青蒿最佳采收期和采收部位的研究
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摘要
目的:通过测定不同采收期、不同采收部位的青蒿各成分指标,分析青蒿品质差异,确定青蒿的最佳采收期和采收部位。方法:在青蒿营养生长后期、花芽分化期、盛蕾期和盛花期四个生长时期采收样品,每个采收期分全株采收、一级分枝、二级分枝、主干上部、主干下部共五个部分采收,分别测定鲜重、干重、药材灰分、浸出物、挥发油等指标,进行数据分析。结果:盛蕾期青蒿的生物量和浸出物含量较大,挥发油含量最高,各部位浸出物含量均符合《中华人民共和国药典》2015版浸出物项规定;盛花期青蒿生物量和浸出物含量达到最大,挥发油含量低于盛蕾期,主干下部占总生物量比重大,但浸出物含量低于《中华人民共和国药典》2015版规定。结论:结合产量和质量两方面因素,青蒿在盛蕾期全株采收或盛花期去除老茎采收最为适宜。
Objective:In order to certain the optimal harvest period and harvest location of Artemisia annua,we measured the component indexes of A.annua and analyzed quality differences.Methods:We collect samples at four growth periods,including vegetative stage,bud differentiation stage,bud stage and flowering stage.All plant harvest,primary branches,secondary branch,trunk upper part,lower part of the trunk,five parts were harvested in each harvest time points.The indexes of fresh weight,dry weight,crude ash,extract and volatile oil were measured and analyzed.Results:In the bud stag,the biomass and extract content of A.annua were higher than those of vegetative stage and bud differentiation stage,the content of volatile oil was the highest.The biomass and extract content of A.annua reached the maximum at flowering stage,while the volatile oil content was lower than that of bud stage.The proportion of lower trunk in total biomass was significant,but the content of extract was lower than that required by Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Conclusion:The optimal harvest period and harvest location of A.annua is to harvest the whole plant of A.annua at bud stage or harvest A.annua without the lower trunk at flowering stage.
Objective:In order to certain the optimal harvest period and harvest location of Artemisia annua,we measured the component indexes of A.annua and analyzed quality differences.Methods:We collect samples at four growth periods,including vegetative stage,bud differentiation stage,bud stage and flowering stage.All plant harvest,primary branches,secondary branch,trunk upper part,lower part of the trunk,five parts were harvested in each harvest time points.The indexes of fresh weight,dry weight,crude ash,extract and volatile oil were measured and analyzed.Results:In the bud stag,the biomass and extract content of A.annua were higher than those of vegetative stage and bud differentiation stage,the content of volatile oil was the highest.The biomass and extract content of A.annua reached the maximum at flowering stage,while the volatile oil content was lower than that of bud stage.The proportion of lower trunk in total biomass was significant,but the content of extract was lower than that required by Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Conclusion:The optimal harvest period and harvest location of A.annua is to harvest the whole plant of A.annua at bud stage or harvest A.annua without the lower trunk at flowering stage.
引文
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[10] 崔广林,李隆云,吴叶宽.武陵山区黄花蒿生长发育规律研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2016,24(1):87-92.
[11] 杨婷.重庆青蒿的品质评价研究[D].成都:成都中医药大学,2007.
[12] 杨丽英,李绍平,谷安宇,等.黄花蒿繁殖生物学初步研究[J].西南农业学报,2008(4):1036-1039.
[13] 付晓萍.西宁地区黄花蒿的生物学特性[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2007(4):74-75.
[14] 陈迪钊,唐根云,张智慧.黄花蒿中青蒿素含量的动态变异性研究[J].中南药学,2010,27(9):804.
[15] 朱卫平,刘仲华,盛孝邦.黄花蒿不同发育期和不同分枝青蒿素含量和产量的动态变化[J].中国现代应用药学,2010,8(9):651.
[2] KIM W S,CHOI W J,LEE S,et al.Anti-inflammatory,antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of artemisinin extracts from Artemisia annua L.Korean J Physiol Pha,2015,19(1):21-27.
[3] 马婷玉,向丽,张栋,等.青蒿(黄花蒿)分子育种现状及研究策略[J].中国中药杂志,2018,43(15):3041-3050.
[4] 国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:198.
[5] 胡媛.青蒿研究进展[J].海峡药学,2010,22(11):4-7.
[6] 周亚丹,赵敏,张荣沭,等.黑龙江野生黄花蒿生物量及青蒿素含量[J].东北林业大学学报,2009,37(5):70-71.
[7] 张燕,张继,姚健,等.新疆产黄花蒿挥发油成分研究[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004(1):67-69,86.
[8] 齐向娟,李士雨,何玉娟.天津地区黄花蒿中青蒿素测定[J].中草药,2006(3):449-450.
[9] 张秀玲.山东产中药黄花蒿挥发油成分研究[J].黄冈师范学院学报,2005(3):44-47.
[10] 崔广林,李隆云,吴叶宽.武陵山区黄花蒿生长发育规律研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2016,24(1):87-92.
[11] 杨婷.重庆青蒿的品质评价研究[D].成都:成都中医药大学,2007.
[12] 杨丽英,李绍平,谷安宇,等.黄花蒿繁殖生物学初步研究[J].西南农业学报,2008(4):1036-1039.
[13] 付晓萍.西宁地区黄花蒿的生物学特性[J].青海大学学报(自然科学版),2007(4):74-75.
[14] 陈迪钊,唐根云,张智慧.黄花蒿中青蒿素含量的动态变异性研究[J].中南药学,2010,27(9):804.
[15] 朱卫平,刘仲华,盛孝邦.黄花蒿不同发育期和不同分枝青蒿素含量和产量的动态变化[J].中国现代应用药学,2010,8(9):651.