大气氮沉降监测方法及中国不同地理分区氮沉降研究进展
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摘要
随着我国经济快速发展,近年来大气活性氮排放量呈持续增长的趋势,研究表明,我国多地大气活性氮沉降量已经超过临界值。活性氮来源于化石燃料燃烧、畜牧家禽排放以及农业氮肥挥发、交通废气的排放等。沉降到生态系统的氮一部分可作为营养源提供给农作物,而过量的氮沉降会对生态系统及空气环境产生诸多消极作用。我国对地区大气活性氮监测的研究越来越多,主要是对农田、城市、水体及森林生态系统氮沉降情况的监测。重点阐述活性氮干湿沉降的研究方法及我国不同地理分区大气活性氮干湿沉降的时空特征。
With the rapid development of China's economy, recently, considerable active nitrogen was emitted into atmosphere due to fossil fuel combustion, livestock and poultry emissions, agricultural nitrogen volatilization and traffic exhaust emissions. Some studies showed that the amount of active N deposition from the atmosphere had exceeded the critical value in China. The part of N deposited into ecosystem could be a nutrient source to crops, and high N deposition has caused a series of environment risk. More and more studies were carried out on the monitoring of atmospheric active nitrogen in China, mainly on the nitrogen deposition in farmland, city, water body and forest ecosystem. This paper focused on the research methods of dry and wet deposition of active nitrogen and the spatial and temporal characteristics of atmospheric N deposition in different geographical regions of China.
With the rapid development of China's economy, recently, considerable active nitrogen was emitted into atmosphere due to fossil fuel combustion, livestock and poultry emissions, agricultural nitrogen volatilization and traffic exhaust emissions. Some studies showed that the amount of active N deposition from the atmosphere had exceeded the critical value in China. The part of N deposited into ecosystem could be a nutrient source to crops, and high N deposition has caused a series of environment risk. More and more studies were carried out on the monitoring of atmospheric active nitrogen in China, mainly on the nitrogen deposition in farmland, city, water body and forest ecosystem. This paper focused on the research methods of dry and wet deposition of active nitrogen and the spatial and temporal characteristics of atmospheric N deposition in different geographical regions of China.
引文
[1]周峻宇.中国气态活性氮气候效应及氮沉降临界负荷研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017.
[2]常运华,刘学军,李凯辉,等.大气氮沉降数值模拟的演替进程与模型筛选[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(3):383-392.
[3]STEVENS C J,DISE N B,MOUNTFORD J O,et al. Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands[J]. Science,2004,303:1876.
[4]许稳.中国大气活性氮干湿沉降与大气污染减排效应研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[5]陶亚南,李永庆.浅析大气氮沉降的基本特征与监测方法[J].资源节约与环保,2016(7):107.
[6]顾峰雪,黄玫,张远东,等. 1961—2010年中国区域氮沉降时空格局模拟研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3591-3600.
[7]FENN M E,POTH M A. Monitoring nitrogen deposition in throughfall using ion exchange resin columns:a field test in the San Bernardino Mountains[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2004,33(6):2007.
[8] HICKS B B,BALDOCCHI D D,MEYERS T P,et al. A preliminary multiple resistance routine for deriving dry deposition velocities from measured quantities[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution,1987,36(3/4):311-330.
[9]宋欢欢,姜春明,宇万太.大气氮沉降的基本特征与监测方法[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):599-610.
[10] KIMURA S D,SAITO M,HARA H,et al. Comparison of nitrogen dry deposition on cedar and oak leaves in the Tama Hills using foliar rinsing method[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution,2009,202(1/4):369-377.
[11]骆晓声.中国不同地区大气活性氮监测及其干沉降研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2013.
[12]刘平,刘学军,骆晓声,等.山西北部农村区域大气活性氮沉降特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(17):5353-5359.
[13]魏样.陕西省不同生态区大气氮沉降及酸雨监测[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[14]曾清苹,何丙辉,李源,等.模拟氮沉降对重庆缙云山马尾松林土壤呼吸和酶活性的季节性影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3971-3978.
[15]张琪,常鸣,王雪梅.我国氮沉降观测方法进展及其在珠三角的应用[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(12):4401-4416.
[16]张颖,刘学军,张福锁,等.华北平原大气氮素沉降的时空变异[J].生态学报,2006,26(6):1633-1639.
[17] LUO X S,LIU P,TANG A H,et al. An evaluation of atmospheric Nr pollution and deposition in North China after the Beijing Olympics[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2013,74:209-216.
[18]刘学军.大气氮素沉降及其对我国农田生态系统养分输入的影响[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(Z):185-186.
[19]刘平,刘学军,刘恩科,等.山西省太原市旱作农区大气活性氮干湿沉降年度变化特征[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(5):625-633.
[20]尹兴,张丽娟,刘学军,等.河北平原城市近郊农田大气氮沉降特征[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(4):698-710.
[21] ZHANG W L,TIAN Z X,ZHANG N,et al. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in northern China[J]. Ecosyst Environ,1996,59(3):223-231.
[22]杨龙元,秦伯强,胡维平,等.太湖大气氮、磷营养元素干湿沉降率研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2007,38(2):104-110.
[23]骆晓声,石伟琦,鲁丽,等.我国雷州半岛典型农田大气氮沉降[J].生态学报,2014,34(19):5541-5548.
[24]朱潇,王杰飞,沈健林,等.亚热带农田和林地大气氮湿沉降与混合沉降比较[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):1-11.
[25]郝卓,高扬,张进忠,等.南方红壤区氮湿沉降特征及其对流域氮输出的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1630-1638.
[26]邓君俊,王体健,李树,等.南京郊区大气氮化物浓度和氮沉降通量的研究[J].气象科学,2009,29(1):25-30.
[27] FANG Y,YOH M,KOBA K,et al. Nitrogen deposition and forest nitrogen cycling along an urban-rural transect in southern China[J]. Global Change Biology,2011,17(2):872-885.
[28]许稳,金鑫,罗少辉,等.西宁近郊大气氮干湿沉降研究[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1279-1288.
[29]张伟,刘学军,胡玉昆,等.乌鲁木齐市区大气氮素干沉降的输入性分析[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(4):710-716.
[30]王晓丽,李凯辉,宋韦,等.新疆天山北坡中段森林生态系统氮素干沉降[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(4):830-836.
[31]庄晓玲,李凯辉,王晓丽,等.新疆两种不同类型农田生态系统大气氮素干沉降分析[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(6):1395-1401.
[32]贾钧彦,张颖,蔡晓布,等.藏东南大气氮湿沉降动态变化:以林芝观测点为例[J].生态学报,2009,29(4):1907-1913.
[33]袁玲,周鑫斌,辜夕容,等.重庆典型地区大气湿沉降氮的时空变化[J].生态学报,2009,29(11):6095-6101.
[34]余功友,杨常亮,刘楷,等.云南阳宗海大气氮、磷沉降特征[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(5):1134-1142.
[35]杨开军,杨万勤,庄丽燕,等.四川盆地西缘都江堰大气氮素湿沉降特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(1):107-111.
[36]李德军,莫江明,方运霆,等.氮沉降对森林植物的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(9):1891-1900.
[37]王巧红,宫渊波,张君.森林生态系统对大气氮沉降的响应[J].四川林业科技,2006(1):19-25.
[38]孙涛.模拟氮沉降对东北地区兴安落叶松人工林生态系统呼吸主要组分影响研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.
[39]郝龙飞.模拟氮沉降对帽儿山地区4种典型林分土壤碳氮输入输出关键过程的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
[40]彭畅,牛红红,李强,等.吉林省中部农田生态系统降雨湿沉降氮特征[J].土壤通报,2015,46(4):955-961.
[41]李洁.氮输入对中国东北地区土壤碳蓄积影响的模拟研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[2]常运华,刘学军,李凯辉,等.大气氮沉降数值模拟的演替进程与模型筛选[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(3):383-392.
[3]STEVENS C J,DISE N B,MOUNTFORD J O,et al. Impact of nitrogen deposition on the species richness of grasslands[J]. Science,2004,303:1876.
[4]许稳.中国大气活性氮干湿沉降与大气污染减排效应研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.
[5]陶亚南,李永庆.浅析大气氮沉降的基本特征与监测方法[J].资源节约与环保,2016(7):107.
[6]顾峰雪,黄玫,张远东,等. 1961—2010年中国区域氮沉降时空格局模拟研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3591-3600.
[7]FENN M E,POTH M A. Monitoring nitrogen deposition in throughfall using ion exchange resin columns:a field test in the San Bernardino Mountains[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality,2004,33(6):2007.
[8] HICKS B B,BALDOCCHI D D,MEYERS T P,et al. A preliminary multiple resistance routine for deriving dry deposition velocities from measured quantities[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution,1987,36(3/4):311-330.
[9]宋欢欢,姜春明,宇万太.大气氮沉降的基本特征与监测方法[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(2):599-610.
[10] KIMURA S D,SAITO M,HARA H,et al. Comparison of nitrogen dry deposition on cedar and oak leaves in the Tama Hills using foliar rinsing method[J]. Water Air&Soil Pollution,2009,202(1/4):369-377.
[11]骆晓声.中国不同地区大气活性氮监测及其干沉降研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2013.
[12]刘平,刘学军,骆晓声,等.山西北部农村区域大气活性氮沉降特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(17):5353-5359.
[13]魏样.陕西省不同生态区大气氮沉降及酸雨监测[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[14]曾清苹,何丙辉,李源,等.模拟氮沉降对重庆缙云山马尾松林土壤呼吸和酶活性的季节性影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3971-3978.
[15]张琪,常鸣,王雪梅.我国氮沉降观测方法进展及其在珠三角的应用[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(12):4401-4416.
[16]张颖,刘学军,张福锁,等.华北平原大气氮素沉降的时空变异[J].生态学报,2006,26(6):1633-1639.
[17] LUO X S,LIU P,TANG A H,et al. An evaluation of atmospheric Nr pollution and deposition in North China after the Beijing Olympics[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2013,74:209-216.
[18]刘学军.大气氮素沉降及其对我国农田生态系统养分输入的影响[J].西南农业学报,2004,17(Z):185-186.
[19]刘平,刘学军,刘恩科,等.山西省太原市旱作农区大气活性氮干湿沉降年度变化特征[J].中国生态农业学报,2017,25(5):625-633.
[20]尹兴,张丽娟,刘学军,等.河北平原城市近郊农田大气氮沉降特征[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(4):698-710.
[21] ZHANG W L,TIAN Z X,ZHANG N,et al. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in northern China[J]. Ecosyst Environ,1996,59(3):223-231.
[22]杨龙元,秦伯强,胡维平,等.太湖大气氮、磷营养元素干湿沉降率研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2007,38(2):104-110.
[23]骆晓声,石伟琦,鲁丽,等.我国雷州半岛典型农田大气氮沉降[J].生态学报,2014,34(19):5541-5548.
[24]朱潇,王杰飞,沈健林,等.亚热带农田和林地大气氮湿沉降与混合沉降比较[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):1-11.
[25]郝卓,高扬,张进忠,等.南方红壤区氮湿沉降特征及其对流域氮输出的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1630-1638.
[26]邓君俊,王体健,李树,等.南京郊区大气氮化物浓度和氮沉降通量的研究[J].气象科学,2009,29(1):25-30.
[27] FANG Y,YOH M,KOBA K,et al. Nitrogen deposition and forest nitrogen cycling along an urban-rural transect in southern China[J]. Global Change Biology,2011,17(2):872-885.
[28]许稳,金鑫,罗少辉,等.西宁近郊大气氮干湿沉降研究[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1279-1288.
[29]张伟,刘学军,胡玉昆,等.乌鲁木齐市区大气氮素干沉降的输入性分析[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(4):710-716.
[30]王晓丽,李凯辉,宋韦,等.新疆天山北坡中段森林生态系统氮素干沉降[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(4):830-836.
[31]庄晓玲,李凯辉,王晓丽,等.新疆两种不同类型农田生态系统大气氮素干沉降分析[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(6):1395-1401.
[32]贾钧彦,张颖,蔡晓布,等.藏东南大气氮湿沉降动态变化:以林芝观测点为例[J].生态学报,2009,29(4):1907-1913.
[33]袁玲,周鑫斌,辜夕容,等.重庆典型地区大气湿沉降氮的时空变化[J].生态学报,2009,29(11):6095-6101.
[34]余功友,杨常亮,刘楷,等.云南阳宗海大气氮、磷沉降特征[J].湖泊科学,2017,29(5):1134-1142.
[35]杨开军,杨万勤,庄丽燕,等.四川盆地西缘都江堰大气氮素湿沉降特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(1):107-111.
[36]李德军,莫江明,方运霆,等.氮沉降对森林植物的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(9):1891-1900.
[37]王巧红,宫渊波,张君.森林生态系统对大气氮沉降的响应[J].四川林业科技,2006(1):19-25.
[38]孙涛.模拟氮沉降对东北地区兴安落叶松人工林生态系统呼吸主要组分影响研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2014.
[39]郝龙飞.模拟氮沉降对帽儿山地区4种典型林分土壤碳氮输入输出关键过程的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
[40]彭畅,牛红红,李强,等.吉林省中部农田生态系统降雨湿沉降氮特征[J].土壤通报,2015,46(4):955-961.
[41]李洁.氮输入对中国东北地区土壤碳蓄积影响的模拟研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.