三峡库区水体中可溶性C、N变化及影响因素
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摘要
为了解三峡库区水体中可溶性C、N的变化,本研究于2011年3月至2012年8月在三峡水库涪陵段进行了每周一次的水样采集,分析其中可溶性C、N成分的变化及其来源特征.结果表明,库区水中DOC浓度范围为0.64~9.07 mg·L~(-1),且有明显的季节变化,表现为:夏季>春季、秋季>冬季,DOC年入库总量为1.78×109kg,入库量具有与浓度相似的季节变化趋势;DTN的浓度范围为2.59~4.35 mg·L~(-1),春季>冬季>夏季>秋季,年入库总量为1.32×109kg,入库量的季节变化特征:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,其中DON、NO-3-N分别占DTN的30.35%~63.45%、35.87%~67.72%.DOC受降水和温度的影响明显,水中DOC主要来自外源输入,春季、夏季降雨径流其外源输入量增加,而秋季、冬季则内源贡献有所增加;DTN受人为排放和水体稀释的影响相对较大.相关分析表明,DOC与DON呈显著负相关(P<0.05),通常以DOC/DON比值反映水中DOM的来源,库区DOC/DON范围为0.35~7.28,DOM来源具有明显的季节特征.夏季DOC/DON较高,DOM主要来自流域侵蚀;冬季DOC/DON较低,DOM主要来自生活污水排放和内源现场产生;春季、秋季DOC/DON介于两者之间,DOM来源包括流域侵蚀、生活污水排放及现场产生等.
In order to understand the changes of dissolved carbon and dissolved nitrogen in the water of Three Gorges Reservoir,this research was carried out once a week by the bank of Yangtze River in Fuling beach from March 2011 to August 2012,and the variation characteristics of dissolved C,N composition and their source were analyzed. The results showed that the concentration of DOC ranged from 0. 64 mg·L~(-1)to 9. 07 mg·L~(-1),and had obvious seasonal change: summer > spring and autumn > winter. Annual total input of DOC was 1. 78 × 109 kg,the seasonal change trend of the total input of DOC was similar to that of the concentration of DOC; The concentration of DTN ranged from 2. 59 mg·L~(-1)to 4. 35 mg·L~(-1): spring > winter > summer > autumn,annual total input was 1. 32 ×109kg,the seasonal input changed in the order of summer > autumn > spring > winter,among them DON,NO-3-N accounted for30. 35%-63. 45% and 35. 87%-67. 72%,respectively. DOC was affected by precipitation and air temperature,and mainly came from the exogenous input,in the spring and summer its exogenous input increased with the increase of rainfall runoff,but in the autumn and winter the endogenous contribution increased; DTN was relatively affected by human emissions and water dilution. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between DOC and DON( P < 0. 05),DOC/DON ratio usually reflects the source of the DOM,the DOC/DON in the water of three gorges reservoir ranged from 0. 35 to 7. 28,the source of DOM had obvious seasonal characteristics. DOC/DON was the highest in summer,and the DOM mainly came from watershed erosion; DOC/DON was the lowest in winter,and the DOM mainly came from living sewage and endogenous field; the DOC/DON ratios in spring and autumn were higher than those in winter and lower than those in summer,and the DOM sources included watershed erosion,living sewage and endogenous field.
In order to understand the changes of dissolved carbon and dissolved nitrogen in the water of Three Gorges Reservoir,this research was carried out once a week by the bank of Yangtze River in Fuling beach from March 2011 to August 2012,and the variation characteristics of dissolved C,N composition and their source were analyzed. The results showed that the concentration of DOC ranged from 0. 64 mg·L~(-1)to 9. 07 mg·L~(-1),and had obvious seasonal change: summer > spring and autumn > winter. Annual total input of DOC was 1. 78 × 109 kg,the seasonal change trend of the total input of DOC was similar to that of the concentration of DOC; The concentration of DTN ranged from 2. 59 mg·L~(-1)to 4. 35 mg·L~(-1): spring > winter > summer > autumn,annual total input was 1. 32 ×109kg,the seasonal input changed in the order of summer > autumn > spring > winter,among them DON,NO-3-N accounted for30. 35%-63. 45% and 35. 87%-67. 72%,respectively. DOC was affected by precipitation and air temperature,and mainly came from the exogenous input,in the spring and summer its exogenous input increased with the increase of rainfall runoff,but in the autumn and winter the endogenous contribution increased; DTN was relatively affected by human emissions and water dilution. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between DOC and DON( P < 0. 05),DOC/DON ratio usually reflects the source of the DOM,the DOC/DON in the water of three gorges reservoir ranged from 0. 35 to 7. 28,the source of DOM had obvious seasonal characteristics. DOC/DON was the highest in summer,and the DOM mainly came from watershed erosion; DOC/DON was the lowest in winter,and the DOM mainly came from living sewage and endogenous field; the DOC/DON ratios in spring and autumn were higher than those in winter and lower than those in summer,and the DOM sources included watershed erosion,living sewage and endogenous field.
引文
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[8]林晶,吴莹,张经,等.长江有机碳通量的季节变化及三峡工程对其影响[J].中国环境科学,2007,27(2):246-249.Lin J,Wu Y,Zhang J,et al.Seasonal variation of organic carbon fluxes in the Yangtze River and influence of Three-Gorges engineering[J].China Environmental Science,2007,27(2):246-249.
[9]刘秀娟,俞志明,宋秀贤,等.长江口海域悬浮颗粒有机物的稳定氮同位素分布及其生物地球化学意义[J].海洋科学,2010,34(1):11-17.Liu X J,Yu Z M,Song X X,et al.Distribution in the stable nitrogen isotope of the suspended particulate organic matter in the Yangtze River(Changjiang)estuary,China and its biogeochemistry implications[J].Marine Science,2010,34(1):11-17.
[10]邢建伟,线薇薇,沈志良,等.秋季长江口水体颗粒有机碳年际变化及影响因素分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2014,45(5):964-972.Xing J W,Xian W W,Shen Z L,et al.Interannual variation of particulate organic carbon and its influencing factors in Changjiang River estuary in autumn[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2014,45(5):964-972.
[11]沈志良,刘群,张淑美.长江总氮和有机氮的分布变化与迁移[J].海洋与湖沼,2003,34(6):577-585.Shen Z L,Liu Q,Zhang S M.Distribution,variation and removal patterns of total nitrogen and organic nitrogen in the Changjiang River[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2003,34(6):577-585.
[12]郑丙辉,曹承进,秦延文,等.三峡水库主要入库河流氮营养盐特征及其来源分析[J].环境科学,2008,29(1):1-6.Zheng B H,Cao C J,Qin Y W,et al.Analysis of nitrogen distribution characters and their sources of the major input rivers of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Environmental Science,2008,29(1):1-6.
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[14]郭胜,李崇明,郭劲松,等.三峡水库蓄水后不同水位期干流氮、磷时空分异特征[J].环境科学,2011,32(5):1266-1272.Guo S,Li C M,Guo J S,et al.Spatio-temporal variation of nitrogen,phosphorus in different period in Three Gorges Reservoir after its impoundment[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(5):1266-1272.
[15]张永领,王明仕,董玉龙.黄河小浪底水库水沙调控对DOC输送的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1249-1255.Zhang Y L,Wang M S,Dong Y L.Effect of the runoff-sediment control of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on DOC transport[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(4):1249-1255.
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[17]Fettweis M,Baeye M,Lee B J,et al.Hydro-meteorological influences and multimodal suspended particle size distributions in the Belgian nearshore area(southern North Sea)[J].Geo-Marine Letters,2012,32(2):123-137.
[18]王婧,袁洁,谭香,等.汉江上游金水河悬浮物及水体碳氮稳定同位素组成特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(22):7338-7346.Wang J,Yuan J,Tan X,et al.Stable isotope composition of particulate organic matters and dissolved nitrate in the Jinshui River,Upper Han River Basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(1):7338-7346.
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[20]鲍红艳.溶解态和颗粒态陆源有机质在典型河流和河口的来源、迁移和转化[D].上海:上海华东师范大学,2012.1-170.Bao H Y.The sources,transportations and transformations of dissolved and particulate terrestrial organic matter in typical river and estuary systems[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University,2012.1-170.
[21]李振炜,于兴修,刘前进,等.沂蒙山区典型小流域特殊降雨的磷素输出特征[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1152-1158.Li Z W,Yu X X,Liu Q J,et al.Output characteristics of nonpoint phosphorus from a typical small watershed in Yimeng Mountainous Area under the special rainfall[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(4):1152-1158.
[22]王金杰,张克荣,吴川,等.汉江上游金水河流域氮湿沉降[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):66-72.Wang J J,Zhang K R,Wu C,et al.Wet deposition of atmospheric nitrogen of the Jinshui Watershed in the upper Hanjiang River[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(1):66-72.
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