早期分解中油松与阔叶树种凋落叶混合分解效应及其相互影响
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摘要
以油松(Pinus tabuliformis Carrière)和5种阔叶树的凋落叶为对象,使用分解袋法在室内进行为期6个月的针阔混合分解实验,研究产生的混合分解效应、针阔凋落叶对彼此分解速率的影响及其可能产生机理。结果显示:(1)油松分别与红桦(Betula albo-sinensis Burk.)、灰楸(Catalpa fargesii Bur.)、太白杨(Populus purdomii Rehd.)凋落叶混合对分解速率均产生加性效应,但其中油松凋落叶分解受到显著促进,而阔叶凋落叶分解受到显著抑制。油松与杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides Oliver)凋落叶混合时两者分解速率均显著降低,油松与槭树(Acer tsinglingense Fang et Hsieh)凋落叶混合时两者分解速率均显著提高;(2)总体而言,在蔗糖酶、羧甲基纤维素酶和多酚氧化酶参与凋落叶分解的主要时期,红桦、灰楸、太白杨分别与油松凋落叶混合分解使土壤中这3种酶的活性较油松单独分解时显著提高,而较阔叶凋落叶单独分解时显著降低;油松与杜仲混合分解使这3种酶活性较两者单独分解时显著降低,而油松与槭树混合分解则产生相反效果。本研究结果表明,从凋落叶混合分解对物质循环影响的角度考虑,红桦、灰楸、太白杨和槭树可以用于油松纯林的混交改造,但应注意混交对阔叶树种分解的抑制;杜仲与油松凋落叶混合分解将会妨碍彼此养分循环,不宜混交改造。
In this study,the litter of Pinus tabuliformis Carrière and five broadleaved species was mixed and placed in litterbags for six-month early-stage mixed litter decomposition. The mixed decomposition effects and interspecific impacts of broadleaved and P. tabuliformis species on decomposition were determined. Results indicated that:( 1) mixed decomposition of P.tabuliformis and Betula albo-sinensis Burk.,Catalpa fargesii Bur.,and Populus purdomii Rehd.showed additive effects; however,the decomposition of P. tabuliformis litter was significantly accelerated,whereas the decomposition of broadleaf litter was significantly inhibited. Mixing P.tabuliformis and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver litter inhibited the decomposition of both types of litter,whereas mixing P. tabuliformis and Acer tsinglingense Fang et Hsieh litter showed contrary results.( 2) Generally, the activities of sucrase, carboxymethyl cellulase, and polyphenol oxidase in the decomposition medium of mixtures of P. tabuliformis with B. albo-sinensis,C. fargesii,or P. purdomii were significantly higher than those in the decomposition medium( soil) of P. tabuliformis,whereas they were significantly lower than those in the decomposition medium of broadleaf litter. The mixed decomposition of P. tabuliformis and E.ulmoides resulted in significantly lower activities of the above-mentioned enzymes in the decomposition medium of the mixture compared with the activities in both types of singlespecific decomposition medium,whereas the mixed decomposition of P. tabuliformis and A.tsinglingense exhibited contrasting impact. Considering the effects of mixed litter decomposition on the material cycling of the ecosystem,B. albo-sinensis,C. fargesii,P.purdomii,and A. tsinglingense could be used for transformation of pure P. tabuliformis forests;however,the inhibitory effects of mixing on litter decomposition of these species should be taken into consideration. As mixed plantation hindered nutrient cycling,E. ulmoides should not be mix-planted with P. tabuliformis.
In this study,the litter of Pinus tabuliformis Carrière and five broadleaved species was mixed and placed in litterbags for six-month early-stage mixed litter decomposition. The mixed decomposition effects and interspecific impacts of broadleaved and P. tabuliformis species on decomposition were determined. Results indicated that:( 1) mixed decomposition of P.tabuliformis and Betula albo-sinensis Burk.,Catalpa fargesii Bur.,and Populus purdomii Rehd.showed additive effects; however,the decomposition of P. tabuliformis litter was significantly accelerated,whereas the decomposition of broadleaf litter was significantly inhibited. Mixing P.tabuliformis and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver litter inhibited the decomposition of both types of litter,whereas mixing P. tabuliformis and Acer tsinglingense Fang et Hsieh litter showed contrary results.( 2) Generally, the activities of sucrase, carboxymethyl cellulase, and polyphenol oxidase in the decomposition medium of mixtures of P. tabuliformis with B. albo-sinensis,C. fargesii,or P. purdomii were significantly higher than those in the decomposition medium( soil) of P. tabuliformis,whereas they were significantly lower than those in the decomposition medium of broadleaf litter. The mixed decomposition of P. tabuliformis and E.ulmoides resulted in significantly lower activities of the above-mentioned enzymes in the decomposition medium of the mixture compared with the activities in both types of singlespecific decomposition medium,whereas the mixed decomposition of P. tabuliformis and A.tsinglingense exhibited contrasting impact. Considering the effects of mixed litter decomposition on the material cycling of the ecosystem,B. albo-sinensis,C. fargesii,P.purdomii,and A. tsinglingense could be used for transformation of pure P. tabuliformis forests;however,the inhibitory effects of mixing on litter decomposition of these species should be taken into consideration. As mixed plantation hindered nutrient cycling,E. ulmoides should not be mix-planted with P. tabuliformis.
引文
[1]刘冰燕,陈云明,曹扬,吴旭.秦岭南坡东段油松人工林生态系统碳、氮储量及其分配格局[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(3):643-652.Liu BY,Chen YM,Cao Y,Wu X. Storage and allocation of carbon and nitrogen in Pinus tabuliformis plantations on the south slope of the east Qinling Mountains,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(3):643-652.
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[3]孙鹏跃,徐福利,王渭玲,王玲玲,牛瑞龙,高星,白小芳.华北落叶松人工林地土壤养分与土壤酶的季节变化及关系[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(6):944-952.Sun PY,Xu FL,Wang WL,Wang LL,Niu RL,Gao X,Bai XF. Seasonal dynamics of soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2016,33(6):944-952.
[4] Luc NT,Liu Z,Bing Y,Zhang X,Nguyen TH. The control of soil polarization in Populus simonii,and Quercus liaotungensis,forests by forage litter on the Loess Plateau,P.R. China[J]. J For Rese,2015,26(3):687-695.
[5] Mi C,Liu Z,Li Q,Mohamad OA. Effect of litter decomposition on soil polarization in three typical planted pure coniferous forests in Loess Plateau,China[J]. Int J Agric Biol,2013,15(4):687-693.
[6] Santos FM,Balieiro FDC,Fontes MA,Chaer GM. Understanding the enhanced litter decomposition of mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus and Acacia mangium[J].Plant Soil,2018,423(1-2):141-155.
[7] Song F,Fan X,Song R. Review of mixed forest litter decomposition researches[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(4):221-225.
[8]李宜浓,周晓梅,张乃莉,马克平.陆地生态系统混合凋落物分解研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):4977-4987.Li YN,Zhou XM,Zhang NL,Ma KP. The research of mixed litter effects on litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(16):4977-4987.
[9] Gartner TB, Cardon ZG. Decomposition dynamics in mixed-species leaf litter[J]. Oikos,2004,104(2):230-246.
[10] Leppert KN,Niklaus PA,Scherer-Lorenzen M. Does species richness of subtropical tree leaf litter affect decomposition,nutrient release,transfer and subsequent uptake by plants?[J]. Soil Biol Biochem,2017,115:44-53.
[11]肖玲艳.尾巨桉凋落叶与其他物种凋落叶混合分解过程研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.
[12]林开敏,洪伟,俞新妥,黄宝龙.杉木与伴生植物凋落物混合分解的相互作用研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(3):321-325.Lin KM,Hong W,Yu XT,Huang BL. Decomposition interaction of mixed litter between Chinese fir and various accompanying plant species[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(3):321-325.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[14]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[15] Guénon R,Day TA,Velazco-Ayuso S,Gros R. Mixing of aleppo pine and holm oak litter increases biochemical diversity and alleviates N limitations of microbial activity[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2017,105:216-226.
[16]林晗,陈辉,吴承祯,洪滔,谢安强.千年桐与毛竹凋落叶混合分解对土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(4):539-545.Lin H,Chen H,Wu CZ,Hong T,Xie AQ. Effects of decomposition of Aleurites montana and Phyllostachys pubescences mixed foliage litter on activity of soil enzymes[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2012,18(4):539-545.
[17] Li Q,Zhao G,Cao G,Liu Z. Soil effects of six different two-species litter mixtures that include Ulmus pumila[J].Chem Ecol,2016,32(8):707-721.
[18]王博雅.针阔混交林中阔叶树种枯落物分解所受的化感影响[D]:杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[19] Chen W,Vermaak I,Viljoen A. Camphor-a fumigant during the black death and a coveted fragrant wood in ancient egypt and babylon:a review[J]. Molecules(Basel,Switzerland),2013,18(5):5434-5454.
[20] Naseby D,Pascual J,Lynch J. Effect of biocontrol strains of Trichoderma on plant growth,Pythium ultimum populations,soil microbial communities and soil enzyme activities[J]. J Appl Microbiol,2000,88(1):161-169.
[21] Shi B,Luan D,Wang S,Zhao L,Tao L,Yuan Q,Wang X. Borneol-grafted cellulose for antifungal adhesion and fungal growth inhibition[J]. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(64):51947-51952.
[22] Adamczyk S,Adamczyk B,Kitunen V,Smolander A.Monoterpenes and higher terpenes may inhibit enzyme activities in boreal forest soil[J]. Soil Biol Biochem,2015,87:59-66.
[23] Chomel M,Guittonny-Larchevêque M,Fernandez C,Gallet C,Desrochers A,ParéD,et al. Plant secondary metabolites:a key driver of litter decomposition and soil nutrient cycling[J]. J Ecol,2016,104(6):1527-1541.
[24] Mao B,Yu ZY,Zeng DH. Non-additive effects of species mixing on litter mass loss and chemical properties in a mongolian pine plantation of northeast China[J]. Plant Soil,2015,396(1-2):339-351.
[25] Gogo S,Laggoun-Défarge F,Merzouki F,Mounier S,Guirimand-Dufour A,Jozja N,et al. In situ and laboratory non-additive litter mixture effect on C dynamics of Sphagnum rubellum and Molinia caerulea litters[J]. J Soils Sediment,2016,16(1):13-27.
[26]李英花,周莉,吴健,周旺明,代力民,卢正茂,黄利亚.辽东落叶松人工混交林凋落叶混合分解特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3049-3055.Li YH,Zhou L,Wu J,Zhou WM,Dai LM,Lu ZM,Huang LY. Decomposition of mixed leaf litter of Larix kaempferi plantation in eastern montane region of Liaoning Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(11):3049-3055.
[27] Zhang X,Liu Z,Zhu B,Bing Y,Luc NT,Du L,Zhu Z.Impacts of mixed litter decomposition from Robinia pseudoacacia and other tree species on C loss and nutrient release in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. J For Res,2016,27(3):525-532.
[28] Prescott CE,Grayston SJ. Tree species influence on microbial communities in litter and soil:Current knowledge and research needs[J]. Forest Ecol Manag,2013,309(4):19-27.
[29]孙兰萍,马龙,张斌,许晖.杜仲黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2009,2009(3):359-363.Sun LP,Ma L,Zhang B,Xu H. Research progress of flavonoids in Eucommia ulmoides[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2009,31(3):359-363.
[30]玄红专,胡福良.黄酮类化合物抑制微生物活性及其作用机制[J].天然产物研究与开发,2010,22(1):171-175.Xuan HZ,Hu FL. Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of flavonoids[J]. Natural Product Research and Development,2010,22(1):171-175.
[31] Liu C,Liu Y,Guo K,Zhao H,Qiao X,Wang S,et al.Mixing litter from deciduous and evergreen trees enhances decomposition in a subtropical karst forest in southwestern China[J]. Soil Biol Biochem,2016,101:44-54.
[2]牛瑞龙,高星,徐福利,王渭玲,王玲玲,孙鹏跃,白小芳.秦岭中幼林龄华北落叶松针叶与土壤的碳氮磷生态化学计量特征[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7384-7392.Niu RL,Gao X,Xu FL,Wang WL,Wang LL,Sun PY,Bai XF. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometric characteristics of soil and leaves from young and middle aged Larix principis-rupprechtii growing in a Qinling Mountain plantation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(22):7384-7392.
[3]孙鹏跃,徐福利,王渭玲,王玲玲,牛瑞龙,高星,白小芳.华北落叶松人工林地土壤养分与土壤酶的季节变化及关系[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(6):944-952.Sun PY,Xu FL,Wang WL,Wang LL,Niu RL,Gao X,Bai XF. Seasonal dynamics of soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2016,33(6):944-952.
[4] Luc NT,Liu Z,Bing Y,Zhang X,Nguyen TH. The control of soil polarization in Populus simonii,and Quercus liaotungensis,forests by forage litter on the Loess Plateau,P.R. China[J]. J For Rese,2015,26(3):687-695.
[5] Mi C,Liu Z,Li Q,Mohamad OA. Effect of litter decomposition on soil polarization in three typical planted pure coniferous forests in Loess Plateau,China[J]. Int J Agric Biol,2013,15(4):687-693.
[6] Santos FM,Balieiro FDC,Fontes MA,Chaer GM. Understanding the enhanced litter decomposition of mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus and Acacia mangium[J].Plant Soil,2018,423(1-2):141-155.
[7] Song F,Fan X,Song R. Review of mixed forest litter decomposition researches[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(4):221-225.
[8]李宜浓,周晓梅,张乃莉,马克平.陆地生态系统混合凋落物分解研究进展[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):4977-4987.Li YN,Zhou XM,Zhang NL,Ma KP. The research of mixed litter effects on litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(16):4977-4987.
[9] Gartner TB, Cardon ZG. Decomposition dynamics in mixed-species leaf litter[J]. Oikos,2004,104(2):230-246.
[10] Leppert KN,Niklaus PA,Scherer-Lorenzen M. Does species richness of subtropical tree leaf litter affect decomposition,nutrient release,transfer and subsequent uptake by plants?[J]. Soil Biol Biochem,2017,115:44-53.
[11]肖玲艳.尾巨桉凋落叶与其他物种凋落叶混合分解过程研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.
[12]林开敏,洪伟,俞新妥,黄宝龙.杉木与伴生植物凋落物混合分解的相互作用研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(3):321-325.Lin KM,Hong W,Yu XT,Huang BL. Decomposition interaction of mixed litter between Chinese fir and various accompanying plant species[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(3):321-325.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[14]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986.
[15] Guénon R,Day TA,Velazco-Ayuso S,Gros R. Mixing of aleppo pine and holm oak litter increases biochemical diversity and alleviates N limitations of microbial activity[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2017,105:216-226.
[16]林晗,陈辉,吴承祯,洪滔,谢安强.千年桐与毛竹凋落叶混合分解对土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(4):539-545.Lin H,Chen H,Wu CZ,Hong T,Xie AQ. Effects of decomposition of Aleurites montana and Phyllostachys pubescences mixed foliage litter on activity of soil enzymes[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2012,18(4):539-545.
[17] Li Q,Zhao G,Cao G,Liu Z. Soil effects of six different two-species litter mixtures that include Ulmus pumila[J].Chem Ecol,2016,32(8):707-721.
[18]王博雅.针阔混交林中阔叶树种枯落物分解所受的化感影响[D]:杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[19] Chen W,Vermaak I,Viljoen A. Camphor-a fumigant during the black death and a coveted fragrant wood in ancient egypt and babylon:a review[J]. Molecules(Basel,Switzerland),2013,18(5):5434-5454.
[20] Naseby D,Pascual J,Lynch J. Effect of biocontrol strains of Trichoderma on plant growth,Pythium ultimum populations,soil microbial communities and soil enzyme activities[J]. J Appl Microbiol,2000,88(1):161-169.
[21] Shi B,Luan D,Wang S,Zhao L,Tao L,Yuan Q,Wang X. Borneol-grafted cellulose for antifungal adhesion and fungal growth inhibition[J]. RSC Advances, 2015, 5(64):51947-51952.
[22] Adamczyk S,Adamczyk B,Kitunen V,Smolander A.Monoterpenes and higher terpenes may inhibit enzyme activities in boreal forest soil[J]. Soil Biol Biochem,2015,87:59-66.
[23] Chomel M,Guittonny-Larchevêque M,Fernandez C,Gallet C,Desrochers A,ParéD,et al. Plant secondary metabolites:a key driver of litter decomposition and soil nutrient cycling[J]. J Ecol,2016,104(6):1527-1541.
[24] Mao B,Yu ZY,Zeng DH. Non-additive effects of species mixing on litter mass loss and chemical properties in a mongolian pine plantation of northeast China[J]. Plant Soil,2015,396(1-2):339-351.
[25] Gogo S,Laggoun-Défarge F,Merzouki F,Mounier S,Guirimand-Dufour A,Jozja N,et al. In situ and laboratory non-additive litter mixture effect on C dynamics of Sphagnum rubellum and Molinia caerulea litters[J]. J Soils Sediment,2016,16(1):13-27.
[26]李英花,周莉,吴健,周旺明,代力民,卢正茂,黄利亚.辽东落叶松人工混交林凋落叶混合分解特征[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3049-3055.Li YH,Zhou L,Wu J,Zhou WM,Dai LM,Lu ZM,Huang LY. Decomposition of mixed leaf litter of Larix kaempferi plantation in eastern montane region of Liaoning Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(11):3049-3055.
[27] Zhang X,Liu Z,Zhu B,Bing Y,Luc NT,Du L,Zhu Z.Impacts of mixed litter decomposition from Robinia pseudoacacia and other tree species on C loss and nutrient release in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. J For Res,2016,27(3):525-532.
[28] Prescott CE,Grayston SJ. Tree species influence on microbial communities in litter and soil:Current knowledge and research needs[J]. Forest Ecol Manag,2013,309(4):19-27.
[29]孙兰萍,马龙,张斌,许晖.杜仲黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].食品工业科技,2009,2009(3):359-363.Sun LP,Ma L,Zhang B,Xu H. Research progress of flavonoids in Eucommia ulmoides[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry,2009,31(3):359-363.
[30]玄红专,胡福良.黄酮类化合物抑制微生物活性及其作用机制[J].天然产物研究与开发,2010,22(1):171-175.Xuan HZ,Hu FL. Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of flavonoids[J]. Natural Product Research and Development,2010,22(1):171-175.
[31] Liu C,Liu Y,Guo K,Zhao H,Qiao X,Wang S,et al.Mixing litter from deciduous and evergreen trees enhances decomposition in a subtropical karst forest in southwestern China[J]. Soil Biol Biochem,2016,101:44-54.