范德华力促进水合物生成过程分析
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摘要
硫酸铜、硫酸铝钾、高氯酸钴和氯化钡等典型化合物水合物的生成都需要特定条件。通过综合运用热重分析法(TGA)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)两种方法,精确测得它们生成不同种类水合物的临界条件。再从分子结构和化学键角度深入分析范德华力促进水合物生成的机理,从而得知硫酸铜水合物是阴阳离子共同参与水合配位的结果,硫酸铝钾水合物中一个阳离子参与虚拟配位形成晶格水,其它离子通过反应中间体完成水合反应,高氯酸钴水合物中只有阳离子参与水合配位生成水合离子,氯化钡水合物中阳离子参与虚拟配位并形成晶格水。
Specific conditions are required for the hydrate formation of typical compounds such as copper sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, cobalt perchlorate and barium chloride, etc. By using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),the critical conditions of different kinds of hydrate formation are obtained.On the basis of molecular structure and chemical bond,it is analyzed that hydrate formation process is promoted by Van der Waals force.For copper sulfate hydrate,it is the result of participating in hydration coordination of both anions and cations.For aluminum potassium sulfate hydrate,a cation is involved in virtual ligand to form lattice water while other ions take part in hydration through intermediates.For cobalt perchlorate hydrate,only cation participates in hydration coordination for generating hydrated ions.For barium chloride hydrate,cation participates in virtual ligand for formation of lattice water.
Specific conditions are required for the hydrate formation of typical compounds such as copper sulfate, potassium aluminum sulfate, cobalt perchlorate and barium chloride, etc. By using thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),the critical conditions of different kinds of hydrate formation are obtained.On the basis of molecular structure and chemical bond,it is analyzed that hydrate formation process is promoted by Van der Waals force.For copper sulfate hydrate,it is the result of participating in hydration coordination of both anions and cations.For aluminum potassium sulfate hydrate,a cation is involved in virtual ligand to form lattice water while other ions take part in hydration through intermediates.For cobalt perchlorate hydrate,only cation participates in hydration coordination for generating hydrated ions.For barium chloride hydrate,cation participates in virtual ligand for formation of lattice water.
引文
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[3]Ron W.New State of Water Molecule Discovered[J].Phys Rev Lett,2016,(4):36-38.
[4]Tang Z G.Preliminary Exploration of Intermolecular Forces[J].Sci Learn,2014,(10):40-41(in Chinese).(唐志刚.分子间作用力的初步探究[J].数理化学习,2014,(10):40-41.)
[5]Cao X X,Hu L Y,Fan B B.The Study of Thermodynamics on the Dehydration Mechanism of CuSO4·5H2O and the Heat Decomposition of CuSO4[J].Fine Spec Chem,2011,(6):30-32(in Chinese).(曹新鑫,胡蕾阳,樊斌斌.五水硫酸铜脱水机理及硫酸铜高温分解的热力学研究[J].精细与专用化学品,2011,(6):30-32.)
[6]Huang H M.Organic Synthesis and Reaction Catalyzed by Sulfate Hydrate[J].Univ Chem,1993,(6):35-37(in Chinese).(黄化民.硫酸盐水合物催化下的有机合成及反应[J].大学化学,1993,(6):35-37.)
[7]Wei E,Wu W B,Ling Z F.Lattice Water and Hydrate Complexes and Hydroxyl Complexes[J].Infrared Technol,1984,(2):36-38(in Chinese).(韦尔,邬文斌,凌准丰.晶格水和含水络合物以及羟基络合物[J].红外技术,1984,(2):36-38.)
[8]Mu L L,Feng C J.Topological Research on Lattice Energies for Inorganic Compounds[D].Xuzhou:Xuzhou Normal University,2006(in Chinese).(穆来龙,冯长军.无机化合物晶格能的拓扑研究[D].徐州:徐州师范大学,2006.)
[9]Bie Q,Zheng Y P,Jiang H Y.The Latest Trend of Natural Gas Hydrate′s Research[J].Oil Gas Storage Transp,2007,(3):1-4(in Chinese).(别沁,郑云萍,蒋宏业.天然气水合物研究的最新进展[J].油气储运,2007,(3):1-4.)