不同质地潮土冬小麦SPAD值在氮素营养诊断上的应用研究
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摘要
为建立不同质地潮土冬小麦氮素营养诊断指标,以豫农949和豫麦49为供试材料,在砂质和壤质潮土上,设置5种施氮水平,分别为0、90、180、270和360 kg·hm(~-2),研究不同施氮水平对冬小麦产量和叶片SPAD(Soil and Plant Analyzer Development)值的影响。结果表明,在2种类型潮土上,2个冬小麦品种的产量均随施氮量的增加先增加后降低,壤质潮土上2个冬小麦的产量显著高于砂质潮土。2个冬小麦品种在砂质潮土上拔节期顶1叶、孕穗期顶1叶和顶2叶的SPAD值与产量显著相关,在壤质土壤上返青期顶1叶、孕穗期顶1叶和孕穗期顶2叶的SPAD值与产量显著相关。拔节期顶1叶、孕穗期顶1叶和顶2叶的SPAD值可以作为砂质潮土上冬小麦氮素营养的诊断时期和部位,诊断临界值为47.06、44.95和45.08。返青期顶1叶、孕穗期顶1叶和孕穗期顶2叶的SPAD值可以作为壤质潮土上冬小麦氮素营养的诊断时期和部位,诊断临界值为54.80、52.58和55.01。
To establish nitrogen nutrition diagnostic index of winter wheat in different texture alluvial soils,the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and SPAD value of different leaf positions of winter wheat were studied. Yu Nong 949 and Yu Mai 49 of wheat cultivars were used as model materials.Five fertilization rates of nitrogen( 0,90,180,270,360 kg· hm(~-2)) were applied in field trial. The results showed that the yields of two cultivars firstly increased then decreased with an increase of the nitrogen rate.Wheat yield in loamy fluvo-aquic soil was higher than those of sandy fluvo-aquic soil. In the sandy fluvoaquic soil,the SPAD value of top 1 leave at jointing stage,top 1 and 2 leaves at booting stage were significantly correlated with wheat yield. In the loamy fluvo-aquic soil,the SPAD value of top 1 at turning green,top 1 and 2 leaves at booting were significantly correlated with wheat yield. The SPAD value of top 1 leave at jointing stage,top 1 and 2 leaves at booting can be used as diagnostic time and location in the sandy fluvoaquic soil,which the critical value of SPAD were 47. 06,44. 95 and 45. 08,respectively. The SPAD value of top 1 at turning green,top 1 and 2 leaves at booting stage can be used as diagnostic time and location inthe loamy fluvo-aquic soil with the critical value of 54. 80,52. 58 and 55. 01,respectively.
To establish nitrogen nutrition diagnostic index of winter wheat in different texture alluvial soils,the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and SPAD value of different leaf positions of winter wheat were studied. Yu Nong 949 and Yu Mai 49 of wheat cultivars were used as model materials.Five fertilization rates of nitrogen( 0,90,180,270,360 kg· hm(~-2)) were applied in field trial. The results showed that the yields of two cultivars firstly increased then decreased with an increase of the nitrogen rate.Wheat yield in loamy fluvo-aquic soil was higher than those of sandy fluvo-aquic soil. In the sandy fluvoaquic soil,the SPAD value of top 1 leave at jointing stage,top 1 and 2 leaves at booting stage were significantly correlated with wheat yield. In the loamy fluvo-aquic soil,the SPAD value of top 1 at turning green,top 1 and 2 leaves at booting were significantly correlated with wheat yield. The SPAD value of top 1 leave at jointing stage,top 1 and 2 leaves at booting can be used as diagnostic time and location in the sandy fluvoaquic soil,which the critical value of SPAD were 47. 06,44. 95 and 45. 08,respectively. The SPAD value of top 1 at turning green,top 1 and 2 leaves at booting stage can be used as diagnostic time and location inthe loamy fluvo-aquic soil with the critical value of 54. 80,52. 58 and 55. 01,respectively.
引文
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[4]赵黎明,解保胜,那永光,等.简述SPAD-502在水稻及其它作物上应用的研究进展[J].北方水稻,2015,45(1):72-76;80.
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[7]解文孝,韩勇,李建国,等.不同特性水稻品种灌浆期叶绿素含量及荧光特性的比较[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(22):11193-11195.
[8]郭建华,王秀,孟志军,等.主动遥感光谱仪Greenseeker与SPAD对玉米氮素营养诊断的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):43-47.
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[10]苏云松,郭华春,陈伊里.马铃薯叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量及产量的相关性研究[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(4):690-693.
[11]罗新宁,朱友娟,张宏勇,等.施氮量对棉花叶位SPAD值的影响及棉花氮素营养诊断[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):128-133.
[12]赵满兴,周建斌,翟丙年,等.旱地不同冬小麦品种氮素营养的叶绿素诊断[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(4):461-466.
[13]梁太波.土壤质地与供氮水平对小麦产量和品质的影响及其生理基础[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.
[14]马常宝,卢昌艾,任意,等.土壤地力和长期施肥对潮土区小麦和玉米产量演变趋势的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):796-802.
[15]河南省土壤普查办公室.河南土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:176-262.
[16]王兴科.河南省砂姜黑土与潮土系统分类研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2013.
[17]张慎举,张静,张桂玲,等.施用麦糠对砂质潮土物理性状及小麦产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(12):60-64.
[18]谭金芳.作物施肥原理与技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011:104-121.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:30-107.
[20]赵犇,姚霞,田永超,等.基于上部叶片SPAD值估算小麦氮营养指数[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):916-924.
[21]朱新开,盛海君,顾晶,等.应用SPAD值预测小麦叶片叶绿素和氮含量的初步研究[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(2):46-50.
[22]李刚华,薛利红,尤娟,等.水稻氮素和叶绿素SPAD叶位分布特点及氮素诊断的叶位选择[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(6):1127-1134.
[23]李映雪,谢晓金,徐德福.小麦叶片SPAD空间分布及氮素营养诊断[A].见:中国气象学会.粮食安全与现代农业气象业务发展—2008年全国农业气象学术年会论文集[C].北京:中国气象学会,2008,305-308.
[24]韩燕来,葛东杰,汪强,等.施氮量对豫北潮土区不同肥力麦田氮肥去向及小麦产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(5):151-154.
[25]张定一,党建友,王姣爱,等.施氮量对不同品质类型小麦产量、品质和旗叶光合作用的调节效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(4):535-542.
[26]王亚飞.SPAD值用于小麦氮肥追施诊断的研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2008.
[27]胡昊,白由路,杨俐苹,等.基于SPAD-502与Green Seeker的冬小麦氮营养诊断研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):748-752.
[28]王静,罗喜.应用SPAD-502进行小麦氮素营养诊断的初步研究[J].新疆农垦科技,2013,36(5):56-57.
[29]韩巧霞.不同质地土壤条件下冬小麦品质形成与积累动态研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2004.
[30]杨阳.不同土壤质地冬小麦品种氮代谢特征及利用效率研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.
[2]徐钰,刘兆辉,江丽华,等.不同氮肥运筹对冬小麦氮肥利用率和土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(4):90-93;98.
[3]寇长林,徐建生,王恒宇.砂质潮土冬小麦对氮肥的利用与氮素平衡[J].核农学报,2003,17(6):476-480.
[4]赵黎明,解保胜,那永光,等.简述SPAD-502在水稻及其它作物上应用的研究进展[J].北方水稻,2015,45(1):72-76;80.
[5]FREDRICK J R,JAMES J C.Leaf net-CO2exchange rate and associated leaf traits of winter wheat grown with various spring nitrogen fertilization rates[J].Crop Science,1994,34(2):412-439.
[6]李志宏,刘宏斌,张云贵.叶绿素仪在氮肥推荐中的应用研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(1):125-132.
[7]解文孝,韩勇,李建国,等.不同特性水稻品种灌浆期叶绿素含量及荧光特性的比较[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(22):11193-11195.
[8]郭建华,王秀,孟志军,等.主动遥感光谱仪Greenseeker与SPAD对玉米氮素营养诊断的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):43-47.
[9]王娟,韩登武,任岗,等.SPAD值与棉花叶绿素和含氮量关系的研究[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(3):167-170.
[10]苏云松,郭华春,陈伊里.马铃薯叶片SPAD值与叶绿素含量及产量的相关性研究[J].西南农业学报,2007,20(4):690-693.
[11]罗新宁,朱友娟,张宏勇,等.施氮量对棉花叶位SPAD值的影响及棉花氮素营养诊断[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(1):128-133.
[12]赵满兴,周建斌,翟丙年,等.旱地不同冬小麦品种氮素营养的叶绿素诊断[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(4):461-466.
[13]梁太波.土壤质地与供氮水平对小麦产量和品质的影响及其生理基础[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.
[14]马常宝,卢昌艾,任意,等.土壤地力和长期施肥对潮土区小麦和玉米产量演变趋势的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(4):796-802.
[15]河南省土壤普查办公室.河南土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004:176-262.
[16]王兴科.河南省砂姜黑土与潮土系统分类研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2013.
[17]张慎举,张静,张桂玲,等.施用麦糠对砂质潮土物理性状及小麦产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(12):60-64.
[18]谭金芳.作物施肥原理与技术[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011:104-121.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2007:30-107.
[20]赵犇,姚霞,田永超,等.基于上部叶片SPAD值估算小麦氮营养指数[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):916-924.
[21]朱新开,盛海君,顾晶,等.应用SPAD值预测小麦叶片叶绿素和氮含量的初步研究[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(2):46-50.
[22]李刚华,薛利红,尤娟,等.水稻氮素和叶绿素SPAD叶位分布特点及氮素诊断的叶位选择[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(6):1127-1134.
[23]李映雪,谢晓金,徐德福.小麦叶片SPAD空间分布及氮素营养诊断[A].见:中国气象学会.粮食安全与现代农业气象业务发展—2008年全国农业气象学术年会论文集[C].北京:中国气象学会,2008,305-308.
[24]韩燕来,葛东杰,汪强,等.施氮量对豫北潮土区不同肥力麦田氮肥去向及小麦产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(5):151-154.
[25]张定一,党建友,王姣爱,等.施氮量对不同品质类型小麦产量、品质和旗叶光合作用的调节效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(4):535-542.
[26]王亚飞.SPAD值用于小麦氮肥追施诊断的研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2008.
[27]胡昊,白由路,杨俐苹,等.基于SPAD-502与Green Seeker的冬小麦氮营养诊断研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(4):748-752.
[28]王静,罗喜.应用SPAD-502进行小麦氮素营养诊断的初步研究[J].新疆农垦科技,2013,36(5):56-57.
[29]韩巧霞.不同质地土壤条件下冬小麦品质形成与积累动态研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2004.
[30]杨阳.不同土壤质地冬小麦品种氮代谢特征及利用效率研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.