钛合金表面氮化物抗冲蚀涂层的研究进展
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摘要
钛合金具有很多优异的性能,如高强度、低密度,普遍应用于航空航天、轨道交通。但钛合金的硬度、耐磨性差,致使在风沙的环境下受到砂尘冲蚀。氮化物涂层是改善其抗冲蚀性能的重要手段之一。砂尘冲蚀的主要影响因素有冲蚀角度、供砂量等,讨论了在不同影响因素下的冲蚀机理;分析了多弧离子镀和磁控溅射等PVD技术制备表面氮化物抗冲蚀涂层的原理、工艺参数的影响和涂层特征;明晰了多种涂层元素的合金化作用,并揭示了涂层的结构设计对性能的影响。最后对钛合金表面抗冲蚀涂层的性能考核和创新进行了介绍,并对其制备技术进行了展望。
Titanium alloys have many excellent properties, such as high strength and low density, which are widely used in aerospace and rail transportation. However, the hardness and wear resistance of titanium alloy are poor, resulting in erosion in dusty environment. The nitride coating is one of the most important means to improve the erosion resistance. The main influencing factors o f dust erosion are erosion angle and sand supply. The erosion mechanisms under different influencing factors were discussed, the principle of nitride anti-erosion coating prepared by PVD technology such as multi-arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering, the influences of process parameters and the coating characteristics were analyzed. The alloying effects of various coating elements were explained, and the effects of structural design of the coating on the performance were revealed. At last, the performance assessment and innovation of Ti alloy surface anti-erosion coating was introduced, and its preparation technologies were looked forward.
Titanium alloys have many excellent properties, such as high strength and low density, which are widely used in aerospace and rail transportation. However, the hardness and wear resistance of titanium alloy are poor, resulting in erosion in dusty environment. The nitride coating is one of the most important means to improve the erosion resistance. The main influencing factors o f dust erosion are erosion angle and sand supply. The erosion mechanisms under different influencing factors were discussed, the principle of nitride anti-erosion coating prepared by PVD technology such as multi-arc ion plating and magnetron sputtering, the influences of process parameters and the coating characteristics were analyzed. The alloying effects of various coating elements were explained, and the effects of structural design of the coating on the performance were revealed. At last, the performance assessment and innovation of Ti alloy surface anti-erosion coating was introduced, and its preparation technologies were looked forward.
引文
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[26]姚懿容,李金龙,朱丽慧,等.多弧离子镀制备Ti Si N涂层的结构及其摩擦学行为[J].中国表面工程,2015,28(6):20-27.
[27]崔贯英,张钧,吕会敏.多弧离子镀(Cr,Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元超硬梯度膜的结构及性能[J].材料保护,2010,43(6):24-27.
[28]Momeni S,Tillmann W,Pohl M.Composite cavitation resistant PVD coatings based on Ni Ti thin films[J].Materials&Design,2016,110:830-838.
[29]冯诚诚,林松盛,匡同春,等.Ti/Ti N/Zr/Zr N多层膜对钛合金疲劳性能的影响[J].真空,2015,52(1):22-26.
[30]Lin S,Zhou K,Dai M,et al.Structural,mechanical,and sand erosion properties of Ti N/Zr/Zr N multilayer coatings[J].Vacuum,2015,122:179-186.
[31]赵瑞山,任鑫,王亮,等.多弧离子镀与磁控溅射共沉积Ti N/Ti CN多层膜的高温抗氧化性能[J].材料保护,2017,50(3):11-15.
[32]黄美东,李云珂,王萌萌,等.多弧离子镀沉积Ti Al N/Ti N多层膜的结构与性能[J].天津师范大学学报:自然版,2015,35(1):26-29.
[33]Han Z,Zhu B,Yang M,et al.The effect of the micro-structures on the scorpion surface for improving the anti-erosion performance[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2017,313:143-150.
[34]Baumgartner Werner,Saxe Friederike,Weth Agnes,et al.The sandfish's skin:morphology,chemistry and reconstruction[J].Journal of Bionic Engineering,2007,4(1):1-9.
[2]郭宝会.不同攻角状态下TC4合金的固体粒子冲蚀行为研究[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(6):150-153.
[3]蓝恩辉,代明江,胡芳,等.钛合金及其表面沉积Ti/Ti N/Zr/Zr N多层膜的冲蚀行为[J].中国表面工程,2012,25(6):29-33.
[4]曹鑫,何卫锋,何光宇,等.DLC、Ti N涂层对TC4钛合金抗砂尘冲蚀性能的影响[J].中国表面工程,2016,29(4):60-67.
[5]Hao Y,Feng Y,Fan J.Experimental study into erosion damage mechanism of concrete materials in a wind-blown sand environment[J].Construction&Building Materials,2016,111:662-670.
[6]Bousser E,Martinu L,Klemberg S J E.Solid particle erosion mechanisms of protective coatings for aerospace applications[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2014,257:165-181.
[7]Zhang S,Sun D,Fu Y,et al.Toughening of hard nanostructural thin films:a critical review[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2005,198(1):2-8:
[8]Man H C,Cui Z D,Yue T M,et al.Cavitation erosion behavior of laser gas nitrided Ti and Ti6Al4V alloy[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2003,355(1):167-173.
[9]吴小梅,李伟光,陆峰.固体颗粒冲蚀对钛合金Zr N涂层抗冲蚀性能的影响[J].航空材料学报,2006,26(6):26-29.
[10]万先松,师玉英,马军,等.电弧离子镀Cr N涂层盐雾腐蚀行为[J].金属学报,2010,46(5):600-606.
[11]Arulkirubakaran D,Senthilkumar V.Performance of Ti N and Ti Al N coated micro-grooved tools during machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2017,62:47-57.
[12]张启沛,钟喜春,李春明,等.电弧离子镀与磁控溅射复合技术制备Ti/Ti N/Ti Al N复合涂层的组织结构与力学性能[J].真空科学与技术学报,2015,35(2):72-76.
[13]邵涛,孙德恩,梁斐珂,等.离子源循环轰击对磁控溅射Ti N薄膜结构和电学性能的影响[J].中国表面工程,2017,30(1):77-82.
[14]王目孔,马瑞新,林炜,等.Ti Al N硬质薄膜/涂层材料的研究进展[J].硬质合金,2008,25(3):186-191.
[15]Derflinger V H,Schütze A,Ante M.Mechanical and structural properties of various alloyed Ti Al N-based hard coatings[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2006,200(16/17):4693-4700.
[16]Berger M,Wiklund U,Eriksson M,et al.The multilayer effect in abrasion optimising the combination of hard and tough phases[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,1999,116(99):1138-1144.
[17]Badini C,Deambrosis S M,Ostrovskaya O,et al.Cyclic oxidation in burner rig of Ti Al N coating deposited on Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb by reactive Hi PIMS[J].Ceramics International,2017,43(7):5417-5426.
[18]王宝云,严鹏,李争显,等.钛合金表面电弧离子镀Ti Al N涂层的组织与性能[J].表面技术,2007,36(6):33-35.
[19]Zhang Y,Shimizu K,Yaer X,et al.Erosive wear performance of heat treated multi-component cast iron containing Cr,V,Mn and Ni eroded by alumina spheres at elevated temperatures[J].Wear,2017,390:72-76:
[20]汝强,胡社军,黄拿灿,等.电弧离子镀Ti Al Cr N多元涂层的性能研究[J].金属热处理,2008,33(3):51-54.
[21]杨红,刘进,石云龙.多弧离子镀沉积Ti N-Cu复合膜[J].四川大学学报:自然科学版,2017(2):52-56.
[22]白雪冰,李金龙,朱丽慧,等.多弧离子镀制备Ti Si N-Cu涂层的结构和摩擦学性能[J].表面技术,2017,46(11):96-103.
[23]杜军,张平,朱晓莹,等.钛合金表面耐冲蚀Zr(Al Cu)N涂层的结构与性能[J].兵工学报,2011,32(12):1504-1509.
[24]陈倩,辛丽,滕英元,等.氮化物涂层对钛合金抗循环氧化性能的影响[J].中国腐蚀与防护学报,2012,32(1):7-12.
[25]鞠鹏飞,王海新,蒲吉斌,等.Cr N和Cr Si N薄膜在不同介质下的摩擦学性能[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(10):86-90.
[26]姚懿容,李金龙,朱丽慧,等.多弧离子镀制备Ti Si N涂层的结构及其摩擦学行为[J].中国表面工程,2015,28(6):20-27.
[27]崔贯英,张钧,吕会敏.多弧离子镀(Cr,Ti,Al,Zr)N多组元超硬梯度膜的结构及性能[J].材料保护,2010,43(6):24-27.
[28]Momeni S,Tillmann W,Pohl M.Composite cavitation resistant PVD coatings based on Ni Ti thin films[J].Materials&Design,2016,110:830-838.
[29]冯诚诚,林松盛,匡同春,等.Ti/Ti N/Zr/Zr N多层膜对钛合金疲劳性能的影响[J].真空,2015,52(1):22-26.
[30]Lin S,Zhou K,Dai M,et al.Structural,mechanical,and sand erosion properties of Ti N/Zr/Zr N multilayer coatings[J].Vacuum,2015,122:179-186.
[31]赵瑞山,任鑫,王亮,等.多弧离子镀与磁控溅射共沉积Ti N/Ti CN多层膜的高温抗氧化性能[J].材料保护,2017,50(3):11-15.
[32]黄美东,李云珂,王萌萌,等.多弧离子镀沉积Ti Al N/Ti N多层膜的结构与性能[J].天津师范大学学报:自然版,2015,35(1):26-29.
[33]Han Z,Zhu B,Yang M,et al.The effect of the micro-structures on the scorpion surface for improving the anti-erosion performance[J].Surface&Coatings Technology,2017,313:143-150.
[34]Baumgartner Werner,Saxe Friederike,Weth Agnes,et al.The sandfish's skin:morphology,chemistry and reconstruction[J].Journal of Bionic Engineering,2007,4(1):1-9.