粗甘油生物基聚氨酯泡沫的改性研究
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摘要
为了制备增强型粗甘油基聚氨酯泡沫(CGPU),将粉煤灰、硅藻土2种填料引入聚氨酯泡沫对其进行改性,得到了粗甘油基聚氨酯复合材料。通过试验表征,考察了2种填料填充量对聚氨酯复合材料发泡参数、微观结构以及聚氨酯材料性能的影响。结果表明:粉煤灰、硅藻土的加入均能够改善聚氨酯泡沫的压缩强度和热稳定性。当粉煤灰和硅藻土的填充量分别为3%和5%时,压缩强度分别增大为317和297 kPa。与粉煤灰相比,硅藻土的填充提高了泡沫的热稳定性。粉煤灰和硅藻土2种填料可用于制备具有高压缩强度和良好热稳定性的聚氨酯复合材料。
In order to prepare reinforced crude glycerol-based polyurethane foams(CGPU), fly ash and diatomaceous earth fillers were introduced into the foam formulation for structural modification to obtain crude glycerol-based polyurethane composite materials. Effects of filler amounts on foaming parameters,microstructure and properties of the polyurethane composites were investigated. The results show that the addition of fly ash and diatomaceous earth can improve compressive strength and thermal stability of the polyurethane foam. When the filling amounts of fly ash and diatomaceous earth were 3% and 5%, respectively,the compressive strength of the prepared foam can increase to 317 and 297 kPa, respectively. Compared with fly ash, the filling of diatomaceous earth can improve thermal stability of the foam. Fly ash and diatomaceous earth can be used as fillers to prepare polyurethane composites with high compressive strength and good thermal stability.
In order to prepare reinforced crude glycerol-based polyurethane foams(CGPU), fly ash and diatomaceous earth fillers were introduced into the foam formulation for structural modification to obtain crude glycerol-based polyurethane composite materials. Effects of filler amounts on foaming parameters,microstructure and properties of the polyurethane composites were investigated. The results show that the addition of fly ash and diatomaceous earth can improve compressive strength and thermal stability of the polyurethane foam. When the filling amounts of fly ash and diatomaceous earth were 3% and 5%, respectively,the compressive strength of the prepared foam can increase to 317 and 297 kPa, respectively. Compared with fly ash, the filling of diatomaceous earth can improve thermal stability of the foam. Fly ash and diatomaceous earth can be used as fillers to prepare polyurethane composites with high compressive strength and good thermal stability.
引文
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[2]LUO X,HU S,ZHANG X,et al.Thermochemical conversion of crude glycerol to biopolyols for the production of polyurethane foams[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,139:323-329.
[3]JAYAVANI S,SUNANDA S,VARGHESE T O,et al.Synthesis and characterizations of sustainable polyester polyols from non-edible vegetable oils:Thermal and structural evaluation[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,162:795-805.
[4]JOHNSON D T,TACONI K A.The glycerin glut:options for the value-added conversion of crude glycerol resulting from biodiesel production[J].Environmental Progress,2007,26(4):338-348.
[5]DOBROTH Z T,HU S,COATS E R,et al.Polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis on biodiesel wastewater using mixed microbial consortia[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102:3352-3359.
[6]LUO X,GE X,CUI S,et al.Value-added processing of crude glycerol into chemicals and polymers[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,215:144-154.
[7]LI C,LUO X,LI T,et al.Polyurethane foams based on crude glycerol-derived biopolyols:One-pot preparation of biopolyols with branched fatty acid ester chains and its effects on foam formation and properties[J].Polymer,2014,55(25):6529-6538.
[8]HU S,LI Y.Polyols and polyurethane foams from acid-catalyzed biomass liquefaction by crude glycerol:Effects of crude glycerol impurities[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2014,131(18):188-194.
[9]HU S,LI Y.Polyols and polyurethane foams from base-catalyzed liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass by crude glycerol:effects of crude glycerol impurities[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2014,57:188-194.
[10]HU S,WAN C,LI Y.Production and characterization of biopolyols and polyurethane foams from crude glycerol based liquefaction of soybean straw[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,103:227-233.
[11]戚小各,何玉远,常春,等.基于生物柴油副产物粗甘油的聚氨酯硬泡的制备[J].聚氨酯工业,2018,33(1):27-30.QI X G,HE Y Y,CHANG C,et al.Preparation of polyurethane rigid foam based on biodiesel by-product crude glycerin[J].Polyurethane Industry,2018,33(1):27-30.
[12]PROCIAK A,KURA?SKA M,CABULIS U,et al.Rapeseed oil as main component in synthesis of bio-polyurethanepolyisocyanurate porous materials modified with carbon fibers[J].Polymer Testing,2017,59:478-486.
[13]ZHANG B,LIU H,HAN J.Aluminum phosphate microcapsule flame retardants for flexible polyurethane foams[J].Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,2018,115:199-207.
[14]ECEIZA I,BARRIO A,MARTíN L,et al.Thermal and fire behavior of isophorone diisocyanate based polyurethane foams containing conventional flame retardants[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2018,135(10):45944.
[15]NAZERAN N,MOGHADDAS J.Synthesis and characterization of silica aerogel reinforced rigid polyurethane foam for thermal insulation application[J].Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2017,461:1-11.
[16]GU J,WU G,ZHANG Q.Effect of porosity on the damping properties of modified epoxy composites filled with fly ash[J].Scripta Materialia,2007,57(6):529-532.