我国氢能发展现状与前景展望
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摘要
氢既是重要的工业原料也是支撑未来能源系统清洁转型的重要二次能源。虽然相比电能氢能具有能源互联、易于储存、应用面广等优点,但在我国氢能的发展中也存在技术成熟度不高、产业基础薄弱、安全性有待提高等方面的现实问题。本文从我国氢能生产与消费现状出发,分析了未来氢能在我国能源工业中的应用潜力,并重点对氢能生命周期环境影响和技术经济性水平进行了量化分析。研究发现,一次能源的结构显著影响氢能的环境价值。随着燃料电池成本下降,未来氢能利用的竞争力将逐步提升。特别是在重型交通领域推广氢能不仅具有较高的技术可行性和经济性,其在可再生能源为主的电力系统中也具有较高的系统应用价值。
Hydrogen is an important industrial raw material and an important secondary energy source to support the clean transformation of future energy systems. Compared with electricity, hydrogen prevails in several ways including interconnection among various energy forms, energy storage capacity and heavy-duty application. However,the development of hydrogen in China is still facing challenges such as technology maturity, manufacture capacity and safety issues. This paper summarizes the current situation of hydrogen energy production and consumption in China and analyzes the application potential of hydrogen particularly in heavy-duty transport sector. It shows that primary energy structure significantly affects the environmental value of hydrogen energy. The declining cost of fuel cell technology will also improve the economics of hydrogen use. Furthermore, the large-scale application of hydrogen can also enhance the reliability of power system where the variable renewable energy is highly developed.
Hydrogen is an important industrial raw material and an important secondary energy source to support the clean transformation of future energy systems. Compared with electricity, hydrogen prevails in several ways including interconnection among various energy forms, energy storage capacity and heavy-duty application. However,the development of hydrogen in China is still facing challenges such as technology maturity, manufacture capacity and safety issues. This paper summarizes the current situation of hydrogen energy production and consumption in China and analyzes the application potential of hydrogen particularly in heavy-duty transport sector. It shows that primary energy structure significantly affects the environmental value of hydrogen energy. The declining cost of fuel cell technology will also improve the economics of hydrogen use. Furthermore, the large-scale application of hydrogen can also enhance the reliability of power system where the variable renewable energy is highly developed.
引文
[1]中国标准化研究院,全国氢能标准化技术委员会.中国氢能产业基础设施发展蓝皮书(2016)[M].21.
[2]中国标准化研究院,全国氢能标准化技术委员会.中国氢能产业基础设施发展蓝皮书(2016)[M].22.
[3]Cano,Zachary&Banham,Dustin&Ye,et.al.Batteries and fuel cells for emerging electric vehicle markets[J].Nature Energy,2018,3:279-289.
[4]Argonne National Laboratory.GREET Lifecycle Model-User Guide[Z].Center for Transportation Research Energy Systems Division,ANL.
[5]赵岩.煤制氢器-当今全加氢型炼油厂的发展方向[J].炼油技术与工程,2012.
[6]Dimitrios Papageorgopoulos.Fuel Cells Program Area-Plenary Presentation[A].2017 Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting[C].Fuel Cell Technologies Office,US Department of Energy,2017.
[2]中国标准化研究院,全国氢能标准化技术委员会.中国氢能产业基础设施发展蓝皮书(2016)[M].22.
[3]Cano,Zachary&Banham,Dustin&Ye,et.al.Batteries and fuel cells for emerging electric vehicle markets[J].Nature Energy,2018,3:279-289.
[4]Argonne National Laboratory.GREET Lifecycle Model-User Guide[Z].Center for Transportation Research Energy Systems Division,ANL.
[5]赵岩.煤制氢器-当今全加氢型炼油厂的发展方向[J].炼油技术与工程,2012.
[6]Dimitrios Papageorgopoulos.Fuel Cells Program Area-Plenary Presentation[A].2017 Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting[C].Fuel Cell Technologies Office,US Department of Energy,2017.