Quanyun.Study on de-sulfur treatment of sour gas produced water[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,1993,22(1):57-62.
[6]唐晓东,张小川.含硫气田水的综合治理技术[J].工业水处理,1999,19(4):5-7.Tang Xiaodong&Zhang Xiaochuan.Comprehensive control technique of gas-field sour water[J].Industrial Water Treatment,1999,19(4):5-7.
[7]杨杰,向启贵.含硫气田水达标外排处理技术新进展[J].天然气工业,2017,37(7):126-131.Yang Jie&Xiang Qigui.New progress in wastewater treatment technology for standard-reaching discharge in sour gas fields[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(7):126-131.
[8]王增刚,刘涛,彭龙,张中,陈露.高含硫气田水处理工艺优化改造及效果分析[J].油气田地面工程,2017,36(2):126-131.Wang Zenggang,Liu Tao,Peng Long,Zhang Zhong&Chen Lu.The analysis of water treatment process reformation in high sulfur gas field[J].Oil-Gasfield Surface Engineering,2017,36(2):126-131.
[9]姚华弟,李闽,肖文联,朱国.高含硫气田水处理工艺技术优化[J].化学工程与装备,2017(2):104-105.Yao Huadi,Li Min,Xiao Wenlian&Zhu Guo.High-sulfur gas field produced water treatment process reformation[J].Chemical Engineering&Equipment,2017(2):104-105.
[10]黄小琼,何益杉,武云云,杨海博.龙岗气田水异层回注可行性研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2010,39(6):505-509.Huang Xiaoqiong,He Yishan,Wu Yunyun&Yang Haibo.The feasibility study on gas field water heterostrate recycling of Longgang Gas Field[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,2010,39(6):505-509.
[11]胥尚湘.气田产出水回注问题探讨[J].油气田环境保护,1993,3(2):15-20.Xu Shangxiang.Study of gas field produced water reinjection problems[J].Environmental Protection of Oil&Gas Fields,1993,3(2):15-20.
[12]吴德荣,王江义,石荣华,华峰,杨丽敏,李冰,等.化工工艺设计手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2009.Wu Derong,Wang Jiangyi,Shi Ronghua,Hua Feng,Yang Limin,Li Bing,et al.Chemical process design handbook[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2009.
[13]孟桂萍.气田水回注水质指标的研究[J].石油与天然气化工,1995,24(2):114-122.Meng Guiping.Study on water quality standard for produced water reinjection[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,1995,24(2):114-122.
[14]熊德珍,张功亚.江汉油田注水采油设备的腐蚀与防护[J].油田化学,1991,8(4):310-313.Xiong Dezhen&Zhang Gongya.An investigation into corrosion of water injection and oil production pipelines and equipments in Jianghan oil fields[J].Oilfield Chemistry,1991,8(4):310-313.
[15]全国职业卫生标准委员会.GBZ2-2002工作场所有害因素职业接触限值化学有害因素[S].北京:中华人民共和国卫生部,2007.National Occupational Health Standards Committee.GBZ2-2002Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace Part 1:Chemical hazards agents[S].Beijing:Ministry of Health of the PRC,2007.
[16]国家环境保护局.GB14554-93恶臭污染物排放标准[S].北京:国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局,1993.State Environmental Protection Bureau.GB14554-93 Emission standards for odor pollutants[S].Beijing:State Environmental Protection Bureau&State Bureau of Technical Supervision,1993.
[17]李彦俊,魏宏斌.废水处理中硫化物去除技术的研究与应用[J].净水技术,2010,29(6):9-12.Li Yanjun&Wei Hongbin.Research and application of sulfides removal technology in wastewater treatment[J].Water Purification Technology,2010,29(6):9-12.
[18]宋彬,李静,高晓根.含硫气田水闪蒸气处理工艺评述[J].天然气工业,2018,38(10):107-113.Song Bin,Li Jing&Gao Xiaogen.Technology of flash gas treatment in sour water of sulfur-bearing gas fields[J].Natural Gas Industry,2018,38(10):107-113