粤港澳大湾区生态功能网络构建及对策
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摘要
生态安全格局构建是快速城市扩张背景下缓解生态保护和土地开发矛盾、保障区域生态安全的有效途径。生态源地识别与空间阻力面构建一直是生态安全格局构建中的技术难点。以粤港澳大湾区为研究对象,利用1980、1995和2010年3期遥感影像数据,分析土地利用景观格局变化,提取生态源地,采用最小累积阻力模型判定生态廊道,从而综合构建生态功能网络。结果表明:(1)研究区土地利用景观格局变化剧烈,林地始终保持较大优势度,耕地、林地的斑块结合度和聚集度不断下降,破碎化程度有所增加,景观整体趋于不稳定。(2)湾区生态源地总面积约为2 638. 3 km~2,潜在生态廊道长约705 km,整体生态环境有所改善,但是珠江口东部地区生态连通性差。(3)基于保障自然生态系统的需求,生态源地建设应以北部连绵山体生态屏障和南部海岸等为基底,建设高质量的连片森林,统筹协调跨区域的山林屏障带建设,改善生态源地连通度并提升区域生态系统服务,建设世界级森林城市群。
Ecological security patterns are important for the optimal allocation of ecological resources,and for restricting the expansion of cities. In order to implement effective protection for maintaining ecological safety in urban agglomeration,it is important to plan and support regional green space. Currently,technical difficulties in studying ecological security patterns are linked to the identification of ecological sources and the construction of spatial resistance surfaces. RS and GIS technology were used to identify ecological landscape types and landscape patterns in the urban agglomeration of the Greater Bay Area using data from 1980,1995 and 2010. Ecological source patches were identified by evaluating ecosystem service importance. A regional ecological network was constructed using the minimum cumulative resistance model and the layout of eco-spatial structure in the region was optimized. Results show that:(1)forestland was the dominant landscape in the study area. The land-use landscape tended to be unstable,with fragmentation increasing and the index of COHESION and AI of farmland and forestland decreasing;(2)the area of ecological sources was approximately 2 638. 3 km~2,with the ecological source areas accounting for 9% of the forestland. The key ecological corridors,distributed in a branch shape with a radial pattern,were 705 km long. Although the overall ecological environment has improved,distribution was uneven,especially for the connectivity of the ecological corridors to the east of the Pearl River area;(3)in order to enhance the integrity and penetration of the natural ecosystem,it is proposed that to construct a high quality continuous forest based on the northern mountainous ecological barrier and the southern coast forest. At the same time,it is important to coordinate the construction of a cross-regional forest barrier belt to improve connectivity of ecological sources and to enhance regional ecosystem services.
Ecological security patterns are important for the optimal allocation of ecological resources,and for restricting the expansion of cities. In order to implement effective protection for maintaining ecological safety in urban agglomeration,it is important to plan and support regional green space. Currently,technical difficulties in studying ecological security patterns are linked to the identification of ecological sources and the construction of spatial resistance surfaces. RS and GIS technology were used to identify ecological landscape types and landscape patterns in the urban agglomeration of the Greater Bay Area using data from 1980,1995 and 2010. Ecological source patches were identified by evaluating ecosystem service importance. A regional ecological network was constructed using the minimum cumulative resistance model and the layout of eco-spatial structure in the region was optimized. Results show that:(1)forestland was the dominant landscape in the study area. The land-use landscape tended to be unstable,with fragmentation increasing and the index of COHESION and AI of farmland and forestland decreasing;(2)the area of ecological sources was approximately 2 638. 3 km~2,with the ecological source areas accounting for 9% of the forestland. The key ecological corridors,distributed in a branch shape with a radial pattern,were 705 km long. Although the overall ecological environment has improved,distribution was uneven,especially for the connectivity of the ecological corridors to the east of the Pearl River area;(3)in order to enhance the integrity and penetration of the natural ecosystem,it is proposed that to construct a high quality continuous forest based on the northern mountainous ecological barrier and the southern coast forest. At the same time,it is important to coordinate the construction of a cross-regional forest barrier belt to improve connectivity of ecological sources and to enhance regional ecosystem services.
引文
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[14]刘菁华,李伟峰,周伟奇,等.京津冀城市群扩张模式对区域生态安全的影响预测[J].生态学报,2018,38(5):1650-1660.[LIU Jing-hua,LI Wei-feng,ZHOU Wei-qi,et al.Prediction of Expansion Pattern and Impact on Regional Ecological Security of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Metropolitan Region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(5):1650-1660.]
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[16]胡志仁,龚建周,李天翔,等.珠江三角洲城市群生态安全评价及态势分析[J].生态环境学报,2018,27(2):304-312.[HU Zhi-ren,GONG Jian-zhou,LI Tian-xiang,et al.Ecological Security Assessment and Situation Analysis of Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2018,27(2):304-312.]
[17]彭建,赵会娟,刘焱序,等.区域生态安全格局构建研究进展与展望[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):407-419.[PENG Jian,ZHAO Hui-juan,LIU Yan-xu,et al.Research Progress and Prospect on Regional Ecological Security Pattern Construction[J].Geographical Research,2017,36(3):407-419.]
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