水产养殖系统氮磷营养盐收支及其生态影响研究
|
摘要
氮、磷营养盐是水产养殖主要的污染来源,探究其收支能揭示水体及养殖生物体中物质的来源与变动,是有效评价养殖池塘中各营养物质来源与作用、物质转化效率和养殖污染程度的方法之一。本文综述了水产养殖系统N、P收支的最新研究进展,比较不同养殖系统氮磷利用率,梳理养殖系统中氮磷收支与养殖产量和品质、生态系统功能的关系,提出进一步的研究方向,为更有效地提高氮磷利用率、优化养殖结构和渔业生态化研究提供参考。
The understanding of nitrogen and phosphorus(as main sources of pollution in aquaculture) budget in an aquaculture system can reveal the source and pathway of substances in water and effectively evaluate the role of different nutrients, material conversion efficiency and aquaculture pollution level in aquaculture ecosystems. In the current paper the progress of nitrogen and phosphorous budget in aquaculture systems is reviewed and the utilization rates of nitrogen and phosphorous are compared in different culture systems. The relationship between nitrogen and phosphorous budget and ecological system functions, and the relationship between yield and quality of organisms are discussed and further research is suggested to provide theoretical reference with the improvement of utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorous and the structure optimization of aquaculture mode, as well as development of ecological fisheries.
The understanding of nitrogen and phosphorus(as main sources of pollution in aquaculture) budget in an aquaculture system can reveal the source and pathway of substances in water and effectively evaluate the role of different nutrients, material conversion efficiency and aquaculture pollution level in aquaculture ecosystems. In the current paper the progress of nitrogen and phosphorous budget in aquaculture systems is reviewed and the utilization rates of nitrogen and phosphorous are compared in different culture systems. The relationship between nitrogen and phosphorous budget and ecological system functions, and the relationship between yield and quality of organisms are discussed and further research is suggested to provide theoretical reference with the improvement of utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorous and the structure optimization of aquaculture mode, as well as development of ecological fisheries.
引文
[1]Pochon X,Wood S A,Keeley N B,et al.Accurate assessment of the impact of salmon farming on benthic sediment enrichment using foraminiferal metabarcoding[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2015,100(1):370-382.
[2]Troell M,Kautsky N,Beveridge M,et al.Aquaculture[A].Encyclopedia of Biodiversity,2013,17(4):189-201.
[3]The State of World's Fisheries and Aquaculture[R].Working Papers,2016
[4]Allison E H.Aquaculture,fisheries,poverty and food security[R].Working Papers,2011.
[5]邓来富.江兴龙.池塘养殖生物修复技术研究进展[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(5):1270-1275.
[6]魏虎进,程飞,朱小明,等.以缢蛏为主的生态综合养殖池塘氮磷流转研究[J].厦门大学学报:自然版,2013,52(2):254-258.
[7]Green B W&Boyd C E.Chemical budgets for organically fertilized fish ponds in the dry tropics[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,1995,26(3):284-296.
[8]Sahu B C,Adhikari S&Dey L.Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus budget in shrimp(Penaeus monodon)culture ponds in eastern India[J].Aquaculture International,2013,21(2):453-466.
[9]齐振雄,李德尚,张曼平,等.对虾养殖池塘氮磷收支的实验研究[J].水产学报,1998,22(2):124-128.
[10]孙云飞,王芳,刘峰,等.草鱼与鲢、鲤不同混养模式系统的氮磷收支[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(3):450-459.
[11]李卓佳,虞为,朱长波,等.对虾单养和对虾-罗非鱼混养试验围隔氮磷收支的研究[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(4):50-55.
[12]李廷友,林振山.海水围塘混合养殖生态系统氮磷平衡的研究[J].井冈山大学学报:自然科学版,2010,31(2):32-35.
[13]刘峰.仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)池塘氮磷收支和沉积物特征性氮磷垂直分布的实验研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[14]陈明海,唐汇娟,孙依依,等.丰产鲫精养池塘氮磷的动态与收支[J].华中农业大学学报,2015,34(2):95-100.
[15]常杰,牛化欣,李树国,等.投喂硬颗粒饲料对沿海滩涂异育银鲫精养大池塘氮、磷利用及其收支的研究[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(6):54-59.
[16]李金亮,陈雪芬,赖秋明,等.凡纳滨对虾高位池养殖氮、磷收支研究及养殖效果分析[J].南方水产科学,2010,6(5):13-20.
[17]王玲,张春晓,钟幼平,等.对虾、东方鲀和星虫混养模式的氮磷收支研究[J].集美大学学报:自然版,2013,18(3):172-179.
[18]刘峰,李秀启,王芳,等.养殖系统N、P收支及环境N、P负荷量的研究进展[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(4):603-608.
[19]Sun Y,Chen M,Kong C,et al.Enclosure experiment of effects of dietary phosphorus level on water quality,phosphorus budget,and plankton composition in intensive culture of crucian carp[J].Aquaculture International,2017,25(3):1145-1158.
[20]常杰,田相利,董双林,等.对虾、青蛤和江蓠混养系统氮磷收支的实验研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(s1):33-39.
[21]Shpigel M,Neori A,Popper D M,et al.A proposed model for“environmentally clean”land-based culture of fish,bivalves and seaweeds[J].Aquaculture,1993,117(1-2):115-128.
[22]李德尚.董双林.对虾与鱼、贝类封闭式综合养殖的实验研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(1):90-96.
[23]Briggs M R P&Fvnge-Smith S J.A nutrient budget of some intensive marine shrimp ponds in Thailand[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,25(8):789-811.
[24]叶文娟,韩冬,朱晓明,等.饲料蛋白水平对泥鳅幼鱼生长和饲料利用的影响[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(3):571-575.
[25]Mai K,Zhang C,Ai Q,et al.Dietary phosphorus requirement of large yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea R[J]..Aquaculture,2006,251(2-4):346-353.
[26]Chen MH,Sun YY,Kong CM,et al.Effect ofdietaryphosphorus levels on growth and body composition of crucian carp,Carassius auratus under indoor and outdoor experiments[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2017,23(4):702-709.
[27]曹立业.水产养殖中的氮、磷污染[J].水产学杂志,1996,9(1):76-77.
[28]方金龙,王元,房文红,等.氨氮胁迫下白斑综合征病毒对凡纳滨对虾的致病性[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(4):52-58.
[29]Afroz T&Alam S.Sustainable shrimp farming in Bangladesh:a quest for an integrated coastal zone management[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2013,71(71):275-283.
[30]Seto K C&Fragkias M.Mangrove conversion and aquaculture development in Vietnam:a remote sensing-based approach for evaluating the ramsar convention on wetlands[J].GlobalEnvironmentalChange,2007,17(3-4):486-500.
[31]Spalding M D,Mclvor A L,Beck M W,et al.Coastal ecosystems:a critical element of risk reduction[J].Conservation Letters,2014,7(3):293-301.
[32]王媛,刘述锡.海水养殖对海岛生态系统脆弱性影响评估初探[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(3):349-355.
[33]Islam MS.Nitrogen and phosphorus budget in coastal and marine cage aquaculture and impacts of effluent loading on ecosystem:review and analysis towards model development[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2005,50(1):48-61.
[34]夏丽华,徐珊,陈智斌,等.广东省海岸带海水养殖业污染贡献率研究[J].广州大学学报:自然科学版,2013,12(5):80-86.
[35]宗虎民,袁秀堂,王立军,等.我国海水养殖业氮、磷产出量的初步评估[J].海洋环境科学,2017,36(3):336-342.
[36]许忠能,林小涛,周小壮,等.广东省海水养殖对海区环境影响的夏季调查[J].环境科学,2002,23(6):79-85.
[37]Tett P,Gowen R,Mills D,et al.Defining and detecting undesirable disturbance in the context of marine eutrophication[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2007,55(3):282-297.
[38]毛成责,矫新明,袁广旺,等.浅水富营养化湖泊水体磷吸附及固定研究进展[J].水产养殖,2016,37(1):24-29.
[39]孟顺龙,瞿建宏,裘丽萍,等.富营养化水体降磷对浮游植物群落结构特征的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(9):1578-1582.
[40]Gao Q F,Cheung K L,Cheung S G,et al.Effects of nutrient enrichment derived from fish farming activities on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a subtropical region of Hong Kong[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2005,51(8-12):994-1002.
[41]Kathijotes N.Keynote:blue economy-environmental and behavioural aspects towards sustainable coastal development[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2013,101:7-13.
[42]舒廷飞,罗琳,温琰茂.海水养殖对近岸生态环境的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2002,21(2):74-79.
[43]Cao L&Wang W.Wastewater management in freshwater pond aquaculture in China[J].Sustainability in Food and Water,2010,18:181-190.
[44]Klaoudatos S D,Klaoudatos D S,Smith J,et al.Assessment of site specific benthic impact of floating cage farming in the eastern Hios island,Eastern Aegean Sea,Greece[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&E-cology,2006,338(1):96-111.
[45]林海,周刚,李旭光,等.夏季池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹生态系统温室气体排放及综合增温潜势[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):417-424.
[46]杨平,仝川,何清华,等.闽江口鱼虾混养塘水-气界面温室气体通量及主要影响因子[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(5):1493-1503.
[47]朱林,车轩,刘晃,等.团头鲂池塘养殖生态系统晒塘阶段温室气体排放通量分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,37(3):210-215.
[48]刘晃,车轩.中国水产养殖二氧化碳排放量估算的初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2010,6(4):77-80.
[49]徐皓,倪琦,刘晃.我国水产养殖设施模式发展研究[J].渔业现代化,2007,34(6):1-6.
[50]Silvennoinen H,Liikanen A,Torssonen J,et al.Denitrification and N2O effluxes in the Bothnian Bay(northern Baltic Sea)river sediments as affected by temperature under different oxygen concentrations[J].Biogeochemistry,2008,88(1):63-72.
[51]Garcia J L,Patel B K C&Ollivier B.Taxonomic,phylogenetic,and ecological diversity of methanogenic Archaea[J].Anaerobe,2000,6(4):205-226.
[52]Mirzoyan N,Parnes S,Singer A,et al.Quality of brackish aquaculture sludge and its suitability for anaerobic digestion and methane production in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor[J].Aquaculture,2008,279(1-4):35-41.
[53]Boyd C E,Wood C W,Chaney P L,et al.Role of aquaculture pond sediments in sequestration of annual global carbon emissions[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(8):2537-2540.
[54]杨红生.我国海洋牧场建设回顾与展望[J].水产学报,2016,40(7):1133-1140.
[2]Troell M,Kautsky N,Beveridge M,et al.Aquaculture[A].Encyclopedia of Biodiversity,2013,17(4):189-201.
[3]The State of World's Fisheries and Aquaculture[R].Working Papers,2016
[4]Allison E H.Aquaculture,fisheries,poverty and food security[R].Working Papers,2011.
[5]邓来富.江兴龙.池塘养殖生物修复技术研究进展[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(5):1270-1275.
[6]魏虎进,程飞,朱小明,等.以缢蛏为主的生态综合养殖池塘氮磷流转研究[J].厦门大学学报:自然版,2013,52(2):254-258.
[7]Green B W&Boyd C E.Chemical budgets for organically fertilized fish ponds in the dry tropics[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,1995,26(3):284-296.
[8]Sahu B C,Adhikari S&Dey L.Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus budget in shrimp(Penaeus monodon)culture ponds in eastern India[J].Aquaculture International,2013,21(2):453-466.
[9]齐振雄,李德尚,张曼平,等.对虾养殖池塘氮磷收支的实验研究[J].水产学报,1998,22(2):124-128.
[10]孙云飞,王芳,刘峰,等.草鱼与鲢、鲤不同混养模式系统的氮磷收支[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(3):450-459.
[11]李卓佳,虞为,朱长波,等.对虾单养和对虾-罗非鱼混养试验围隔氮磷收支的研究[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(4):50-55.
[12]李廷友,林振山.海水围塘混合养殖生态系统氮磷平衡的研究[J].井冈山大学学报:自然科学版,2010,31(2):32-35.
[13]刘峰.仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)池塘氮磷收支和沉积物特征性氮磷垂直分布的实验研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2009.
[14]陈明海,唐汇娟,孙依依,等.丰产鲫精养池塘氮磷的动态与收支[J].华中农业大学学报,2015,34(2):95-100.
[15]常杰,牛化欣,李树国,等.投喂硬颗粒饲料对沿海滩涂异育银鲫精养大池塘氮、磷利用及其收支的研究[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(6):54-59.
[16]李金亮,陈雪芬,赖秋明,等.凡纳滨对虾高位池养殖氮、磷收支研究及养殖效果分析[J].南方水产科学,2010,6(5):13-20.
[17]王玲,张春晓,钟幼平,等.对虾、东方鲀和星虫混养模式的氮磷收支研究[J].集美大学学报:自然版,2013,18(3):172-179.
[18]刘峰,李秀启,王芳,等.养殖系统N、P收支及环境N、P负荷量的研究进展[J].海洋环境科学,2011,30(4):603-608.
[19]Sun Y,Chen M,Kong C,et al.Enclosure experiment of effects of dietary phosphorus level on water quality,phosphorus budget,and plankton composition in intensive culture of crucian carp[J].Aquaculture International,2017,25(3):1145-1158.
[20]常杰,田相利,董双林,等.对虾、青蛤和江蓠混养系统氮磷收支的实验研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2006,36(s1):33-39.
[21]Shpigel M,Neori A,Popper D M,et al.A proposed model for“environmentally clean”land-based culture of fish,bivalves and seaweeds[J].Aquaculture,1993,117(1-2):115-128.
[22]李德尚.董双林.对虾与鱼、贝类封闭式综合养殖的实验研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2002,33(1):90-96.
[23]Briggs M R P&Fvnge-Smith S J.A nutrient budget of some intensive marine shrimp ponds in Thailand[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,25(8):789-811.
[24]叶文娟,韩冬,朱晓明,等.饲料蛋白水平对泥鳅幼鱼生长和饲料利用的影响[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(3):571-575.
[25]Mai K,Zhang C,Ai Q,et al.Dietary phosphorus requirement of large yellow croaker,Pseudosciaena crocea R[J]..Aquaculture,2006,251(2-4):346-353.
[26]Chen MH,Sun YY,Kong CM,et al.Effect ofdietaryphosphorus levels on growth and body composition of crucian carp,Carassius auratus under indoor and outdoor experiments[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2017,23(4):702-709.
[27]曹立业.水产养殖中的氮、磷污染[J].水产学杂志,1996,9(1):76-77.
[28]方金龙,王元,房文红,等.氨氮胁迫下白斑综合征病毒对凡纳滨对虾的致病性[J].南方水产科学,2017,13(4):52-58.
[29]Afroz T&Alam S.Sustainable shrimp farming in Bangladesh:a quest for an integrated coastal zone management[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2013,71(71):275-283.
[30]Seto K C&Fragkias M.Mangrove conversion and aquaculture development in Vietnam:a remote sensing-based approach for evaluating the ramsar convention on wetlands[J].GlobalEnvironmentalChange,2007,17(3-4):486-500.
[31]Spalding M D,Mclvor A L,Beck M W,et al.Coastal ecosystems:a critical element of risk reduction[J].Conservation Letters,2014,7(3):293-301.
[32]王媛,刘述锡.海水养殖对海岛生态系统脆弱性影响评估初探[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(3):349-355.
[33]Islam MS.Nitrogen and phosphorus budget in coastal and marine cage aquaculture and impacts of effluent loading on ecosystem:review and analysis towards model development[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2005,50(1):48-61.
[34]夏丽华,徐珊,陈智斌,等.广东省海岸带海水养殖业污染贡献率研究[J].广州大学学报:自然科学版,2013,12(5):80-86.
[35]宗虎民,袁秀堂,王立军,等.我国海水养殖业氮、磷产出量的初步评估[J].海洋环境科学,2017,36(3):336-342.
[36]许忠能,林小涛,周小壮,等.广东省海水养殖对海区环境影响的夏季调查[J].环境科学,2002,23(6):79-85.
[37]Tett P,Gowen R,Mills D,et al.Defining and detecting undesirable disturbance in the context of marine eutrophication[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2007,55(3):282-297.
[38]毛成责,矫新明,袁广旺,等.浅水富营养化湖泊水体磷吸附及固定研究进展[J].水产养殖,2016,37(1):24-29.
[39]孟顺龙,瞿建宏,裘丽萍,等.富营养化水体降磷对浮游植物群落结构特征的影响[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(9):1578-1582.
[40]Gao Q F,Cheung K L,Cheung S G,et al.Effects of nutrient enrichment derived from fish farming activities on macroinvertebrate assemblages in a subtropical region of Hong Kong[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2005,51(8-12):994-1002.
[41]Kathijotes N.Keynote:blue economy-environmental and behavioural aspects towards sustainable coastal development[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2013,101:7-13.
[42]舒廷飞,罗琳,温琰茂.海水养殖对近岸生态环境的影响[J].海洋环境科学,2002,21(2):74-79.
[43]Cao L&Wang W.Wastewater management in freshwater pond aquaculture in China[J].Sustainability in Food and Water,2010,18:181-190.
[44]Klaoudatos S D,Klaoudatos D S,Smith J,et al.Assessment of site specific benthic impact of floating cage farming in the eastern Hios island,Eastern Aegean Sea,Greece[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology&E-cology,2006,338(1):96-111.
[45]林海,周刚,李旭光,等.夏季池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹生态系统温室气体排放及综合增温潜势[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):417-424.
[46]杨平,仝川,何清华,等.闽江口鱼虾混养塘水-气界面温室气体通量及主要影响因子[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(5):1493-1503.
[47]朱林,车轩,刘晃,等.团头鲂池塘养殖生态系统晒塘阶段温室气体排放通量分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,37(3):210-215.
[48]刘晃,车轩.中国水产养殖二氧化碳排放量估算的初步研究[J].南方水产科学,2010,6(4):77-80.
[49]徐皓,倪琦,刘晃.我国水产养殖设施模式发展研究[J].渔业现代化,2007,34(6):1-6.
[50]Silvennoinen H,Liikanen A,Torssonen J,et al.Denitrification and N2O effluxes in the Bothnian Bay(northern Baltic Sea)river sediments as affected by temperature under different oxygen concentrations[J].Biogeochemistry,2008,88(1):63-72.
[51]Garcia J L,Patel B K C&Ollivier B.Taxonomic,phylogenetic,and ecological diversity of methanogenic Archaea[J].Anaerobe,2000,6(4):205-226.
[52]Mirzoyan N,Parnes S,Singer A,et al.Quality of brackish aquaculture sludge and its suitability for anaerobic digestion and methane production in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactor[J].Aquaculture,2008,279(1-4):35-41.
[53]Boyd C E,Wood C W,Chaney P L,et al.Role of aquaculture pond sediments in sequestration of annual global carbon emissions[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(8):2537-2540.
[54]杨红生.我国海洋牧场建设回顾与展望[J].水产学报,2016,40(7):1133-1140.