塔河油田缝洞型油藏水驱后气驱提高采收率可视化实验
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摘要
塔河油田缝洞型油藏注水开发后,开展单井注气提高采收率实验,注气效果显著,但油藏开发中后期逐渐出现注水、单井注气效果变差,大量水驱后剩余油未能动用。为了提高此类油藏的注气开发效果,需要针对性地开展多井单元注气提高采收率机理研究。通过设计、制作物理可视化模型进行气驱模拟实验,探讨缝洞型油藏气驱后剩余油的分布情况及其影响因素。实验结果表明,水驱后氮气驱,能有效提高驱油效率,注气方式、注入位置和模型充填等因素对气驱效果有影响,采用连续稳定注气方式,在构造高部位注气,低部位采油,可有效提高气驱效果,为类似油藏单元水驱后剩余油的开采提供借鉴。
Tahe oilfield and good results have been gained. But the effects of waterflooding and gas injection in single wells are becoming worse at themiddle-late development stage, causing large amounts of remaining oil can't be produced after waterflooding. To improve the developmenteffects of gas injection in this kind of reservoirs, the study on the mechanism of gas injection EOR in multiple wells needs to be carried out.Through gas drive simulation experiments on the basis of visualized models, the paper discusses the remaining oil distribution and its influ-encing factors after gas drive in fractured-vuggy reservoirs. The experiment results show that N2 flooding after waterflooding can effectivelyimprove oil displace efficiency, and gas injection mode, injection point and model filling can influence the gas drive effects; gas drive ef-fects can be improved by using continuous and stable gas injection, and gas injection at high positions of structures and producing oil at lowpositions of structures, which can provide basis for remaining oil production in similar reservoirs after waterflooding.
Tahe oilfield and good results have been gained. But the effects of waterflooding and gas injection in single wells are becoming worse at themiddle-late development stage, causing large amounts of remaining oil can't be produced after waterflooding. To improve the developmenteffects of gas injection in this kind of reservoirs, the study on the mechanism of gas injection EOR in multiple wells needs to be carried out.Through gas drive simulation experiments on the basis of visualized models, the paper discusses the remaining oil distribution and its influ-encing factors after gas drive in fractured-vuggy reservoirs. The experiment results show that N2 flooding after waterflooding can effectivelyimprove oil displace efficiency, and gas injection mode, injection point and model filling can influence the gas drive effects; gas drive ef-fects can be improved by using continuous and stable gas injection, and gas injection at high positions of structures and producing oil at lowpositions of structures, which can provide basis for remaining oil production in similar reservoirs after waterflooding.
引文
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[5]郭平,袁恒瑶,李新华,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏气驱机制微观可视化模型试验[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(1):89-93.GUO Ping,YUAN Hengyao,LI Xinhua,et al.Experiment son gas injection mechanisms in carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirusing microvisual model[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(1):89-93.
[6]史锋刚,郑继龙,乔砚佳.缝洞型油藏全直径岩心注气驱油实验研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2016,17(3):9-11.SHI Fenggang,ZHENG Jilong,QIAO Yanjia.Experimental study on oil flooding by full diameter core gas injection in fractured-vuggy reservoir[J].Advances in Fine Petrochemicals,2016,17(3):9-11.
[7]吴颉衡,赵凤兰,侯吉瑞,等.缝洞型油藏单裂缝中气驱油规律[J].断块油气田,2016,23(6):772-777.WU Jieheng,ZHAO Fenglan,HOU Jirui,et al.Mechanism of gas flooding in single fracture of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2016,23(6):772-777.
[8]苏伟,侯吉瑞,郑泽宇,等.缝洞型油藏氮气驱提高采收率效果及其影响因素分析[J].石油科学通报,2017,2(3):390-398.SU Wei,HOU Jirui,ZHENG Zeyu,et al.Effect of nitrogen flooding on EOR and Influencing factors in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2017,2(3):390-398.
[9]郑泽宇,朱倘仟,侯吉瑞,等.酸盐岩缝洞型油藏注氮气驱后剩余油可视化研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(2):93-97.ZHENG Zeyu,ZHU Tangqian,HOU Jirui,et al.Visible research on remaining oil after nitrogen flooding in fractured-cavity carbonate reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(2):93-97.
[10]侯吉瑞,张丽,李海波,等.酸盐岩缝洞型油藏氮气驱提高采收率的影响因素[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(5):64-68.HOU Jirui,ZHANG Li,LI Haibo,et al.Influencing factors on EOR nitrogen flooding in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(5):64-68.
[11]吴秀美,侯吉瑞,郑泽宇,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏底水对后续注水注气开发的影响[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(5):111-115.WU Xiumei,HOU Jirui,ZHENG Zeyu,et al.Effect of bottom water on subsequent water flooding and gas drive in fractured-vuggy carbonate oil reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(5):111-115.
[12]卢占国.缝洞型介质流体流动规律研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学,2010.LU Zhanguo.Fluid flow law in fractured vuggy media[D].Qingdao,Shandong:China University of Petroleum,2010.
[13]王殿生.缝洞型介质流动机理实验与数值模拟研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学,2009.WANG Diansheng.Experimental and numerical simulation of flow mechanism in fractured-vuggy media[D].Qingdao,Shandong:China University of Petroleum,2009.
[14]AHMED ELFEEL M O,AL-DHAHLI A,JIANG Z,et al.Effect of rock and wettability heterogeneity on the efficiency of WAG flooding in carbonate reservoirs[J].Abu Dhabi,UAE:SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation,2013.
[15]JAUN?TRE J.Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flows in water storage tanks-application to norra Ugglarps reservoirs in South Sweden[D].Lund,Sweden:Lund University,2013.
[16]CRUZ-HERNANDEZ J,ISLAS-JUAREZ R,PEREZ-ROSALES C,et al.Oil displacement by water in vuggy fractured porous media[C].SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference,2001.
[17]彭小龙,刘学利,杜志敏.缝洞双重介质数值模型及渗流特征研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(1):61-64.PENG Xiaolong,LIU Xueli,DU Zhimin.Numerical model and the characteristics of flowing through porous media of fracture and vug dual-media[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2009,31(1):61-64.
[18]李亚军.缝洞型介质等效连续模型油水两相流动模拟理论研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学,2011.LI Yajun.Theoretical study of the equivalent continuum model for simulating oil-water two-phase flow in fractured-vuggy porous media[D].Qingdao,Shandong:China University of Petroleum,2011.
[19]汪周华,肖阳,郭平,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏高温高压气水两相渗流特征[J].油气藏评价与开发,2017,7(2):47-52.WANF Zhouhua,XIAO Yang,GUO Ping,et al.Gas-water flowing characteristics under high temperature and high pressure in fractured-cavity carbonate gas reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2017,7(2):47-52.
[20]陈国鑫.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏典型缝洞组合注采规律研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学,2014.CHEN Guoxin.Study on injection and production rules of typical fracture cave assemblages in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[D].Qingdao,Shandong:China University of Petroleum,2014.
[21]修乃岭,熊伟,班凡生,等.缝洞型油藏裂缝-溶洞中流体运动特征研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2007,9(2):14-16.XIU Nailing,XIONG Wei,BAN Fansheng,et al.The study of flowing characteristics from fracture to cave in fractured-vuggy reservoir[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2007,9(2):14-16.
[2]ZHAO Renbao,ZHAO Haiyang.Enhanced heavy oil recovery from fractured-vuggy carbonated reservoir of Tahe oilfield with N2/CO2gas mixture[R].Beijing:Sixth International Oil&Gas Conference&Exhibition in China,Society of Petroleum Engine,2010.
[3]李金宜,姜汉桥,李俊健,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏注氮气可行性研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,18(23):84-87.LI Jinyi,JIANG Hanqiao,LI Junjian,et al.The feasibility study for fractured and cavernous carbonatere reservoir by injecting nitrogen[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2008,18(23):84-87.
[4]王雷,窦之林.缝洞型油藏注水驱油可视化物理模型研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,33(2):121-124.WANG Lei,DOU Zhilin.Study on visual physical model of water flooding in fractured vuggy reservoir[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2011,33(2):121-124.
[5]郭平,袁恒瑶,李新华,等.碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏气驱机制微观可视化模型试验[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(1):89-93.GUO Ping,YUAN Hengyao,LI Xinhua,et al.Experiment son gas injection mechanisms in carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirusing microvisual model[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2012,36(1):89-93.
[6]史锋刚,郑继龙,乔砚佳.缝洞型油藏全直径岩心注气驱油实验研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2016,17(3):9-11.SHI Fenggang,ZHENG Jilong,QIAO Yanjia.Experimental study on oil flooding by full diameter core gas injection in fractured-vuggy reservoir[J].Advances in Fine Petrochemicals,2016,17(3):9-11.
[7]吴颉衡,赵凤兰,侯吉瑞,等.缝洞型油藏单裂缝中气驱油规律[J].断块油气田,2016,23(6):772-777.WU Jieheng,ZHAO Fenglan,HOU Jirui,et al.Mechanism of gas flooding in single fracture of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2016,23(6):772-777.
[8]苏伟,侯吉瑞,郑泽宇,等.缝洞型油藏氮气驱提高采收率效果及其影响因素分析[J].石油科学通报,2017,2(3):390-398.SU Wei,HOU Jirui,ZHENG Zeyu,et al.Effect of nitrogen flooding on EOR and Influencing factors in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Science Bulletin,2017,2(3):390-398.
[9]郑泽宇,朱倘仟,侯吉瑞,等.酸盐岩缝洞型油藏注氮气驱后剩余油可视化研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(2):93-97.ZHENG Zeyu,ZHU Tangqian,HOU Jirui,et al.Visible research on remaining oil after nitrogen flooding in fractured-cavity carbonate reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(2):93-97.
[10]侯吉瑞,张丽,李海波,等.酸盐岩缝洞型油藏氮气驱提高采收率的影响因素[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(5):64-68.HOU Jirui,ZHANG Li,LI Haibo,et al.Influencing factors on EOR nitrogen flooding in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(5):64-68.
[11]吴秀美,侯吉瑞,郑泽宇,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏底水对后续注水注气开发的影响[J].油气地质与采收率,2016,23(5):111-115.WU Xiumei,HOU Jirui,ZHENG Zeyu,et al.Effect of bottom water on subsequent water flooding and gas drive in fractured-vuggy carbonate oil reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2016,23(5):111-115.
[12]卢占国.缝洞型介质流体流动规律研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学,2010.LU Zhanguo.Fluid flow law in fractured vuggy media[D].Qingdao,Shandong:China University of Petroleum,2010.
[13]王殿生.缝洞型介质流动机理实验与数值模拟研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学,2009.WANG Diansheng.Experimental and numerical simulation of flow mechanism in fractured-vuggy media[D].Qingdao,Shandong:China University of Petroleum,2009.
[14]AHMED ELFEEL M O,AL-DHAHLI A,JIANG Z,et al.Effect of rock and wettability heterogeneity on the efficiency of WAG flooding in carbonate reservoirs[J].Abu Dhabi,UAE:SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation,2013.
[15]JAUN?TRE J.Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flows in water storage tanks-application to norra Ugglarps reservoirs in South Sweden[D].Lund,Sweden:Lund University,2013.
[16]CRUZ-HERNANDEZ J,ISLAS-JUAREZ R,PEREZ-ROSALES C,et al.Oil displacement by water in vuggy fractured porous media[C].SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference,2001.
[17]彭小龙,刘学利,杜志敏.缝洞双重介质数值模型及渗流特征研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(1):61-64.PENG Xiaolong,LIU Xueli,DU Zhimin.Numerical model and the characteristics of flowing through porous media of fracture and vug dual-media[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2009,31(1):61-64.
[18]李亚军.缝洞型介质等效连续模型油水两相流动模拟理论研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学,2011.LI Yajun.Theoretical study of the equivalent continuum model for simulating oil-water two-phase flow in fractured-vuggy porous media[D].Qingdao,Shandong:China University of Petroleum,2011.
[19]汪周华,肖阳,郭平,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩气藏高温高压气水两相渗流特征[J].油气藏评价与开发,2017,7(2):47-52.WANF Zhouhua,XIAO Yang,GUO Ping,et al.Gas-water flowing characteristics under high temperature and high pressure in fractured-cavity carbonate gas reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2017,7(2):47-52.
[20]陈国鑫.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏典型缝洞组合注采规律研究[D].山东青岛:中国石油大学,2014.CHEN Guoxin.Study on injection and production rules of typical fracture cave assemblages in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir[D].Qingdao,Shandong:China University of Petroleum,2014.
[21]修乃岭,熊伟,班凡生,等.缝洞型油藏裂缝-溶洞中流体运动特征研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2007,9(2):14-16.XIU Nailing,XIONG Wei,BAN Fansheng,et al.The study of flowing characteristics from fracture to cave in fractured-vuggy reservoir[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2007,9(2):14-16.