凡纳滨对虾幼体不同生长发育时期应答氨氮胁迫的敏感性研究
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摘要
凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)是世界上最重要的对虾养殖品种之一。为比较凡纳滨对虾不同生长发育时期应答氨氮胁迫的敏感性差异,作者对其不同生长发育时期24 h半数致死浓度(LC_(50))进行测定,并分析其胁迫效应。结果表明,24 h LC_(50)值在虾的不同生长发育时期差异显著(P<0.05),不同时期凡纳滨对虾的LC90与LC_(50)变化趋势相同。在溞状幼体Ⅱ期(Z2)LC_(50)值最低,为17.811 mg/L,在仔虾第V期(P5)时,LC_(50)值最高,为44.808 mg/L。根据LC_(50)和LC90的变化趋势可以看出,仔虾比幼体期的耐受性强。本试验结果不仅为凡纳滨对虾不同生长发育时期的苗种培育提供了重要的基础数据,而且为凡纳滨对虾耐氨氮品系选育提供了重要指导。
Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the world's most commercially valuable shrimps. In this study, we conducted an ammonia nitrogen stress test on L. vannamei to estimate the 24-h half-lethal concentration(24 h LC_(50)) values at different larvae stages. The results showed that the 24 h LC_(50) values were significantly different at different developmental stages of the shrimp(P < 0.05). Ammonia nitrogen stress had the same trend as LC90 and LC_(50) in L. vannamei at different developmental stages. LC_(50) had the least value at Zoea II(17.811 mg/L) and the maximum value at Postlarvae V(44.808 mg/L). According to the trends of LC_(50) and LC90, we can conclude that the latter stage has higher tolerance than the earlier stage. These results can provide basic information for shrimp farming and nursery and can also guide selection breeding for the tolerance of L. vannamei. This study will play an important role in health development of shrimp in the shrimp industry.
Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the world's most commercially valuable shrimps. In this study, we conducted an ammonia nitrogen stress test on L. vannamei to estimate the 24-h half-lethal concentration(24 h LC_(50)) values at different larvae stages. The results showed that the 24 h LC_(50) values were significantly different at different developmental stages of the shrimp(P < 0.05). Ammonia nitrogen stress had the same trend as LC90 and LC_(50) in L. vannamei at different developmental stages. LC_(50) had the least value at Zoea II(17.811 mg/L) and the maximum value at Postlarvae V(44.808 mg/L). According to the trends of LC_(50) and LC90, we can conclude that the latter stage has higher tolerance than the earlier stage. These results can provide basic information for shrimp farming and nursery and can also guide selection breeding for the tolerance of L. vannamei. This study will play an important role in health development of shrimp in the shrimp industry.
引文
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[2]Williams A S,Davis D A,Arnold C R.Density-dependent growth and survival of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei in a semi-closed recirculating system[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2010,27(1):107-112.
[3]陈艳卿.中国废水排放氨氮控制标准评述[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(3):21-23.Chen Yanqing.A review on the standard of ammonia Nitrogen control from China’s wastewater[J].Environmental Science and Management,2011,36(3):21-23.
[4]刘永波,王雅倩.氨氮对养殖鱼类的危害及其控制方法[J].渔业致富指南,2016(4):59-60.Liu Yongbo,Wang Yaqian.Harm of ammonia Nitrogen to cultured fish and its control[J].Fisheries Getting Rich Guide,2016(4):59-60.
[5]袁瑞鹏.凡纳滨对虾生长、繁殖及高氨氮耐受性的选择育种研究[D].广州:广东海洋大学,2016.Yuan Ruipeng.Selection and breeding of growth,reproduction and high ammonia tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei[D].Guangzhou:Guangdong Ocean University,2016.
[6]单丹,范秋惠.养殖水体氨氮转化形式及调控(下)[J].科学养鱼,2016,9:87.Shan dan,Fan Qiuhui.Ammonia Nitrogen transformation and regulation of aquaculture water[J].Scientific Fish,2016,9:87.
[7]Chen J C,Chen C T.Changes of osmotic and electrolyte concentrations in the haemolymph of Penaeus japonicus,exposed to ambient ammonia[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part C Pharmacology Toxicology&Endocrinology,1996,114(1):35-38.
[8]乔顺风.水体氨氮转化形式与调控利用的研究[J].饲料工业,2005,26(12):44-46.Qiao Shunfeng.Study on transformation form and regulation and utilization of Ammonia Nitrogen in water[J].Feed industry,2005,26(12):44-46.
[9]吕晓燕.亚硝酸盐和氨氮对红螯光壳螯虾生理生化的影响[D].上海:华东师范大学,2011.LüXiaoyan.Effects of nitrite and ammonia nitrogen on physiological and biochemical characteristics of red cymbidium crayfish[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2011.
[10]Wang J.Acute toxic effects of nitrite and non-ion ammonia on Fenneropenaeus chinensis at different dissolved oxygen levels[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2007,28(6):1-6.
[11]Cheng W,Chen J C.The virulence of enterococcus,to freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii,and its immune resistance under ammonia stress[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2002,12(2):97-109.
[12]Regnault M.Nitrogen excretion in marine and fresh water crustacea[J].Biological Reviews,2008,62(1):1-24.
[13]岳峰.三疣梭子蟹在氨氮胁迫下免疫应答与解毒代谢机制的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.Yue Feng.Study on the immune response and detoxification mechanism of Portunus trituberculatus under ammonia nitrogen stress[D].Qingdao:China Ocean University,2010.
[14]郑乐云.氨氮和亚硝酸盐对斜带石斑鱼苗的急性毒性效应[J].海洋科学,2012,36(5):81-86.Zhang Leyun.Effects of Ammonia Nitrogen and Nitrite on acute toxicity of Epinephelus aureus fry[J].Marine Sciences,2012,36(5):81-86.
[15]韩枫,黄杰斯,温海深,等.不同盐度条件下亚硝酸态氮与非离子氨对花鲈幼鱼的毒性实验[J].海洋科学,2016,40(10):8-15.Han Feng,Huang Jiesi,Wen Haishen,et al.Toxicity of nitrite nitrogen and non-ionic ammonia to juvenile sea bass under different salinity conditions[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(10):8-15.
[16]刘洪展,郑风荣,孙修勤,等.氨氮胁迫对刺参几种免疫酶活性的影响[J].海洋科学,2012,36(8):47-52.Liu Hongzhan,Zheng Fengrong,Sun Xiuqin,et al.Effects of nitrogen stress on the activities of several immunoenzymes of Stichopus japonicus[J].Marine Sciences,2012,36(8):47-52.
[17]陈金凤,黄鹤忠,徐汗富,等.氨氮对文蛤存活及能量收支的影响[J].海洋科学,2010,34(3):40-46.Chen Jinfeng,Huang Hezhong,Xu Hanfu,et al.Effects of Ammonia on the survival and energy budget of clams[J].Marine Sciences,2010,34(3):40-46.
[18]王仁杰,姜令绪,李建.氨氮和硫化氢对日本对虾幼体生长和变态发育的影响[J].海洋科学,2007,31(7):51-54,85.Wang Renjie,Jiang Lingxu,Li Jian.Effects of Ammonia Nitrogen and Hydrogen sulfide on the growth and metamorphosis of Larix kaempferi[J].Marine Sciences,2007,31(7):51-54,85.
[19]寇红岩,冼健安,郭慧,等.亚硝酸盐对虾类毒性影响的研究进展[J].海洋科学,2014,38(2):107-115.Kou Hongyan,Xian Jianan,Guohui,et al.Research progress on the toxicity of Nitrite to shrimp[J].Marine Sciences,2014,38(2):107-115.
[20]Jiang G,Yu R,Zhou M.Modulatory effects of ammonia-N on the immune system of Penaeus japonicus to virulence of white spot syndrome virus[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1-4):61-75.
[21]Eleonora T,Roelh B,Johanaj V.WSSV risk factors related to water physico-chemical properties and microflora in semi-intensive Penaeus monodon culture ponds in the Philippines[J].Aquaculture,2010,302(3-4):164-168.
[22]Corsin F,Turnbull J F,Hao N V,et al.Risk factors associated with white spot syndrome virus infection in a Vietnamese rice-shrimp farming system[J].Diseases of Aquatic Organisms,2001,47(1):1-12.
[23]Trenzado C,Hidalgo M C,Garciagallego M,et al.Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in sturgeon Acipenser naccarii and trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.A comparative study[J].Aquaculture,2006,254(1-4):758-767.
[24]Campa-Córdova A I,Hernández-Saavedra N Y,De P R,et al.Generation of superoxide anion and SOD activity in haemocytes and muscle of American white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)as a response to beta-glucan and sulphated polysaccharide[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2002,12(4):353-366.
[25]Liang Z,Liu R,Zhao D,et al.Ammonia exposure induces oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in hepatopancreas of pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)[J].Fish Shellfish Immunol,2016,54(1):523-528.
[26]Tu H T,FréDéRic S,Amandine B,et al.Oxidative stress response of black tiger shrimp(Penaeus mono-don)to enrofloxacin and to culture system[J].Aquaculture,2008,285(1-4):244-248.
[27]Chen J.Study on the free amino acid levels in the hemolymph,gill,hepatopancreas and muscle of Penaeus monodon exposed to elevated ambient ammonia[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2000,50(1-2):27.
[28]张克俭.锌和氨氮对对虾肝胰脏的毒性作用[J].水产学报,1993,17(1):52-59.Zhang Kejian.Toxic effects of zinc and ammonia on liver and pancreas of shrimp[J].Journal of Fisheries Science,1993,17(1):52-59.
[29]李建,姜令绪,王文琪,等.氨氮和硫化氢对日本对虾幼体的毒性影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2007,16(1):22-27.Li Jian,Jiang Lingxu,Wang Wenqi,et al.The toxicity effects of ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide on Japanese shrimp larvae[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2007,16(1):22-27.
[30]姚庆祯,臧维玲,戴习林,等.亚硝酸盐和氨对凡纳对虾和日本对虾幼体的毒性作用[J].上海海洋大学学报,2002,11(1):21-26.Yao Qingzheng,Zang Weiling,Dai Xilin,et al.Toxic effects of nitrite and ammonia on Penaeus vannamei larvae and Penaeus japonicus larvae[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2002,11(1):21-26.
[31]冼健安,钱坤,郭慧,等.氨氮对虾类毒性影响的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2014,35(22):52-58.Xian Jianan,Qian Kun,Guo Hui,et al.Advances in studies of the ammonia-nitrogen toxicity on shrimp[J].Feed Industry,2014,35(22):52-58.
[32]李永,杨其彬,苏天凤,等.氨氮对斑节对虾的毒性及免疫指标的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(3):358-362.Li Yong,Yang Qibin,Su Tianfeng,et al.Effects of ammonia nitrogen on toxicity and immune indexes of Penaeus monodon[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2012,21(3):358-362.
[33]梁俊平,李健,李吉涛,等.氨氮对脊尾白虾幼虾和成虾的毒性试验[J].水产科学,2012,31(9):526-529.Liang Junping,Li Jian,Li Jitao,et al.Toxicity test of ammonia nitrogen on juvenile white shrimp and shrimp[J].Fisheries Science,2012,31(9):526-528.
[34]周光正.氨和亚硝酸盐对于对虾幼虫的毒性[J].海洋湖沼通报,1991,2:95-98.Zhou Guangzheng.Toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to shrimp larvae[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,1991,2:95-98.
[35]钟君伟,朱永安,孟庆磊,等.氨氮对2种规格克氏原螯虾的急性毒性研究[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2013,23:55-59.Zhong Junwei,Zhu Yongan,Meng Qinglei,et al.Acute toxicity of ammonia nitrogen to two kinds of Procambarus clarkia[J].Journal of Yangtze University,2013,23:55-59.
[2]Williams A S,Davis D A,Arnold C R.Density-dependent growth and survival of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei in a semi-closed recirculating system[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2010,27(1):107-112.
[3]陈艳卿.中国废水排放氨氮控制标准评述[J].环境科学与管理,2011,36(3):21-23.Chen Yanqing.A review on the standard of ammonia Nitrogen control from China’s wastewater[J].Environmental Science and Management,2011,36(3):21-23.
[4]刘永波,王雅倩.氨氮对养殖鱼类的危害及其控制方法[J].渔业致富指南,2016(4):59-60.Liu Yongbo,Wang Yaqian.Harm of ammonia Nitrogen to cultured fish and its control[J].Fisheries Getting Rich Guide,2016(4):59-60.
[5]袁瑞鹏.凡纳滨对虾生长、繁殖及高氨氮耐受性的选择育种研究[D].广州:广东海洋大学,2016.Yuan Ruipeng.Selection and breeding of growth,reproduction and high ammonia tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei[D].Guangzhou:Guangdong Ocean University,2016.
[6]单丹,范秋惠.养殖水体氨氮转化形式及调控(下)[J].科学养鱼,2016,9:87.Shan dan,Fan Qiuhui.Ammonia Nitrogen transformation and regulation of aquaculture water[J].Scientific Fish,2016,9:87.
[7]Chen J C,Chen C T.Changes of osmotic and electrolyte concentrations in the haemolymph of Penaeus japonicus,exposed to ambient ammonia[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part C Pharmacology Toxicology&Endocrinology,1996,114(1):35-38.
[8]乔顺风.水体氨氮转化形式与调控利用的研究[J].饲料工业,2005,26(12):44-46.Qiao Shunfeng.Study on transformation form and regulation and utilization of Ammonia Nitrogen in water[J].Feed industry,2005,26(12):44-46.
[9]吕晓燕.亚硝酸盐和氨氮对红螯光壳螯虾生理生化的影响[D].上海:华东师范大学,2011.LüXiaoyan.Effects of nitrite and ammonia nitrogen on physiological and biochemical characteristics of red cymbidium crayfish[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2011.
[10]Wang J.Acute toxic effects of nitrite and non-ion ammonia on Fenneropenaeus chinensis at different dissolved oxygen levels[J].Marine Fisheries Research,2007,28(6):1-6.
[11]Cheng W,Chen J C.The virulence of enterococcus,to freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii,and its immune resistance under ammonia stress[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2002,12(2):97-109.
[12]Regnault M.Nitrogen excretion in marine and fresh water crustacea[J].Biological Reviews,2008,62(1):1-24.
[13]岳峰.三疣梭子蟹在氨氮胁迫下免疫应答与解毒代谢机制的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.Yue Feng.Study on the immune response and detoxification mechanism of Portunus trituberculatus under ammonia nitrogen stress[D].Qingdao:China Ocean University,2010.
[14]郑乐云.氨氮和亚硝酸盐对斜带石斑鱼苗的急性毒性效应[J].海洋科学,2012,36(5):81-86.Zhang Leyun.Effects of Ammonia Nitrogen and Nitrite on acute toxicity of Epinephelus aureus fry[J].Marine Sciences,2012,36(5):81-86.
[15]韩枫,黄杰斯,温海深,等.不同盐度条件下亚硝酸态氮与非离子氨对花鲈幼鱼的毒性实验[J].海洋科学,2016,40(10):8-15.Han Feng,Huang Jiesi,Wen Haishen,et al.Toxicity of nitrite nitrogen and non-ionic ammonia to juvenile sea bass under different salinity conditions[J].Marine Sciences,2016,40(10):8-15.
[16]刘洪展,郑风荣,孙修勤,等.氨氮胁迫对刺参几种免疫酶活性的影响[J].海洋科学,2012,36(8):47-52.Liu Hongzhan,Zheng Fengrong,Sun Xiuqin,et al.Effects of nitrogen stress on the activities of several immunoenzymes of Stichopus japonicus[J].Marine Sciences,2012,36(8):47-52.
[17]陈金凤,黄鹤忠,徐汗富,等.氨氮对文蛤存活及能量收支的影响[J].海洋科学,2010,34(3):40-46.Chen Jinfeng,Huang Hezhong,Xu Hanfu,et al.Effects of Ammonia on the survival and energy budget of clams[J].Marine Sciences,2010,34(3):40-46.
[18]王仁杰,姜令绪,李建.氨氮和硫化氢对日本对虾幼体生长和变态发育的影响[J].海洋科学,2007,31(7):51-54,85.Wang Renjie,Jiang Lingxu,Li Jian.Effects of Ammonia Nitrogen and Hydrogen sulfide on the growth and metamorphosis of Larix kaempferi[J].Marine Sciences,2007,31(7):51-54,85.
[19]寇红岩,冼健安,郭慧,等.亚硝酸盐对虾类毒性影响的研究进展[J].海洋科学,2014,38(2):107-115.Kou Hongyan,Xian Jianan,Guohui,et al.Research progress on the toxicity of Nitrite to shrimp[J].Marine Sciences,2014,38(2):107-115.
[20]Jiang G,Yu R,Zhou M.Modulatory effects of ammonia-N on the immune system of Penaeus japonicus to virulence of white spot syndrome virus[J].Aquaculture,2004,241(1-4):61-75.
[21]Eleonora T,Roelh B,Johanaj V.WSSV risk factors related to water physico-chemical properties and microflora in semi-intensive Penaeus monodon culture ponds in the Philippines[J].Aquaculture,2010,302(3-4):164-168.
[22]Corsin F,Turnbull J F,Hao N V,et al.Risk factors associated with white spot syndrome virus infection in a Vietnamese rice-shrimp farming system[J].Diseases of Aquatic Organisms,2001,47(1):1-12.
[23]Trenzado C,Hidalgo M C,Garciagallego M,et al.Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in sturgeon Acipenser naccarii and trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.A comparative study[J].Aquaculture,2006,254(1-4):758-767.
[24]Campa-Córdova A I,Hernández-Saavedra N Y,De P R,et al.Generation of superoxide anion and SOD activity in haemocytes and muscle of American white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)as a response to beta-glucan and sulphated polysaccharide[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2002,12(4):353-366.
[25]Liang Z,Liu R,Zhao D,et al.Ammonia exposure induces oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in hepatopancreas of pacific white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)[J].Fish Shellfish Immunol,2016,54(1):523-528.
[26]Tu H T,FréDéRic S,Amandine B,et al.Oxidative stress response of black tiger shrimp(Penaeus mono-don)to enrofloxacin and to culture system[J].Aquaculture,2008,285(1-4):244-248.
[27]Chen J.Study on the free amino acid levels in the hemolymph,gill,hepatopancreas and muscle of Penaeus monodon exposed to elevated ambient ammonia[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2000,50(1-2):27.
[28]张克俭.锌和氨氮对对虾肝胰脏的毒性作用[J].水产学报,1993,17(1):52-59.Zhang Kejian.Toxic effects of zinc and ammonia on liver and pancreas of shrimp[J].Journal of Fisheries Science,1993,17(1):52-59.
[29]李建,姜令绪,王文琪,等.氨氮和硫化氢对日本对虾幼体的毒性影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2007,16(1):22-27.Li Jian,Jiang Lingxu,Wang Wenqi,et al.The toxicity effects of ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide on Japanese shrimp larvae[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2007,16(1):22-27.
[30]姚庆祯,臧维玲,戴习林,等.亚硝酸盐和氨对凡纳对虾和日本对虾幼体的毒性作用[J].上海海洋大学学报,2002,11(1):21-26.Yao Qingzheng,Zang Weiling,Dai Xilin,et al.Toxic effects of nitrite and ammonia on Penaeus vannamei larvae and Penaeus japonicus larvae[J].Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,2002,11(1):21-26.
[31]冼健安,钱坤,郭慧,等.氨氮对虾类毒性影响的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2014,35(22):52-58.Xian Jianan,Qian Kun,Guo Hui,et al.Advances in studies of the ammonia-nitrogen toxicity on shrimp[J].Feed Industry,2014,35(22):52-58.
[32]李永,杨其彬,苏天凤,等.氨氮对斑节对虾的毒性及免疫指标的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2012,21(3):358-362.Li Yong,Yang Qibin,Su Tianfeng,et al.Effects of ammonia nitrogen on toxicity and immune indexes of Penaeus monodon[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2012,21(3):358-362.
[33]梁俊平,李健,李吉涛,等.氨氮对脊尾白虾幼虾和成虾的毒性试验[J].水产科学,2012,31(9):526-529.Liang Junping,Li Jian,Li Jitao,et al.Toxicity test of ammonia nitrogen on juvenile white shrimp and shrimp[J].Fisheries Science,2012,31(9):526-528.
[34]周光正.氨和亚硝酸盐对于对虾幼虫的毒性[J].海洋湖沼通报,1991,2:95-98.Zhou Guangzheng.Toxicity of ammonia and nitrite to shrimp larvae[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,1991,2:95-98.
[35]钟君伟,朱永安,孟庆磊,等.氨氮对2种规格克氏原螯虾的急性毒性研究[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2013,23:55-59.Zhong Junwei,Zhu Yongan,Meng Qinglei,et al.Acute toxicity of ammonia nitrogen to two kinds of Procambarus clarkia[J].Journal of Yangtze University,2013,23:55-59.