长汀水土流失区侵蚀劣地马尾松种群动态
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摘要
先锋树种马尾松种群的生存状态是南方红壤侵蚀退化区开展水土流失治理措施的关键前提。通过对长汀水土流失区侵蚀劣地"小老头松林"的样地调查,基于种群统计的方法,建立年龄结构图和静态生命表、绘制存活曲线和生存分析函数、应用时间序列模型,对侵蚀退化生境马尾松种群动态变化过程开展研究。结果表明:马尾松种群年龄结构呈基部极宽、顶部狭窄的金字塔型,幼龄个体数量丰富但续存率低,成年个体很少,种群增长性低;死亡在各个生活史阶段均有出现,个体存活曲线属于Deevey-Ⅱ型,种群处于动态稳定状态;种群在幼龄期和壮龄期的生存状况不稳定,新生苗和壮龄期个体死亡密度大;种群时间动态预测显示,未来成年个体数量将增多,种群呈增长趋势。今后的森林生态管理中,可针对幼龄个体和壮龄成年个体采取抚育措施,提高小老头松林的生态效益。
The survival of populations of the pioneer species Pinus massoniana is a key precondition for controlling soil and water loss in red soil erosion and degradation areas in southern China. Based on studies conducted in degenerating Pinus massoniana forest plot on the eroded land, the age structure of the population was established, a static life table was compiled, survival curves and the survival analysis function were constructed, and a time-sequence forecasting model was applied to evaluate the characteristics of Pinus massoniana population dynamics under habitat stress. The age structure of the Pinus massoniana population was pyramid type with a wider bottom and narrow top. Young individuals were abundant, with a low renewal survival rate of deposit, and there were fewer middle-aged and older individuals; the growth rate of the population was low. Death occurred at all life cycle stages, and the survival curve was a Deevey-II type, which indicates that the population fits in the habitat but is sensitive to environmental disturbances. The instabilities of population was in young and middle-age, while the death density of the newborn seedlings and the middle-aged individuals were high during the population growth process. The time-sequence model demonstrated that the number of adult individuals would increase as the whole population is growing. We suggest appropriate artificial measures to promote survival of the young and middle-aged individuals, in order to facilitate the continued ecological benefits of Pinus massoniana.
The survival of populations of the pioneer species Pinus massoniana is a key precondition for controlling soil and water loss in red soil erosion and degradation areas in southern China. Based on studies conducted in degenerating Pinus massoniana forest plot on the eroded land, the age structure of the population was established, a static life table was compiled, survival curves and the survival analysis function were constructed, and a time-sequence forecasting model was applied to evaluate the characteristics of Pinus massoniana population dynamics under habitat stress. The age structure of the Pinus massoniana population was pyramid type with a wider bottom and narrow top. Young individuals were abundant, with a low renewal survival rate of deposit, and there were fewer middle-aged and older individuals; the growth rate of the population was low. Death occurred at all life cycle stages, and the survival curve was a Deevey-II type, which indicates that the population fits in the habitat but is sensitive to environmental disturbances. The instabilities of population was in young and middle-age, while the death density of the newborn seedlings and the middle-aged individuals were high during the population growth process. The time-sequence model demonstrated that the number of adult individuals would increase as the whole population is growing. We suggest appropriate artificial measures to promote survival of the young and middle-aged individuals, in order to facilitate the continued ecological benefits of Pinus massoniana.
引文
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[40] Swamy V,Terborgh J,Dexter K G,Best B D,Alvarez P,Cornejo F.Are all seeds equal?Spatially explicit comparisons of seed fall and sapling recruitment in a tropical forest.Ecology Letters,2011,14(2):195- 201.
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[2] Murray B.Plant population dynamics.New Phytologist,2002,155(2):201- 202.
[3] 张文辉,卢彦昌,周建云,张晓辉,史小华.巴山北坡不同干扰条件下栓皮栎种群结构与动态.林业科学,2008,44(7):11- 16.
[4] Silvertown J,Charlesworth D.简明植物种群生物学.李博,译.北京:高等教育出版社,2003:158- 160.
[5] 王伯荪,李鸣光,彭少麟.植物种群学.广州:广东高等教育出版社,1995:39-40
[6] 董鸣.生态学透视.北京:科学出版社,2016:144- 145.
[7] 陈国鹏,赵文智.毛乌素沙地南缘沙柳(Salix psammophila)丛生枝年龄结构与动态特征.中国沙漠,2015,35(6):1520- 1526.
[8] 沈泽昊,方精云,刘增力,伍杰.贡嘎山海螺沟林线附近峨眉冷杉种群的结构与动态.植物学报,2001,43(12):1288- 1293.
[9] 肖宜安,何平,李晓红,邓洪平.濒危植物长柄双花木自然种群数量动态.植物生态学报,2004,28(2):252- 257.
[10] 王立龙,王亮,张丽芳,刘玉洋,徐世健.不同生境下濒危植物裸果木种群结构及动态特征.植物生态学报,2015,39(10):980- 989.
[11] 陈倩,杨晔,史琛媛,徐学华.木兰围场天然次生林优势种群的结构与动态.应用生态学报,2017,28(1):37- 46.
[12] 张桥英.青藏高原东缘高山林线乔木种群生态特征研究[D].成都:中国科学院研究生院(成都生物研究所),2006.
[13] 刘国军,张希明,朱军涛,吕朝燕,鲁艳.准噶尔盆地东南缘梭梭种群结构与动态研究.西北植物学报,2011,31(6):1250- 1256.
[14] 解婷婷,苏培玺,周紫鹃,张海娜,李善家.荒漠绿洲过渡带沙拐枣种群结构及动态特征.生态学报,2014,34(15):4272- 4279.
[15] 韩路,王家强,王海珍,宇振荣.塔里木河上游胡杨种群结构与动态.生态学报,2014,34(16):4640- 4651.
[16] 任青山,杨小林,崔国发,王景升,黄瑜.西藏色季拉山林线冷杉种群结构与动态.生态学报,2007,27(7):2669- 2677.
[17] 易雪梅,张悦,王远遐,姬兰柱,吴培莉.长白山水曲柳种群动态.生态学报,2015,35(1):91- 97.
[18] 宋萍,洪伟,吴承祯,封磊,范海兰,朱慧,林勇明,张琼.珍稀濒危植物桫椤种群结构与动态研究.应用生态学报,2005,16(3):413- 418.
[19] 何东,魏新增,李连发,江明喜,杨敬元,喻杰.神农架山地河岸带连香树的种群结构与动态.植物生态学报,2009,33(3):469- 481.
[20] 张文辉,卢彦昌,周建云,张晓辉,史小华.巴山北坡不同干扰条件下栓皮栎种群结构与动态.林业科学,2008,44(7):11- 16.
[21] 林培治.福建长汀水土流失区马尾松种群动态及其机制研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2013.
[22] 岳辉,钟炳林.长汀县水土保持监测实践与探讨.亚热带水土保持,2006,18(3):63- 64.
[23] 谢锦升,杨玉盛,解明曙.亚热带花岗岩侵蚀红壤的生态退化与恢复技术.水土保持研究,2004,11(3):154- 156.
[24] 张欣影,宁秋蕊,李守中,姜良超,刘溶,张昊泽,陶晶晶.亚热带红壤侵蚀区马尾松针叶生态化学计量特征.水土保持研究,2017,24(2):156- 161.
[25] 赵颖.长汀红壤退化区生态恢复过程中植被—土壤系统养分动态研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2014.
[26] 朱洪如.南方红壤侵蚀区退化马尾松林改造治理模式及实施技术.林业勘察设计,2017,37(1):58- 60.
[27] 阮伏水.关于南方花岗岩侵蚀坡地治理中的若干问题思考//水土保持发展战略——中国水土流失与生态安全综合科学考察及水土保持发展战略研讨会论文集.北京:中国水土流失与生态安全综合科学考察领导小组办公室,中国小流域治理管理项目指导委员会秘书处,中国水土保持委员会秘书处,2008:5- 5.
[28] Frost I,Rydin H.Spatial pattern and size distribution of the animal-dispersed tree Quercus robur in two spruce-dominated forests.écoscience,2000,7(1):38- 44.
[29] 韩路,席琳乔,王家强,王海珍,宇振荣.塔里木河上游灰胡杨种群生活史特征与空间分布格局.生态学报,2013,33(19):6181- 6190.
[30] 于大炮,周莉,董百丽,代力民,王庆礼.长白山北坡岳桦种群结构及动态分析.生态学杂志,2004,23(5):30- 34.
[31] 陈晓德.植物种群与群落结构动态量化分析方法研究.生态学报,1998,18(2):214- 217.
[32] Harcombe P A.Tree life tables.BioScience,1987,37(8):557- 568.
[33] 江洪.云杉种群生态学.北京:中国林业出版社,1992:8-10.
[34] 李金昕,吴定军,章世鹏,何显湘,陈坚,史清茂,胥晓.四川米仓山自然保护区台湾水青冈种群生命表及动态分析.植物研究,2016,36(1):68- 74.
[35] 杨凤翔,王顺庆,徐海根,李邦庆.生存分析理论及其在研究生命表中的应用.生态学报,1991,11(2):153- 158.
[36] 赵志刚,郭俊杰,曾杰,徐建民.广西大明山格木种群的空间分布格局与数量动态特征.林业科学,2014,50(10):1- 7.
[37] Silvertown J W,Charlesworth D.Introduction to plant population biology.Oxford:Blackwell Science,2001.
[38] 张文辉,许晓波,周建云,谢宗强.濒危植物秦岭冷杉种群数量动态.应用生态学报,2005,16(10):1799- 1804.
[39] 谭健晖,唐生森,陈虎.马尾松抗旱性研究进展.广西林业科学,2017,46(1):1- 7.
[40] Swamy V,Terborgh J,Dexter K G,Best B D,Alvarez P,Cornejo F.Are all seeds equal?Spatially explicit comparisons of seed fall and sapling recruitment in a tropical forest.Ecology Letters,2011,14(2):195- 201.
[41] Sánchez-Coronado M E,Coates R,Castro-Colina L,Gamboa de Buen A,Paez-Valencia J,Barradas V L,Huante P,Orozco-Segovia A.Improving seed germination and seedling growth of Omphalea oleifera (Euphorbiaceae) for restoration projects in tropical rain forests.Forest Ecology and Management,2007,243(1):144- 155.
[42] 王金山,哈力克·玉米提,Cyffka B,吾斯曼·库尔班,彭树宏.塔里木河下游胡杨林胸径结构及林木分布特征.植物学通报,2008,25(6):728- 733.
[43] Fenner M,Thompson K.The Ecology of Seeds[D].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2005.
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