固体氧化物燃料电池直接以焦炭为燃料的电性能（英文）
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摘要
直接碳固体氧化物燃料电池(DC-SOFC)是一种潜在的固体碳燃料高效率、低污染发电技术。本研究报道了将工业焦炭直接用作管式DC-SOFC燃料的研究。制备了电极材料为Ag-GDC(钆掺杂氧化铈)的YSZ(钇稳定化氧化锆)电解质支撑型管式固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)。采用拉曼光谱、扫描电镜和X射线能谱仪对焦炭燃料进行了性质表征。结果表明,焦炭燃料呈微米级的颗粒状,并含有大量对Boudouard反应有利的缺陷结构。电池以纯焦炭为燃料在850℃取得的最大功率密度为149 mW/cm~2,在碳燃料表面负载能提高Boudouard反应速率的Fe催化剂后,最大功率密度提高至217 mW/cm~2。通过电化学测试和尾气表征,分析了恒电流放电过程中电池的性能衰减机制。测试结果证明了将焦炭直接用作全固态DCSOFC的燃料产生电能的可行性。
Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell( DC-SOFC) is a potential technology for generating electricity from solid carbon fuel with high conversion efficiency and low pollution. In this study,the use of industrial coke as a fuel for a direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell( DC-SOFC) was investigated. Tubular yttrium-stabilized zirconia( YSZ) electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cells( SOFCs) with a cermet of silver and gadolinium-doped ceria( Ag-GDC) as electrode material were fabricated. Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were applied to characterize the investigated coke fuels. It was observed that the coke fuel wa micron-sized particles with many structural defects,which favored the Boudouard reaction occurring in a DC-SOFC. A peak power density of 149 mW/cm~2 at 850℃ was observed for pure coke fuel,and it improved to 217 mW/cm2 when a Fe-based catalyst was added to enhance the Boudouard reaction. The degradation performance of the DCSOFC during a discharging test was analyzed according to the electrochemical characterization and emitted gas measurements. The performed test supported the feasibility of using coke as fuel in an all-solid-state DC-SOFC to generate electricity.
Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell( DC-SOFC) is a potential technology for generating electricity from solid carbon fuel with high conversion efficiency and low pollution. In this study,the use of industrial coke as a fuel for a direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell( DC-SOFC) was investigated. Tubular yttrium-stabilized zirconia( YSZ) electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cells( SOFCs) with a cermet of silver and gadolinium-doped ceria( Ag-GDC) as electrode material were fabricated. Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were applied to characterize the investigated coke fuels. It was observed that the coke fuel wa micron-sized particles with many structural defects,which favored the Boudouard reaction occurring in a DC-SOFC. A peak power density of 149 mW/cm~2 at 850℃ was observed for pure coke fuel,and it improved to 217 mW/cm2 when a Fe-based catalyst was added to enhance the Boudouard reaction. The degradation performance of the DCSOFC during a discharging test was analyzed according to the electrochemical characterization and emitted gas measurements. The performed test supported the feasibility of using coke as fuel in an all-solid-state DC-SOFC to generate electricity.
引文
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[24]ZHANG L,XIAO J,XIE Y M,TANG Y B,LIU J,LIU M L.Behavior of strontium-and magnesium-doped gallate electrolyte in direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells[J].J Alloy Compound,2014,608:272-277.
[25]CAI W Z,LIU J,XIE Y M,XIAO J,LIU M L.An investigation on the kinetics of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells[J].J Solid State Electr,2016,20(8):2207-2216.
[2]CAO D,SUN Y,WANG G.Direct carbon fuel cell:Fundamentals and recent developments[J].J Power Sources,2007,167(2):250-257.
[3]GIDDEY S,BADWAL S P S,KULKARNI A,MUNNINGS C.A comprehensive review of direct carbon fuel cell technology[J].Prog Energy Combust,2012,38(3):360-399.
[4]GUR T M.Critical review of carbon conversion in“carbon fuel cells”[J].Chem Rev,2013,113(8):6179-6206.
[5]LIU J,ZHOU M Y,ZHANG Y P,LIU Z J,XIE Y M,CAI W Z,YU F Y,ZHOU Q,WANG X Q,NI M,LIU M L.Electrochemical oxidation of carbon at high temperature:Principles and applications[J].Energy Fuels,2017,32(4):4107-4117.
[6]NAKAGAWA N,ISHIDA M.Performance of an internal direct-oxidation carbon fuel cell and its evaluation by graphic exergy analysis[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,1988,27(7):1181-1185.
[7]XIE Y M,TANG Y B,LIU J.A verification of the reaction mechanism of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells[J].J Solid State Electr,2013,17(1):121-127.
[8]TANG Y B,LIU J.Fueling solid oxide fuel cells with activated carbon[J].Acta Phys Chim Sin,2010,26(5):1191-1194.
[9]TANG Y B,LIU J.Effect of anode and boudouard reaction catalysts on the performance of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells[J].Int JHydrogen Energy,2010,35(20):11188-11193.
[10]LIU R Z,ZHAO C H,LI J L,ZENG F R,WANG S R,WEN T L,WEN Z Y.A novel direct carbon fuel cell by approach of tubular solid oxide fuel cells[J].J Power Sources,2010,195(2):480-482.
[11]WU Y Z,SU C,ZHANG C M,RAN R,SHAO Z P.A new carbon fuel cell with high power output by integrating with in situ catalytic reverse Boudouard reaction[J].Electrochem Commun,2009,11(6)1265-1268.
[12]BAI Y H,LIU Y,TANG Y B,XIE Y M,LIU J.Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell-a potential high performance battery[J].Int J Hydrogen Energy,2011,36(15):9189-9194.
[13]YU F Y,ZHANG Y P,YU L,CAI W Z,YUAN L L,LIU J,LIU M L.All-solid-state direct carbon fuel cells with thin yttrium-stabilizedzirconia electrolyte supported on nickel and iron bimetal-based anodes[J].Int J Hydrogen Energy,2016,41(21):9048-9058.
[14]CAI W Z,ZHOU Q,XIE Y M,LIU J,LONG G Q,CHENG S,LIU M L.A direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell operated on a plant derived biofuel with natural catalyst[J].Appl Energy,2016,179:1232-1241.
[15]ZHOU Q,CAI W Z,ZHANG Y P,LIU J,YUAN L L,YU F Y,WANG X Q,LIU M L.Electricity generation from corn cob char though a direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell[J].Biomass Bioenergy,2016,91:250-258.
[16]RADY A C,GIDDEY S,KULKARNI A,BADWAL S P S,BHATTACHARYA S.Direct carbon fuel cell operation on brown coal with a Ni-GDC-YSZ anode[J].Electrochim Acta,2015,178:721-731.
[17]JIAO Y,ZHAO J H,AN W T,ZHANG L Q,SHA Y J,YANG G M,SHAO Z P,ZHU Z P,LI S D.Structurally modified coal char as a fuel for solid oxide-based carbon fuel cells with improved performance[J].J Power Sources,2015,288:106-114.
[18]XU K,CHEN C,LIU H,TIAN Y,LI X,YAO H.Effect of coal based pyrolysis gases on the performance of solid oxide direct carbon fuel cells[J].Int J Hydrogen Energy,2014,39:17845-17851
[19]JIAO Y,TIAN W J,CHEN H L,SHI H G,YANG B B,LI C,SHAO Z P,ZHU Z P,LI S D.In situ catalyzed boudouard reaction of coal char for solid oxide-based carbon fuel cells with improved performance[J].Appl Energy,2015,141:200-208.
[20]XIE Y M,CAI W Z,XIAO J,TANG Y B,LIU J,LIU M L.Electrochemical gas-electricity cogeneration through direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells[J].J Power Sources,2015,277:1-8.
[21]GUZMAN F,SINGH R,CHUANG S S C.Direct use of sulfur-containing coke on a Ni-yttria-stabilized zirconia anode solid oxide fuel cell[J].Energy Fuels,2011,25(5):2179-2186.
[22]XIE Y M,WANG X Q,LIU J,YU C L.Fabrication and performance of tubular electrolyte-supporting direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell by dip coating technique[J].Acta Phys Chim Sin,2017,33(2):386-392.
[23]LIU J,SU W H,LZ,JI Y,PEI L,LIU W,HE T M.A rapid sealing method for solid oxide fuel cell using metal conductive adhesive:CN,02133049.2[P].2002-09-25.
[24]ZHANG L,XIAO J,XIE Y M,TANG Y B,LIU J,LIU M L.Behavior of strontium-and magnesium-doped gallate electrolyte in direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells[J].J Alloy Compound,2014,608:272-277.
[25]CAI W Z,LIU J,XIE Y M,XIAO J,LIU M L.An investigation on the kinetics of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells[J].J Solid State Electr,2016,20(8):2207-2216.