生态沟渠对农田氮磷拦截效果的试验研究
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摘要
在农业污染中,农业非点源污染尤为严重,有报道显示,农业非点源污染已经成为我国乃至世界的环境污染问题。本研究通过一种潜流透水坝生态沟渠,研究水生植物和填料对氮磷的去除机理,以及不同因素对生态沟渠脱氮除磷的影响。结果显示:(1)有潜流透水坝的沟渠对氮、磷的拦截效果明显优于空白沟渠和植物沟渠;(2)高浓度(TN=30 mg/L、TP=0.9 mg/L)、低流量(50 L/h)、中水位(16 cm)进水条件下对氮磷的去除效果较好;(3)两条沟渠填料位置的不同对氮磷的去除效果基本无影响。研究结果表明,潜流透水坝生态沟渠在农田排水氮磷拦截中能起到非常重要的作用。
Agricultural non-point source pollution is more serious in agricultural pollution. As reported, agricultural non-point source pollution has become one of the most important environmental problem in China and all around the world. An ecological ditch with submersible dam in it was adopted to research the removal mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus through aquatic plants and fillers and the effects of different factors. The results showed that:(1)The interception effect of ditch with submersible dam is superior to that of blank ditch and plant ditch.(2)the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect is best in the condition of high concentration(TN = 30 mg/L, TP = 0.9 mg/L), low flow(50 L/h)and medium water level(16 cm).(3)The difference of the filling position of the two ditches has little effect on the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. Thus, the ecological ditch with submersible dams played an important role in the interception of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage.
Agricultural non-point source pollution is more serious in agricultural pollution. As reported, agricultural non-point source pollution has become one of the most important environmental problem in China and all around the world. An ecological ditch with submersible dam in it was adopted to research the removal mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus through aquatic plants and fillers and the effects of different factors. The results showed that:(1)The interception effect of ditch with submersible dam is superior to that of blank ditch and plant ditch.(2)the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect is best in the condition of high concentration(TN = 30 mg/L, TP = 0.9 mg/L), low flow(50 L/h)and medium water level(16 cm).(3)The difference of the filling position of the two ditches has little effect on the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus. Thus, the ecological ditch with submersible dams played an important role in the interception of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland drainage.
引文
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[2]Tyler H L,Moore M T,Locke M A.Potential for phosphate mitigation from agricultural runoff by three aquatic macrophytes[J].Water Air and Soil Pollution,2012,223(7):4557-4564.
[3]吕耀.苏南太湖流域农业非点源污染及农业持续发展战略[J].环境与可持续发展,1998(2):1-4.
[4]US Environmental Protection Agency.Non-point source pollution from agriculture[EB/OL].(2014-10-31).http://www.epa.gov/region8/water/nps/npsurb.html.
[5]Allen C R,Stein O R,Hook P B,et al.Temperature,plant species and residence time effects on nitrogen removal in model treatment wetlands[J].Water Science and Technology,2013,68(11):2337-2343.
[6]姜翠玲.沟渠湿地对农业非点源污染物的截留和去除效应[D].南京:河海大学,2004.
[7]李强坤,胡亚伟,孙娟.农业非点源污染物在排水沟渠中的迁移转化研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(1):210-214.
[8]李程亮.底泥对氮磷的吸附及投加微生物对底泥磷释放的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2011.
[9]赵桂瑜.人工湿地除磷基质筛选及其吸附机理研究[D].上海:同济大学,2007.
[10]涂佳敏.生态沟渠处理农田氮磷污水的实验与模拟研究[D].天津:天津大学,2014.
[11]于会彬,席北斗,郭旭晶,等.降水对农田排水沟渠中氮磷流失的影响[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(4):409-414.