有机滴灌肥对酿酒葡萄园土壤微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响
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摘要
针对宁夏贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄产区土壤贫瘠、肥料种类少、利用率低等问题,通过田间试验设置常规施肥(CK)、常规施肥+生物有机肥提取液(T1)、常规施肥+氨基酸肥(T2)、常规施肥+海藻肥(T3)、常规施肥+沼液肥(T4),分析不同有机滴灌肥处理的土壤肥力状况。通过主成分和聚类分析,综合评价不同施肥处理的土壤肥力差异,采用最短距离法对各施肥处理进行系统聚类。结果表明,土壤生物学指标和化学指标表现出显著或极显著的正相关关系。土壤肥力质量排序为T4>T2>T3>T1>CK。不同施肥处理的土壤肥力质量可聚为3类,常规施肥和常规施肥+生物有机肥提取液两个处理聚为一类,土壤肥力质量为三等,常规施肥+海藻肥处理单独聚为一类,土壤肥力质量为二等,常规施肥+氨基酸和常规施肥+沼液肥两个处理聚为一类,土壤肥力质量为一等,最好。追施有机滴灌肥处理的土壤肥力质量要高于常规处理。因此,应提倡追施其他种类有机滴灌肥以提高土壤肥力质量,实现农田可持续利用。
In order to solve the problems of poor soil fertility,less varieties of fertilizer and low utilization rate in the Donglu wine producing areas of Helan Mountain in Ningxia,four treatments were set up in the experiment,including conventional fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization and bioorganic fertilizer extract(T1),conventional fertilization and amino acid fertilizer(T2),conventional fertilization and seaweed fertilizer(T3),conventional fertilization and biogas slurry fertilizer(T4),and soil fertility under different organic drip irrigation treatments was analyzed.The soilfertility differences under different fertilization treatments were evaluated comprehensively by principal component and cluster analysis andfertilization treatments were clustered systematically by the shortest distance method.The results showed that soil biological and chemical indicators showed significant or extremely significant positive correlations.The order of soil fertility quality was T4>T2>T3>T1>CK.The soil fertility under different fertilization treatments were grouped into three groups.The two treatments of conventional fertilization,conventional fertilization and bio-organic fertilizer were clustered into one group,and the quality of soil fertility belonged to grade three.The treatment of conventional fertilization and seaweed fertilization was clustered into the group which the quality of soil fertility was equal to the second class.The two treatments of conventional fertilizer and amino acid,conventional fertilization and biogas slurry fertilizer were combined into one class,and soil fertility quality was the best.The quality of soil fertility under topdressing organic drip irrigation is higher than that of conventional treatment.Therefore,organic drip-fertigation should be promoted in order to improve soil fertility quality and achieve sustainable use of farmland.
In order to solve the problems of poor soil fertility,less varieties of fertilizer and low utilization rate in the Donglu wine producing areas of Helan Mountain in Ningxia,four treatments were set up in the experiment,including conventional fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization and bioorganic fertilizer extract(T1),conventional fertilization and amino acid fertilizer(T2),conventional fertilization and seaweed fertilizer(T3),conventional fertilization and biogas slurry fertilizer(T4),and soil fertility under different organic drip irrigation treatments was analyzed.The soilfertility differences under different fertilization treatments were evaluated comprehensively by principal component and cluster analysis andfertilization treatments were clustered systematically by the shortest distance method.The results showed that soil biological and chemical indicators showed significant or extremely significant positive correlations.The order of soil fertility quality was T4>T2>T3>T1>CK.The soil fertility under different fertilization treatments were grouped into three groups.The two treatments of conventional fertilization,conventional fertilization and bio-organic fertilizer were clustered into one group,and the quality of soil fertility belonged to grade three.The treatment of conventional fertilization and seaweed fertilization was clustered into the group which the quality of soil fertility was equal to the second class.The two treatments of conventional fertilizer and amino acid,conventional fertilization and biogas slurry fertilizer were combined into one class,and soil fertility quality was the best.The quality of soil fertility under topdressing organic drip irrigation is higher than that of conventional treatment.Therefore,organic drip-fertigation should be promoted in order to improve soil fertility quality and achieve sustainable use of farmland.
引文
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[15]史吉平,张夫道,林葆.长期定位施肥对土壤腐殖质理化性质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(2):174-180.
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[19]鲁艳红,杨曾平,郑圣先,等.长期施用化肥、猪粪和稻草对红壤水稻土化学和生物化学性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):921-929.
[20]许晓瑞,王锐,纪立东,等.有机培肥对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄及土壤化学性质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,(12):183-187.
[21]俞慎,李勇,王俊华,等.土壤微生物生物量作为红壤质量生物指标的探讨[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3):413-422.
[22]郭晓霞,刘景辉,张星杰,等.免耕对旱作燕麦田耕层土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响[J].土壤学报,2012,49(3):575-582.
[23]Mandal A,Patra A K,Singh D,et al.Effect of long-term application of manure and fertilizer on biological and biochemical activities in soil during crop development stages[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(18):3585-3592.
[24]马晓霞,王莲莲,黎青慧,等.长期施肥对玉米生育期土壤微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(17):5502-5511.
[25]Gong L,Ran Q,He G,et al.A soil quality assessment under different land use types in Keriya river basin,Southern Xinjiang,China[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2015,146:223-229.
[26]Govaerts B,Sayre K D,Deckers J.A minimum data set for soil quality assessment of wheat and maize cropping in the highlands of Mexico[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2006,87(2):163-174.
[27]Vasu D,Singh S K,Ray S K,et al.Soil quality index(SQI)as a tool to evaluate crop productivity in semi-arid Deccan plateau,India[J].Geoderma,2016,282:70-79.
[28]陈吉,赵炳梓,张佳宝,等.主成分分析方法在长期施肥土壤质量评价中的应用[J].土壤,2010,42(3):415-420.
[2]李晖,赵福林,杨嘉应,等.不同施肥水平及玉米种植对土壤微生物生物量碳氮的影响分析[J].南方农业,2016,10(27):1-2.
[3]王海英,宫渊波,龚伟.不同林分土壤微生物、酶活性与土壤肥力的关系研究综述[J].四川林勘设计,2005,(3):9-14.
[4]韩新宁.土壤酶对土壤环境质量的作用及影响[J].北方农业学报,2008,(4):90-92.
[5]Dick R P,Pankhurst C,Doube B M,et al.Soil enzyme activities as integrative indicators of soil health[M].Wallingford:Cab International,1997.
[6]贾伟,周怀平,解文艳,等.长期有机无机肥配施对褐土微生物生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(4):700-705.
[7]Bohme L,Langer U,Bohme F.Microbial biomass,enzyme activities and microbial community structure in two European long-term field experiments[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2005,109(1):141-152.
[8]Yusuf A A,Abaidoo R C,Iwuafor E N O,et al.Rotation effects of grain legumes and fallow on maize yield,microbial biomass and chemical properties of an Alfisol in the Nigerian savanna[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2009,129(1-3):325-331.
[9]李娟,赵秉强,李秀英,等.长期有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(1):142-152.
[10]张静,杨江舟,胡伟,等.生物有机肥对大豆红冠腐病及土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(3):548-554.
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007.
[12]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[13]吴金水.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.
[14]吴海燕,金荣德,范作伟,等.基于主成分和聚类分析的黑土肥力质量评价[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):325-334.
[15]史吉平,张夫道,林葆.长期定位施肥对土壤腐殖质理化性质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(2):174-180.
[16]Karlen D L,Mausbach M J,Doran J W,et al.Soil quality:A concept,definition,and framework for evaluation(A guest editorial)[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2017,61(1):4-10.
[17]卢铁光,杨广林,王立坤.基于相对土壤质量指数法的土壤质量变化评价与分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2003,34(1):56-59.
[18]廖育林,郑圣先,聂军,等.长期施用化肥和稻草对红壤水稻土肥力和生产力持续性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(10):3541-3550.
[19]鲁艳红,杨曾平,郑圣先,等.长期施用化肥、猪粪和稻草对红壤水稻土化学和生物化学性质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(4):921-929.
[20]许晓瑞,王锐,纪立东,等.有机培肥对贺兰山东麓酿酒葡萄及土壤化学性质的影响[J].北方园艺,2016,(12):183-187.
[21]俞慎,李勇,王俊华,等.土壤微生物生物量作为红壤质量生物指标的探讨[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3):413-422.
[22]郭晓霞,刘景辉,张星杰,等.免耕对旱作燕麦田耕层土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响[J].土壤学报,2012,49(3):575-582.
[23]Mandal A,Patra A K,Singh D,et al.Effect of long-term application of manure and fertilizer on biological and biochemical activities in soil during crop development stages[J].Bioresource Technology,2007,98(18):3585-3592.
[24]马晓霞,王莲莲,黎青慧,等.长期施肥对玉米生育期土壤微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(17):5502-5511.
[25]Gong L,Ran Q,He G,et al.A soil quality assessment under different land use types in Keriya river basin,Southern Xinjiang,China[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2015,146:223-229.
[26]Govaerts B,Sayre K D,Deckers J.A minimum data set for soil quality assessment of wheat and maize cropping in the highlands of Mexico[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2006,87(2):163-174.
[27]Vasu D,Singh S K,Ray S K,et al.Soil quality index(SQI)as a tool to evaluate crop productivity in semi-arid Deccan plateau,India[J].Geoderma,2016,282:70-79.
[28]陈吉,赵炳梓,张佳宝,等.主成分分析方法在长期施肥土壤质量评价中的应用[J].土壤,2010,42(3):415-420.