发酵豆粕对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和酶活性的影响
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摘要
为研究干基发酵豆粕和湿基发酵豆粕替代豆粕和鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能和酶活性的影响,试验挑选初始体质量为3.6～4.2 g的凡纳滨对虾99900尾,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复5550尾,分别饲喂添加6%去皮豆粕(DSM)、4%干发酵豆粕(DFSM)、7%湿发酵豆粕(WFSM)等氮等脂的试验饲料。在室内流水养殖系统进行为期73 d的养殖试验,然后对生长情况、存活率、转氨酶和免疫相关酶等指标进行测定。结果表明:干发酵豆粕和湿发酵豆粕两组之间终末均重无显著性差异(P> 0.05),但分别显著高于去皮豆粕组2.74、4.14 g(P <0.05);湿发酵豆粕组质量增加率和特定生长率显著高于另外两组(P <0.05),其中湿发酵豆粕组质量增加率和特定生长率显著高于去皮豆粕组96.03%、0.38%/d;干发酵豆粕和湿发酵豆粕组饲料转化率和成活率高于去皮豆粕组,但差异不显著(P> 0.05);干发酵豆粕组超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化能力及酚氧化酶活性高于去皮豆粕组,低于湿发酵豆粕组,但各试验组之间无显著性差异(P> 0.05)。综上所述,在本次试验条件下,饲料中添加发酵豆粕能改善凡纳滨对虾生长性能、饲料效率及抗氧化活性,而且湿基发酵豆粕应用效果优于干发酵豆粕。
The experiment was conducted to investgate the effects of fermented soybean meal on the growth performance, feed efficiency and enzyme activity of Litopenaeus vannamei.A tatol of 99900 Litopenaeus vannamei with the body weight of 3.6 ～ 4.2 g were selected, and they were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates and 5550 Litopenaeus vannamei in each.Three diets were formulated to contain different soybean meal(6% dehulled soybean meal,4% dry fermented soybean meal,7% wet fermented soybean meal).The experiment lasted for 73 d,then the growth performance,survival rate,aminotransferase and immune-related enzymes were measured.The results showed that compared with dehulled soybean meal group, the final weight in dry fermented soybean meal and wet fermented soybean meal groups were increased by 2.74,4.14 g(P < 0.05).The weight gain and special growth ratio(SGR) in wet fermented soybean meal group were higher than the other two groups(P < 0.05),and compared with dehulled soybean meal group were increased by96.03%, 0.38%/d. The fermented soybean meal supplementation increased the survival and feed efficiency ratio(FE),but had no significant difference(P > 0.05). Both dry fermented soybean meal and wet fermented soybean meal could increased the superoxide dismutase(SOD),phenoloxidase(PO) activity and total antioxidant status(TAS).In conclusion, fermented soybean meal could improve the growth performance and feed utilization of Litopenaeus vannamei,and the application effect of wet fermented soybean meal was better than that of dry fermented soybean meal.
The experiment was conducted to investgate the effects of fermented soybean meal on the growth performance, feed efficiency and enzyme activity of Litopenaeus vannamei.A tatol of 99900 Litopenaeus vannamei with the body weight of 3.6 ～ 4.2 g were selected, and they were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates and 5550 Litopenaeus vannamei in each.Three diets were formulated to contain different soybean meal(6% dehulled soybean meal,4% dry fermented soybean meal,7% wet fermented soybean meal).The experiment lasted for 73 d,then the growth performance,survival rate,aminotransferase and immune-related enzymes were measured.The results showed that compared with dehulled soybean meal group, the final weight in dry fermented soybean meal and wet fermented soybean meal groups were increased by 2.74,4.14 g(P < 0.05).The weight gain and special growth ratio(SGR) in wet fermented soybean meal group were higher than the other two groups(P < 0.05),and compared with dehulled soybean meal group were increased by96.03%, 0.38%/d. The fermented soybean meal supplementation increased the survival and feed efficiency ratio(FE),but had no significant difference(P > 0.05). Both dry fermented soybean meal and wet fermented soybean meal could increased the superoxide dismutase(SOD),phenoloxidase(PO) activity and total antioxidant status(TAS).In conclusion, fermented soybean meal could improve the growth performance and feed utilization of Litopenaeus vannamei,and the application effect of wet fermented soybean meal was better than that of dry fermented soybean meal.
引文
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[3]胡梦红,王有基,熊邦喜,等.发酵豆粕在水产饲料中的应用研究[J].饲料工业,2007,28(12):60~62.
[4]冷向军,王文龙,李小勤.发酵豆粕部分替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2007,2007(3):40~41.
[5]李小梅,张家学.不同发酵豆粕产品替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长影响的研究[J].饲料工业,2012,12:10~13.
[6]刘君华.南美白对虾高效生态养殖技术[J].南方农业,2017,11(12):85~86.
[7]刘媛媛,冯杰.微生物发酵豆粕的应用研究[J].广东饲料,2006,15(2):34~35.
[8]彭松,张敏,李小勤,等.发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、肌肉成分和血淋巴非特异性免疫的影响[J].淡水渔业,2015,45(5):70~75.
[9]宋文新.黑鲷幼鱼饲料中发酵豆粕部分替代鱼粉的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2009.
[10]王立改,曾文繁,楼宝,等.发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对黄姑鱼幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及肝脏中类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):989~998.
[11]吴钊.不同工艺的豆粕部分替代鱼粉在大黄鱼饲料中的研究[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2016.
[12]杨耐德,符广才.凡纳滨对虾饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的研究[J].饲料工业,2008,29(10):24~26.
[13]杨玉芬,乔利,郑宜超.发酵温度和水分对豆粕发酵品质的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2009,31(6):1097~1100.
[14]杨玉娟,姚怡莎,秦玉昌,等.豆粕与发酵豆粕中主要抗营养因子调查分析[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(3):573~580.
[15]张代,孙洪浩,张克顺.不同厂家发酵豆粕产品理化指标比较分析[J].中国饲料,2017,2017(1):41~44.
[16] Barnes M E,Brown M L,Neiger R.Comparative performance of two rainbow trout strains fed fermented soybean meal[J].Aquaculture international,2015,23(5):1227~1238.
[17] Barnes M E,Brown M L,Rosentrater K A,et al.An initial investigation replacing fish meal with a commercial fermented soybean meal product in the diets of juvenile rainbow trout[J].Open Journal of Animal Sciences,2012,2(4):234~235.
[18] Lee S M,Azarm H M,Chang K H.Effects of dietary inclusion of fermented soybean meal on growth,body composition,antioxidant enzyme activity and disease resistance of rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli)[J].Aquaculture,2016,459:110~116.
[19] Liang X F,Hu L,Dong Y C,et al.Substitution of fish meal by fermented soybean meal affects the growth performance and flesh quality of Japanese seabass(Lateolabrax japonicus)[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,229:1~12.