长期不同氮添加条件下内蒙古典型草原土壤呼吸动态特征及其影响因素（英文）
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摘要
为了探讨不同氮(N)添加条件下内蒙古典型草原土壤呼吸(Rs)动态特征及其影响因素。我们选取内蒙古典型草原样地,设置不同氮添加水平(0、2、4、8、16、32 g m~(–2) yr~(–1)),测定土壤呼吸及土壤温、湿度,土壤养分。结果表明:(1)氮添加不改变土壤呼吸的动态变化规律,其日动态与季节动态均呈单峰曲线;(2)氮添加降低了生长季的土壤呼吸,N2、N4、N8、N16和N32处理下的Rs分别比对照N0降低了24.00%、21.93%、23.49%、30.78%和28.20%,然而非生长季各个月份的土壤呼吸在不同氮梯度下均无显著差异;(3)土壤呼吸与土壤温度、湿度均呈显著正相关,温度和湿度分别可解释土壤呼吸速率的72%–97%变异和74%–82%变异。不同氮添加处理的土壤呼吸温度敏感性Q_(10)在2.27–4.16之间,除N8处理下土壤呼吸Q_(10)值略高于对照,其它氮添加水平均降低了Q_(10)。
We investigated soil respiration(Rs)dynamics and influencing factors under different nitrogen(N)addition levels(0,2,4,8,16,32 g m~(–2) yr~(–1))on typical grassland plots in Inner Mongolia.We measured soil respiration,temperature,moisture and nutrients.We found that N addition did not change dynamic characteristics of Rs;daily and seasonal dynamics followed a single peak curve.N addition reduced Rs during the growing season.Rs under N2,N4,N8,N16 and N32 treatments decreased by 24.00%,21.93%,23.49%,30.78%and 28.20%in the growing season,respectively,compared to the N0 treatment.However,Rs in the non-growing season was not different across treatments.Rs was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature and moisture and these two factors accounted for 72%–97% and 74%–82% of variation in Rs,respectively.The soil respiration temperature sensitivity (Q_(10)) was between 2.27 and 4.16 and N addition reduced Q_(10) except in the N8 treatment.
We investigated soil respiration(Rs)dynamics and influencing factors under different nitrogen(N)addition levels(0,2,4,8,16,32 g m~(–2) yr~(–1))on typical grassland plots in Inner Mongolia.We measured soil respiration,temperature,moisture and nutrients.We found that N addition did not change dynamic characteristics of Rs;daily and seasonal dynamics followed a single peak curve.N addition reduced Rs during the growing season.Rs under N2,N4,N8,N16 and N32 treatments decreased by 24.00%,21.93%,23.49%,30.78%and 28.20%in the growing season,respectively,compared to the N0 treatment.However,Rs in the non-growing season was not different across treatments.Rs was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature and moisture and these two factors accounted for 72%–97% and 74%–82% of variation in Rs,respectively.The soil respiration temperature sensitivity (Q_(10)) was between 2.27 and 4.16 and N addition reduced Q_(10) except in the N8 treatment.
引文
Al-Kaisi M M,Kruse M L,Sawyer J E.2008.Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on growing season soil carbon dioxide emission in a corn-soybean rotation.Journal of Environmental Quality,37(2):325-332.
Andreas S,Sophie Z,Robert J.2010.Carbon losses due to soil warming:do autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration respond equally?Global Change Biology,15(4):901-913.
Bontti E E,Decant J P,Munson S M,et al.2010.Litter decomposition in grasslands of Central North America(US Great Plains).Global Change Biology,15(5):1356-1363.
Boone R D,Nadelhoffer K J,Canary J D,et al.1998.Roots exert a strong influence on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration.Nature,396(6711):570-572.
Cao G,Tang Y,Mo W,et al.2004.Grazing intensity alters soil respiration in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,36(2):237-243.
Chen Y,Xu Z,Hu H,et al.2013.Responses of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea to nitrogen fertilization and precipitation increment in a typical temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia.Applied Soil Ecology,68(3),36-45.
Coleman M D,Friend A L,Kern C C.2004.Carbon allocation and nitrogen acquisition in a developing Populus deltoides plantation.Tree Physiol,24(12):1347-1357.
Craine J M,Morrow C,Fierer N.2007.Microbial nitrogen limitation increases decomposition.Ecology,88(8):2105-2113.
Galloway J N,Cowling E B.2002.Reactive nitrogen and the world:200Years of Change.Ambio,31(2):64-71.
Haszulah.2015.Effects of nitrogen addition to soil respiration in Stipa krylovii steppe.Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Normal University.(in Chinese)
He Y,Qi Y,Dong Y,et al.2018.Effects of changing C and N availability on soil respiration dynamics in a temperate grassland in northern China.Geoderma,329:20-26.
Hooper D U,Johnson L.1999.Nitrogen limitation in dryland ecosystems:Responses to geographical and temporal variation in precipitation.Biogeochemistry,46(1-3):247-293.
Jarvi M P,Burton A J.2017.Adenylate control contributes to thermal acclimation of sugar maple fine-root respiration in experimentally warmed soil.Plant,Cell and Environment,41(3):504-516.
Jia B,Zhou G.2009.Integrated diurnal soil respiration model during growing season of a typical temperate steppe:Effects of temperature,soil water content and biomass production.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,41(4):681-686.
Jia X,Shao M,Wei X.2012.Responses of soil respiration to N addition,burning and clipping in temperate semiarid grassland in northern China.Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,166-167(166):32-40.
Jin X,Bai J,Zhou Y.2010.Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration is affected by nitrogen fertilization and land use.Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,60(5):480-484.
Li Y L,Hong M,Bai W M,et al.2015.The responses of soil respiration to water and nitrogen in Stipa breviflora steppe.Acta Ecologica Sinica,35(6):1727-1733.(in Chinese)
Liang Y,Hasbagan G,Cao X J,et al.2017.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on greenhouse gas emissions from alpine meadows in northern Tibet.Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(2):485-494.(in Chinese)
Lin L T,Sun X K,Hu Y L,et al.,2015.Effects of nitrogen addition on soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity in a sandy grassland.Chinese Journal of Ecology,34(6),1614-1621.(in Chinese)
Lin L T,Sun X K,Yu Z Y,et al.2016.Effects of nitrogen addition on microbial respiration and root respiration in a sandy grassland.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,27(7):2189-2198.(in Chinese)
Liu S H,Fang J Y,1997.Effect factors of soil respiration and the temperature’s effects on soil respiration in the global scale.Acta Ecologica Sinica,17(5):469-476.(in Chinese)
Liu W X,Zhang Z,Wan S Q.2010.Predominant role of waterin regulating soil and microbial respiration and their responses to climate change in a semiarid grassland.Global Change Biology,15(1):184-195.
Liu W,Xu W,Yi H,et al.2007.Responses of microbial biomass and respiration of soil to topography,burning,and nitrogen fertilization in a temperate steppe.Biology&Fertility of Soils,44(2):259-268.
Liu X J,Duan L,Mo J M,et al.2011.Nitrogen deposition and its ecological impact in China:an overview.Environmental Pollution,159(10):2251-2264.
Luo Q,Gong J,Zhai Z,et al.2016.The responses of soil respiration to nitrogen addition in a temperate grassland in northern China.Science of the Total Environment,s569-570:1466-1477.
Micks P,Aber J D,Boone R D,et al.2004.Short-term soil respiration and nitrogen immobilization response to nitrogen applications in control and nitrogen-enriched temperate forests.Forest Ecology and Management,196(1):57-70.
Peng Q,Dong Y,Qi Y,et al.2011.Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration in temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,China.Environmental Earth Sciences,62(6):1163-1171.
Qi Y C,Dong Y S,Liu J Y,et al.2005.Daily dynamics of soil CO2 flux and contributions of environmental factors in semi-arid steppe,Inner Mongolia.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,35:493-501.(in Chinese)
Raich J W,Schlesinger W H.1992.The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate.Tellus Series B-chemical&Physical Meteorology,44(2):81-99.
Raich J W,Tufekcioglu A,Rustad L E,et al.2000.Vegetation and soil respiration:correlations and controls.Biogeochemistry,48(1):71-90.
Scheffer M,Brovkin V,Cox P M.2006.Positive feedback between global warming and atmospheric CO2 concentration inferred from past climate change.Geophysical Research Letters,33(10):229-37.
Schindlbacher A,Zechmeister-Boltenstern S,Kitzler B,et al.2008.Experimental forest soil warming:Response of autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration to a short-term 10?C temperature rise.Plant and Soil,303(1-2):323-330.
Shan D,Han G D,Zhao M L,et al.2015.The effects of experimental warming and nitrogen addition on soil respiration in desert steppe.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,23(9):106-112.(in Chinese)
Stocker T F,Qin D,Plattner G K,et al.2013.IPCC,2013:Climate change2013:the physical science basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Computational Geometry,18(2):95-123.
Wang C,Butterbach-Bahl K,Han Y,et al.2011.The effects of biomass removal and n additions on microbial n transformations and biomass at different vegetation types in an old-field ecosystem in northern china.Plant&Soil,340(1/2):397-411.
Wang R M.2013.The research of carbon mineralization and temperature sensitivity of typical grassland soil in Inner Mongolia.Jinzhong,Shanxi Agricultural University.(in Chinese)
Wang X,Zhao X,Li Y,et al.2013.Responses of soil respiration to simulated precipitation and nitrogen,phosphorus additions in Horqin sandy land of northeastern China.Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,22(5):1463-1471.
Wang R,Filley T R,Xu Z,et al.2014.Coupled response of soil carbon and nitrogen pools and enzyme activities to nitrogen and water addition in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia.Plant&Soil,381(1-2):323-336.
Wei W D,Liu Y H,2014.The influence of different degraded degradation of alpine steppe in source area of Lantsang,Yellow and Yangtze River on soil respiration.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,53(8):1769-1773.(in Chinese)
Yan L M,Chen S P,Huang J H,et al.2010.Differential responses of autoand heterotrophic soil respiration to water and nitrogen addition in a semiarid temperate steppe.Global Change Biology,16(8):2345-2357.
Yang J Y,Wang C K.2006.Effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil surface CO2 flux of forests in northeastern China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,30(2):286-294.(in Chinese)
Yang J,Huang J H,Zhan X M,et al.2004.The diurnal dynamic patterns of soil respiration for different plant communities in the agro-pastoral with reference to different measuring methods.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,28(3):318-325.(in Chinese)
Yang Q,Xu M,Liu H,et al.2011.Impact factors and uncertainties of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration.Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(8):2301-2311.
Yang S.2014.Effects of water and fertilizer on soil microbiological characteristics in a typical grassland of Inner Mongolia.Shenyang,Shenyang University.(in Chinese)
Yu C D,2016.Soil microbial response of to global change in a semi-arid steppe in northern China.Kaifeng,Henan University.(in Chinese)
Yu W C,Song X L.Wang H,et al.2013.Advances in the effect of nitrogen deposition on grassland litter decomposition.Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,30(6):14-19.(in Chinese)
Zhang C,Niu D,Hall S J,et al.2014.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil respiration components and their temperature sensitivities in a semiarid grassland.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,75(75):113-123.
Zhang H,2016.Effects of long-term nutrient additions on soil microbial respiration and its temperature sensitivity in an alpine meadow on Tibetan Plateau.Nanjing,Nanjing Agricultural University.(in Chinese)
Zhang L,Huang J H,Bai Y F,et al.2009.Effect of nitrogen addition on net nitrogen mineralization in Leymus chinensis grassland,Inner Mongolian,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,33(3):563-569.(in Chinese)
Zhang Y,2014.Response of soil properties to warming and nitrogen application in desert steppe.Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.(in Chinese)
Zhou P,Liu G B,Xue J.2009.Review of soil respiration and the impact factors on grassland ecosystem.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,18(2):184-193.(in Chinese)
Zhou Z D,Zhang R,Gao S H,et al.2015.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on temperature sensitivity of soil respiration components in Populus L.plantations in a riparian zone of the Yangtze River.Acta Ecologica Sinica,35(21):6947-6956.(in Chinese)
Zhu C,Ma Y,Wu H,et al.2016.Divergent effects of nitrogen addition on soil respiration in a semiarid grassland.Scientific Reports,6:33541.
Zi H B,Chen Y,Hu L,et al.2018.Effects of nitrogen addition on root dynamics in an alpine meadow,Northwestern Sichuan.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,42(1):38-49.(in Chinese)
Andreas S,Sophie Z,Robert J.2010.Carbon losses due to soil warming:do autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration respond equally?Global Change Biology,15(4):901-913.
Bontti E E,Decant J P,Munson S M,et al.2010.Litter decomposition in grasslands of Central North America(US Great Plains).Global Change Biology,15(5):1356-1363.
Boone R D,Nadelhoffer K J,Canary J D,et al.1998.Roots exert a strong influence on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration.Nature,396(6711):570-572.
Cao G,Tang Y,Mo W,et al.2004.Grazing intensity alters soil respiration in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,36(2):237-243.
Chen Y,Xu Z,Hu H,et al.2013.Responses of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea to nitrogen fertilization and precipitation increment in a typical temperate steppe in Inner Mongolia.Applied Soil Ecology,68(3),36-45.
Coleman M D,Friend A L,Kern C C.2004.Carbon allocation and nitrogen acquisition in a developing Populus deltoides plantation.Tree Physiol,24(12):1347-1357.
Craine J M,Morrow C,Fierer N.2007.Microbial nitrogen limitation increases decomposition.Ecology,88(8):2105-2113.
Galloway J N,Cowling E B.2002.Reactive nitrogen and the world:200Years of Change.Ambio,31(2):64-71.
Haszulah.2015.Effects of nitrogen addition to soil respiration in Stipa krylovii steppe.Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Normal University.(in Chinese)
He Y,Qi Y,Dong Y,et al.2018.Effects of changing C and N availability on soil respiration dynamics in a temperate grassland in northern China.Geoderma,329:20-26.
Hooper D U,Johnson L.1999.Nitrogen limitation in dryland ecosystems:Responses to geographical and temporal variation in precipitation.Biogeochemistry,46(1-3):247-293.
Jarvi M P,Burton A J.2017.Adenylate control contributes to thermal acclimation of sugar maple fine-root respiration in experimentally warmed soil.Plant,Cell and Environment,41(3):504-516.
Jia B,Zhou G.2009.Integrated diurnal soil respiration model during growing season of a typical temperate steppe:Effects of temperature,soil water content and biomass production.Soil Biology&Biochemistry,41(4):681-686.
Jia X,Shao M,Wei X.2012.Responses of soil respiration to N addition,burning and clipping in temperate semiarid grassland in northern China.Agricultural&Forest Meteorology,166-167(166):32-40.
Jin X,Bai J,Zhou Y.2010.Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration is affected by nitrogen fertilization and land use.Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica,60(5):480-484.
Li Y L,Hong M,Bai W M,et al.2015.The responses of soil respiration to water and nitrogen in Stipa breviflora steppe.Acta Ecologica Sinica,35(6):1727-1733.(in Chinese)
Liang Y,Hasbagan G,Cao X J,et al.2017.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on greenhouse gas emissions from alpine meadows in northern Tibet.Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(2):485-494.(in Chinese)
Lin L T,Sun X K,Hu Y L,et al.,2015.Effects of nitrogen addition on soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity in a sandy grassland.Chinese Journal of Ecology,34(6),1614-1621.(in Chinese)
Lin L T,Sun X K,Yu Z Y,et al.2016.Effects of nitrogen addition on microbial respiration and root respiration in a sandy grassland.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,27(7):2189-2198.(in Chinese)
Liu S H,Fang J Y,1997.Effect factors of soil respiration and the temperature’s effects on soil respiration in the global scale.Acta Ecologica Sinica,17(5):469-476.(in Chinese)
Liu W X,Zhang Z,Wan S Q.2010.Predominant role of waterin regulating soil and microbial respiration and their responses to climate change in a semiarid grassland.Global Change Biology,15(1):184-195.
Liu W,Xu W,Yi H,et al.2007.Responses of microbial biomass and respiration of soil to topography,burning,and nitrogen fertilization in a temperate steppe.Biology&Fertility of Soils,44(2):259-268.
Liu X J,Duan L,Mo J M,et al.2011.Nitrogen deposition and its ecological impact in China:an overview.Environmental Pollution,159(10):2251-2264.
Luo Q,Gong J,Zhai Z,et al.2016.The responses of soil respiration to nitrogen addition in a temperate grassland in northern China.Science of the Total Environment,s569-570:1466-1477.
Micks P,Aber J D,Boone R D,et al.2004.Short-term soil respiration and nitrogen immobilization response to nitrogen applications in control and nitrogen-enriched temperate forests.Forest Ecology and Management,196(1):57-70.
Peng Q,Dong Y,Qi Y,et al.2011.Effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration in temperate grassland in Inner Mongolia,China.Environmental Earth Sciences,62(6):1163-1171.
Qi Y C,Dong Y S,Liu J Y,et al.2005.Daily dynamics of soil CO2 flux and contributions of environmental factors in semi-arid steppe,Inner Mongolia.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences,35:493-501.(in Chinese)
Raich J W,Schlesinger W H.1992.The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate.Tellus Series B-chemical&Physical Meteorology,44(2):81-99.
Raich J W,Tufekcioglu A,Rustad L E,et al.2000.Vegetation and soil respiration:correlations and controls.Biogeochemistry,48(1):71-90.
Scheffer M,Brovkin V,Cox P M.2006.Positive feedback between global warming and atmospheric CO2 concentration inferred from past climate change.Geophysical Research Letters,33(10):229-37.
Schindlbacher A,Zechmeister-Boltenstern S,Kitzler B,et al.2008.Experimental forest soil warming:Response of autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration to a short-term 10?C temperature rise.Plant and Soil,303(1-2):323-330.
Shan D,Han G D,Zhao M L,et al.2015.The effects of experimental warming and nitrogen addition on soil respiration in desert steppe.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,23(9):106-112.(in Chinese)
Stocker T F,Qin D,Plattner G K,et al.2013.IPCC,2013:Climate change2013:the physical science basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Computational Geometry,18(2):95-123.
Wang C,Butterbach-Bahl K,Han Y,et al.2011.The effects of biomass removal and n additions on microbial n transformations and biomass at different vegetation types in an old-field ecosystem in northern china.Plant&Soil,340(1/2):397-411.
Wang R M.2013.The research of carbon mineralization and temperature sensitivity of typical grassland soil in Inner Mongolia.Jinzhong,Shanxi Agricultural University.(in Chinese)
Wang X,Zhao X,Li Y,et al.2013.Responses of soil respiration to simulated precipitation and nitrogen,phosphorus additions in Horqin sandy land of northeastern China.Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,22(5):1463-1471.
Wang R,Filley T R,Xu Z,et al.2014.Coupled response of soil carbon and nitrogen pools and enzyme activities to nitrogen and water addition in a semi-arid grassland of Inner Mongolia.Plant&Soil,381(1-2):323-336.
Wei W D,Liu Y H,2014.The influence of different degraded degradation of alpine steppe in source area of Lantsang,Yellow and Yangtze River on soil respiration.Hubei Agricultural Sciences,53(8):1769-1773.(in Chinese)
Yan L M,Chen S P,Huang J H,et al.2010.Differential responses of autoand heterotrophic soil respiration to water and nitrogen addition in a semiarid temperate steppe.Global Change Biology,16(8):2345-2357.
Yang J Y,Wang C K.2006.Effects of soil temperature and moisture on soil surface CO2 flux of forests in northeastern China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,30(2):286-294.(in Chinese)
Yang J,Huang J H,Zhan X M,et al.2004.The diurnal dynamic patterns of soil respiration for different plant communities in the agro-pastoral with reference to different measuring methods.Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,28(3):318-325.(in Chinese)
Yang Q,Xu M,Liu H,et al.2011.Impact factors and uncertainties of the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration.Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(8):2301-2311.
Yang S.2014.Effects of water and fertilizer on soil microbiological characteristics in a typical grassland of Inner Mongolia.Shenyang,Shenyang University.(in Chinese)
Yu C D,2016.Soil microbial response of to global change in a semi-arid steppe in northern China.Kaifeng,Henan University.(in Chinese)
Yu W C,Song X L.Wang H,et al.2013.Advances in the effect of nitrogen deposition on grassland litter decomposition.Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,30(6):14-19.(in Chinese)
Zhang C,Niu D,Hall S J,et al.2014.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil respiration components and their temperature sensitivities in a semiarid grassland.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,75(75):113-123.
Zhang H,2016.Effects of long-term nutrient additions on soil microbial respiration and its temperature sensitivity in an alpine meadow on Tibetan Plateau.Nanjing,Nanjing Agricultural University.(in Chinese)
Zhang L,Huang J H,Bai Y F,et al.2009.Effect of nitrogen addition on net nitrogen mineralization in Leymus chinensis grassland,Inner Mongolian,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,33(3):563-569.(in Chinese)
Zhang Y,2014.Response of soil properties to warming and nitrogen application in desert steppe.Hohhot,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University.(in Chinese)
Zhou P,Liu G B,Xue J.2009.Review of soil respiration and the impact factors on grassland ecosystem.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,18(2):184-193.(in Chinese)
Zhou Z D,Zhang R,Gao S H,et al.2015.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on temperature sensitivity of soil respiration components in Populus L.plantations in a riparian zone of the Yangtze River.Acta Ecologica Sinica,35(21):6947-6956.(in Chinese)
Zhu C,Ma Y,Wu H,et al.2016.Divergent effects of nitrogen addition on soil respiration in a semiarid grassland.Scientific Reports,6:33541.
Zi H B,Chen Y,Hu L,et al.2018.Effects of nitrogen addition on root dynamics in an alpine meadow,Northwestern Sichuan.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,42(1):38-49.(in Chinese)