漳州出口水仙花的熏蒸处理技术研究
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摘要
目的针对漳州出口的水仙花中可能携带危险性有害生物,采用溴甲烷熏蒸处理技术,使其能有效的杀灭水仙花中的害虫。方法以漳州用于出口的水仙花为研究对象,考察溴甲烷在不同熏蒸压力、浓度、熏蒸时间等条件下对水仙花检疫处理效果。结果在真空度为10、20kPa、熏蒸温度大于20℃,2种熏蒸剂量(32g·m-3和24g·m-3)的条件下熏蒸1h后,对不带土水仙花种球和雕刻好的商品球的杀虫效果均可达100%。当真空条件在5kPa时,仅熏蒸1h时,不能杀灭所有昆虫,将熏蒸时间延长至2h后,虽然杀灭不带土水仙花种球和雕刻好的商品球所携带昆虫的效果提高了,但是不能全部杀灭昆虫。结论在真空条件为10kPa、20kPa时,施用剂量为32g·m-3和24g·m-3的溴甲烷熏蒸1h均可全部杀死清洗后不带土种球和雕刻好的商品球里的昆虫。在真空条件为10kPa时采用较低的剂量24g·m-3溴甲烷熏蒸,熏蒸1h即可达到最佳理想效果。在真空熏蒸结束后对水仙花进行1个月时间观察,水仙花均未有表现出不良影响。
Objective As the exported daffodils in Zhangzhou city might carry dangerous pests,the methyl bromide fumigation treatment technology was investigated to effectively kill Narcissus pests.Methods The effects of methyl bromide on the quarantine treatment of Narcissus were investigated under the conditions of different fumigation pressure,concentration and fumigation time.Results When the degree of vacuum was 10,20 kPa and the fumigation temperature was higher than 20 ℃,fumigation was carried out under two conditions(32 g·m-3 and 24 g·m-3).After fumigation for 1 h,the ball's insecticidal effect could reach 100%.And when the vacuum conditions in the 5 kPa,only 1 hfumigation,the insects could not be totally killed.When the fumigation time extended to 2 h,although the effect of killing insects carrying daffodils and carved goods was improved,the insects still could not be totally killed.Conclusion All the insects could be killed after the clean balls without soil or carved goods in the vacuum conditions of 10,20 kPa,the application of the dose of 32 g·m-3 and 24 g·m-3 of methyl bromide and fumigation 1 h.The results reached its best ideal in the vacuum conditions of 10 kPa,with a lower dose of24 g·m-3 methyl bromide fumigation and fumigation 1 h.Daffodils were observed for one month after the end of vacuum fumigation,and showed no adverse effects.
Objective As the exported daffodils in Zhangzhou city might carry dangerous pests,the methyl bromide fumigation treatment technology was investigated to effectively kill Narcissus pests.Methods The effects of methyl bromide on the quarantine treatment of Narcissus were investigated under the conditions of different fumigation pressure,concentration and fumigation time.Results When the degree of vacuum was 10,20 kPa and the fumigation temperature was higher than 20 ℃,fumigation was carried out under two conditions(32 g·m-3 and 24 g·m-3).After fumigation for 1 h,the ball's insecticidal effect could reach 100%.And when the vacuum conditions in the 5 kPa,only 1 hfumigation,the insects could not be totally killed.When the fumigation time extended to 2 h,although the effect of killing insects carrying daffodils and carved goods was improved,the insects still could not be totally killed.Conclusion All the insects could be killed after the clean balls without soil or carved goods in the vacuum conditions of 10,20 kPa,the application of the dose of 32 g·m-3 and 24 g·m-3 of methyl bromide and fumigation 1 h.The results reached its best ideal in the vacuum conditions of 10 kPa,with a lower dose of24 g·m-3 methyl bromide fumigation and fumigation 1 h.Daffodils were observed for one month after the end of vacuum fumigation,and showed no adverse effects.
引文
[1]郑涛.不同处理对漳州水仙花的矮化效应及其机理研究[D].福建:福建农林大学,2008.
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[6]黄春兰,陈志伟.基于SWOT分析的漳州水仙花产业发展研究[J].福建质量管理,2015,22(01):38-40.
[7]林瑜,刘顺国.浅谈漳州水仙花出口检疫[J].植物检疫,2002,5(16):311-312.
[8]李建光,汪万春,吕玉峰,等.常见进口花卉在真空熏蒸条件下对溴甲烷的药害反应[J].植物检疫,2008,22(05):279-282.
[2]叶季波.漳州水仙花出口的思考[J].花木盆景·花卉园艺,2010,27(11):53-54.
[3]陈燕贤,刘顺兴.漳州水仙花雕刻艺术品首次在欧洲展示[J].中国花卉园艺,2016,17(04):48-49.
[4]戴清霞,李学超,沈子强.漳州水仙花对铝胁迫的生长响应初探[J].福建热作科技,2016,34(05):129-132.
[5]苏瑞杰.漳州水仙花发展存在的问题及对策研究[J].农业与技术,2015,35(13):187-188.
[6]黄春兰,陈志伟.基于SWOT分析的漳州水仙花产业发展研究[J].福建质量管理,2015,22(01):38-40.
[7]林瑜,刘顺国.浅谈漳州水仙花出口检疫[J].植物检疫,2002,5(16):311-312.
[8]李建光,汪万春,吕玉峰,等.常见进口花卉在真空熏蒸条件下对溴甲烷的药害反应[J].植物检疫,2008,22(05):279-282.