新疆某高校大学生最大摄氧量心率恢复及乳酸消除速率的关系
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摘要
目的了解新疆4个民族大学生的有氧耐力水平、有氧代谢能力及运动后心血管功能恢复能力,为不同民族大学生参与体育锻炼及体育教学运动负荷制定提供实验依据。方法 2018年9月,随机选取80名维吾尔族、哈萨克族、塔吉克族、汉族4个民族大学生,采用12 min跑测试推测最大摄氧量(VO_2max)水平,采用定量负荷运动检测运动后血乳酸和心率水平,并分析三者的关联性。结果塔吉克族男生VO_2max水平最高,为[(48.36±4.75) mL·(kg·min)~(-1)],女生组维吾尔族学生VO_2max水平最高,为[(36.04±4.21) mL·(kg·min)~(-1)],定量负荷运动后,哈萨克族男生运动后1 min速率(HRR1)高于维吾尔族、哈萨克族及汉族男生,女生组HRR1差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);维吾尔族学生血乳酸恢复速率高于哈萨克族学生(P<0.05)。其余各性别及民族组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);相关分析结果显示,维吾尔族、塔吉克族、汉族男生HRR1与VO_2max呈负相关(r值分别为-0.93,-0.73,-0.94,P值均<0.05);维吾尔族及汉族学生HRR1与VO_2max呈负相关(r值分别为-0.88,-0.87,P值均<0.05); 4个民族大学生血乳酸恢复能力与VO_2max水平除哈萨克族男生外均呈正相关(男:r值分别为0.58,0.98,0.77;女:r值分别为0.75,0.89,0.90,0.94,P值均<0.05);维吾尔族、塔吉克族、哈萨克族男生(r值分别为-0.74,-0.67,-0.81,P值均<0.05)及维吾尔族、塔吉克族、汉族女生(r值分别为-0.98,-0.87,-0.73,P值均<0.05) HRR1与运动后血乳酸恢复速率间呈负相关。结论新疆4个民族大学生的有氧代谢能力、心率恢复及乳酸消除速率存在民族及性别差异,各项指标间可能存在内在关联。
Objective To understand the aerobic endurance level, aerobic metabolism ability and cardiovascular function recovery ability of 4 ethnic college students in Xinjiang, and to provide experimental basis for students of different ethnic groups to participate in physical exercise and sports teaching load design.Methods In September 2018, 80 college students of Uygur,Kazak, Tajik and Han nationalities were randomly selected, and their VO_2max levels were predicted by using a 12 min running test.Blood lactic acid and heart rate levels after exercise were detected by quantitative load exercise, and the correlation among the three was analyzed.Results Male Tajik students had the highest VO_2max level [(48.36 ± 4.75) mL·(kg· min)~(-1)], and female Uygur students had the highest VO_2max level [(36.04± 4.21) mL·(kg· min)-~(-1)] After quantitative load exercise, HRR1 of male Kazak students was higher than that of male Uygur, Kazak and Han students.The blood lactic acid recovery rate of Uygur students was higher than that of Kazak students(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other groups(P>0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that HRR1 was negatively correlated with VO_2max in Uygur, Tajik and Han male students(r =-0.93,-0.87,P < 0.05).There was a negative correlation between HRR1 and VO_2max in Uygur and Han students(r =-0.88,-0.73,-0.94,P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between blood lactic acid recovery ability and VO_2max level in 4 ethnic college students except Kazak male students(male: r = 0.58, 0.98, 0.77; Female: r = 0.75, 0.89, 0.90, 0.94,P < 0.05).Male Uygur, Tajik and Kazak(r =-0.74,-0.67,-0.81, P<0.05) and female Uygur,Tajik and Han(r =-0.98,-0.87,-0.73, P<0.05) HRR1 was negatively correlated with blood lactic acid recovery rate after exercise.Conclusion There are ethnic and gender differences in the aerobic metabolism, heart rate recovery and lactic acid elimination rate of the four ethnic college students in Xinjiang.
Objective To understand the aerobic endurance level, aerobic metabolism ability and cardiovascular function recovery ability of 4 ethnic college students in Xinjiang, and to provide experimental basis for students of different ethnic groups to participate in physical exercise and sports teaching load design.Methods In September 2018, 80 college students of Uygur,Kazak, Tajik and Han nationalities were randomly selected, and their VO_2max levels were predicted by using a 12 min running test.Blood lactic acid and heart rate levels after exercise were detected by quantitative load exercise, and the correlation among the three was analyzed.Results Male Tajik students had the highest VO_2max level [(48.36 ± 4.75) mL·(kg· min)~(-1)], and female Uygur students had the highest VO_2max level [(36.04± 4.21) mL·(kg· min)-~(-1)] After quantitative load exercise, HRR1 of male Kazak students was higher than that of male Uygur, Kazak and Han students.The blood lactic acid recovery rate of Uygur students was higher than that of Kazak students(P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the other groups(P>0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that HRR1 was negatively correlated with VO_2max in Uygur, Tajik and Han male students(r =-0.93,-0.87,P < 0.05).There was a negative correlation between HRR1 and VO_2max in Uygur and Han students(r =-0.88,-0.73,-0.94,P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between blood lactic acid recovery ability and VO_2max level in 4 ethnic college students except Kazak male students(male: r = 0.58, 0.98, 0.77; Female: r = 0.75, 0.89, 0.90, 0.94,P < 0.05).Male Uygur, Tajik and Kazak(r =-0.74,-0.67,-0.81, P<0.05) and female Uygur,Tajik and Han(r =-0.98,-0.87,-0.73, P<0.05) HRR1 was negatively correlated with blood lactic acid recovery rate after exercise.Conclusion There are ethnic and gender differences in the aerobic metabolism, heart rate recovery and lactic acid elimination rate of the four ethnic college students in Xinjiang.
引文
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[21]周兴生,林文弢,何晓龙,等.男子足球运动员YO-YO测试与运动后血乳酸、心率变化相关性的分析[J].广州体育学院学报,2017,37(4):85-89.
[22]THOMSON R L,BELLENGER C R,HOWE P R C,et al.Improved heart rate recovery despite reduced exercise performance following heavy training:a within-subject analysis[J].J Sci Med Sport,2016,19(3):255-259.
[23]黄传业,何子红,洪平,等.16周前后两次运动后心率恢复测试的重复性研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2015,34(9):825-830.
[24]ONG-CHAN Y,NAMKI H,JAEWON O,et al.Post-exercise heart rate recovery independently predicts clinical outcome in patients with acute decompensated heart failure[J].PLoS One,2016,11(5):e0154534.
[2]ASTORINO T A,EDMUNDS R M,CLARK A,et al.High-intensity interval training increases cardiac output and VO2max[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2017,49(2):265.
[3]黄传业,洪平,何子红,等.观看电视时间与心血管事件风险关系:基于运动后心率恢复和心率变异横向研究[J].体育科学,2015,35(5):48-54.
[4]向宇宏,巴义名.中等强度有氧运动对贵州少数民族大学生心肺功能的影响[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(9):1424-1426.
[5]郝文亭,张雅玲,张洪流.新疆不同民族大学生神经类型与适宜运动项目的相关研究[J].海南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2006,19(2):188-192.
[6]王国军,温含,武雅琼.跑节省化、最大摄氧量评价普通人有氧耐力的效果比较[J].中国组织工程研究,2013,17(7):1265-1272.
[7]蔡广,陆大江,沈勋章.两种台阶实验间接推算和直接测试最大摄氧量的比较[J].中国组织工程研究,2008,12(15):2918-2921.
[8]彭莉.置疑最大摄氧量:测试方法与判定标准[J].体育科学,2011,31(7):85-91.
[9]王国元,何恩鹏,阿布都克依木·热合曼.新疆维吾尔族运动员ACE基因I/D多态与有氧运动能力关联研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2009,26(2):214-218.
[10]郭淑霞,李娜,丁毓磊,等.哈萨克族居民高血压与ACE和AT_1R基因多态性[J].中国公共卫生,2010,26(3):259-261.
[11]李立群,李汉杰,王飏,等.高原训练对轮椅竞速运动员有氧能力的影响[J].北京体育大学学报,2013(5):74-77.
[12]马业康.新疆农牧区13~15岁哈萨克族中学生体质下降干预对策研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2011.
[13]韩加,努尔波拉提·依利亚斯,阿里木江·海米提,等.新疆医科大学维吾尔族大学生营养知识、态度、膳食行为调查[J].新疆医科大学学报,2007,30(3):238-240.
[14]吴晓飞,肖辉,林艺,等.乌鲁木齐市中学生早餐行为调查[J].中国预防医学杂志,2010(12):1266-1269.
[15]李建疆,范磊,张惠.新疆维吾尔族大学生体育锻炼特征及其影响因素的调查研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,2010,44(9):62-65.
[16]彭立群.新疆大学生闲暇体育行为的调查与研究[J].西安体育学院学报,2002,19(3):38-39.
[17]朱成东,林华.运动后心率恢复:大众健身有氧评价新思路述评[J].体育学刊,2017,24(5):134-139.
[18]冯炜权.血乳酸与运动训练[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1990.
[19]GINNEKEN V V,BOOT R.Blood plasma substrates and muscle lactic-acid response after exhaustive exercise in common carp and trout:indications for a limited lactate-shuttle[J].Animal Biol,2004,54(2):119-130.
[20]沈友青,徐国栋.递增负荷运动后肌氧含量和血乳酸的恢复研究[J].中国体育科技,2011,47(5):73-77.
[21]周兴生,林文弢,何晓龙,等.男子足球运动员YO-YO测试与运动后血乳酸、心率变化相关性的分析[J].广州体育学院学报,2017,37(4):85-89.
[22]THOMSON R L,BELLENGER C R,HOWE P R C,et al.Improved heart rate recovery despite reduced exercise performance following heavy training:a within-subject analysis[J].J Sci Med Sport,2016,19(3):255-259.
[23]黄传业,何子红,洪平,等.16周前后两次运动后心率恢复测试的重复性研究[J].中国运动医学杂志,2015,34(9):825-830.
[24]ONG-CHAN Y,NAMKI H,JAEWON O,et al.Post-exercise heart rate recovery independently predicts clinical outcome in patients with acute decompensated heart failure[J].PLoS One,2016,11(5):e0154534.