活性剂对水下航行体减阻特性的影响
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摘要
为减小水下航行体的阻力,研究通活性剂溶液的水下航行体湍流减阻的流动特性.通过从航行体头部向航行体边界通活性剂溶液的方法,分别对不同质量浓度和不同速度情况进行减阻实验研究,并分析了不同攻角下活性剂溶液对阻力和升力的影响.实验中活性剂溶液质量浓度分别为200、400、600、800和1 000 mg/L,流速为4~10 m/s,对比分析了阻力系数.实验结果表明:在活性剂溶液质量浓度为200 mg/L时航行体减阻效果较弱,当活性剂溶液质量浓度增加到1 000 mg/L时,减阻百分比高达40.8%;在活性剂质量浓度为1 000 mg/L时,当水流速度从4 m/s逐渐增大到10 m/s,减阻百分比在12.5%和40.8%之间变化;活性剂对有攻角的航行体仍然有减阻效果并且对升力产生较小影响.
To reduce the drag of underwater vehicle,experiment is carried out to study the turbulent drag-reducing of underwater vehicle injected with surfactant in a water tunnel. For the experimental work presented here,surfactant is injected from the head of the vehicle. The drag reduction( DR) of surfactant as a function of fluid velocity and surfactant concentration are investigated. The influences of the surfactant on the lift-force and dragforce with different attack angle are analyzed. Surfactant solutions at different concentrations,namely 200,400,600,800 and 1000 mg/L,are used to examine the influence of surfactant on drag coefficient. The flow velocities are set between 4 and 10 m/s. The present results show the DR effect is weak when the surfactant concentration is200 mg/L. With the increase of the surfactant concentration to 1 000 mg/L,the drag coefficient is reduced by about40.8%. The DR ratio ranges between 12.5% and 40.8% at all flow velocities up to 10 m/s from 4 m/s when the surfactant concentration is 1 000 mg/L. With the increase of surfactant concentration,the drag coefficient of the vehicle with angle of attack is also reduced and there is slight effect on the lift-force coefficient.
To reduce the drag of underwater vehicle,experiment is carried out to study the turbulent drag-reducing of underwater vehicle injected with surfactant in a water tunnel. For the experimental work presented here,surfactant is injected from the head of the vehicle. The drag reduction( DR) of surfactant as a function of fluid velocity and surfactant concentration are investigated. The influences of the surfactant on the lift-force and dragforce with different attack angle are analyzed. Surfactant solutions at different concentrations,namely 200,400,600,800 and 1000 mg/L,are used to examine the influence of surfactant on drag coefficient. The flow velocities are set between 4 and 10 m/s. The present results show the DR effect is weak when the surfactant concentration is200 mg/L. With the increase of the surfactant concentration to 1 000 mg/L,the drag coefficient is reduced by about40.8%. The DR ratio ranges between 12.5% and 40.8% at all flow velocities up to 10 m/s from 4 m/s when the surfactant concentration is 1 000 mg/L. With the increase of surfactant concentration,the drag coefficient of the vehicle with angle of attack is also reduced and there is slight effect on the lift-force coefficient.
引文
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[2]TOMS B A.Some observations on the flow of linear polymer solutions through straight tubes at large Reynolds numbers[C]//Proceedings of the First International Congress on Rheology.Amsterdam:NorthHolland,1948(2):135-141.
[3]CHOI U S,KASZA K E.Long-term degradation of dilute polyacrylamide solutions in turbulent pipe flow[C]//Fourth International Conference on Drag Reduction.Davos,Switzerland:Argonne National Lab.,IL(USA),1989,163-169.
[4]AGUILAR-MENDOZA G.An experimental study of drag and heat transfer reductionsin turbulent pipe flows for polymer and surfactant solutions[D].Santa Barbara:University of California Santa Barbara,1999.
[5]LI Fengchen,KAWAGUCHI Y,YU Bo,et al.Experimental study of drag-reduction mechanism for a dilute surfactant solution flow[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2008,51(3/4):835-843.DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.04.048.
[6]HAND N P,SPEDDING P L,RALPH S J.The effect of surface tension on flow pattern,holdup and pressure drop during horizontal air—water pipe flow at atmospheric conditions[J].The Chemical Engineering Journal,1992,48(3):197-210.DOI:10.1016/0300-9467(92)80036-A.
[7]YU Bo,LI Fengchen,KAWAGUCHI Y.Numerical and experimental investigation of turbulent characteristics in a dragreducing flow with surfactant additives[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,2004,25(6):961-974.DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2004.02.029.
[8]NAKA Y,NUKA S,SHIMURA M.Dual-plane stereoscopic PIV measurements of turbulence statistics in drag-reducing pipe flows with surfactant additive[C]//Proceedings of the 65th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics.San Diego,California:APS,2012,57.
[9]LIU Lei,LI Xiaobai,TONG Li,et al.Effect of surfactant additive on vertical two-phase flow[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2014,115:1-10.DOI:10.1016/j.petrol.2014.02.004.
[10]ZHOU T,LEONG K,YEO K.Experimental study of heat transfer enhancement in a drag-reducing two-dimensional channel flow[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2006,49(7/8):1462-1471.DOI:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.09.023.
[11]KAWAGUCHI Y,SEGAWA T,FENG Ziping,et al.Experimental study on drag-reducing channel flow with surfactant additives-spatial structure of turbulence investigated by PIV system[J].International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow,2002,23(5):700-709.DOI:10.1016/S0142-727X(02)00166-2.
[12]CHO S H,TAE C S,ZAHEERUDDIN M.Effect of fluid velocity,temperature,and concentration of non-ionic surfactants on drag reduction[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2007,48(3):913-918.DOI:10.1016/j.enconman.2006.08.021.
[13]LINDNER P,BEWERSDORFF H,HEEN R,et al.Drag-reducing surfactant solutions in laminar and turbulent flow investigated by small-angle neutron scattering and light scattering[C]//Proceedings of the Trends in Colloid and Interface Science IV.Berlin:Springer,1990:107-112.DOI:10.1007/BFb0115534.
[14]LI Peiwen,KAWAGUCHI Y,YABE A.Feasibility study of new heat transportation system with drag-reducing surfactant additives[C]//Proceedings of Symposium on Energy Engineering in the 21st Century(SEE2000).Hong Kong:Begell House,2000:716-722.
[15]OHLENDORF D,INTERTHAL W,HOFFMANN H.Surfactant systems for drag reduction:physico-chemical properties and rheological behaviour[J].Rheologica Acta,1986,25(5):468-486.DOI:10.1007/BF01774397.