基督教传教士眼中的蒙古——以《柏朗嘉宾蒙古行纪鲁布鲁克东行纪》为例
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摘要
最早游历蒙古地区的西方人也是最具典型西方精神身份的基督教传教士,而柏朗嘉宾和鲁布鲁克又是这些传教士中最早到过蒙古地区并留下记录,他们所记录下来的自己眼中的蒙古帝国对于当时对蒙古地区一无所知却充满幻想的西方世界来说也是最具有影响力的。因此,他们的行纪有着重要的历史棱镜效应,即行纪不仅作为珍贵的历史资料记述了具体的个人视角的经历,更体现了无处不在的宗教信仰方面的基督教传教士、肩负联盟任务的外交使者、深入敌人内部的军事间谍等多重身份,传递出当时西方整体的社会集体无意识和西方政治及文化意识形态的话语体系,行纪中也体现出西方中心主义的意识形态场域与当时的蒙古帝国代表的东方主义的意识形态场域的二元对立。
The earliest western travelers who had been to Mongolian empire are Christian missionaries who represents the most typical identity of western spirit,among them,Kean de Plan Carpin and Guillaume de Rubrouch are the first missionaries who left precious records about Mongolian empire. Their travel notes had the most powerful influence in the eyes of the Western people who didn't know anything about Mongolian empire,but had variety fantasy in the western world at that time. The travel notes they left like a prism in human history,not only as a personal perspective of precious historical materials about the travel experiences,but also included three identities which are the Christian missionaries of religion,the ambassador of diplomacy and the spies of military. These identities passed out the collective unconscious of the whole western society and ideological field of western politics and cultural,it also reflects the binary opposition between ideology of the western world and the eastern world which represented by the Mongol empire in that period of history.
The earliest western travelers who had been to Mongolian empire are Christian missionaries who represents the most typical identity of western spirit,among them,Kean de Plan Carpin and Guillaume de Rubrouch are the first missionaries who left precious records about Mongolian empire. Their travel notes had the most powerful influence in the eyes of the Western people who didn't know anything about Mongolian empire,but had variety fantasy in the western world at that time. The travel notes they left like a prism in human history,not only as a personal perspective of precious historical materials about the travel experiences,but also included three identities which are the Christian missionaries of religion,the ambassador of diplomacy and the spies of military. These identities passed out the collective unconscious of the whole western society and ideological field of western politics and cultural,it also reflects the binary opposition between ideology of the western world and the eastern world which represented by the Mongol empire in that period of history.
引文
[1]周宁.跨文化形象学的观念与方法——以西方的中国形象研究为例[J].东南学术,2011,(5).
[2]孟华.比较文学形象学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[3]柏朗嘉宾蒙古行纪鲁布鲁克东行纪[M].耿昇,何高济,译.北京:中华书局,2002.
[4]王立新.外国文学史(西方卷)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013:41.
[2]孟华.比较文学形象学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[3]柏朗嘉宾蒙古行纪鲁布鲁克东行纪[M].耿昇,何高济,译.北京:中华书局,2002.
[4]王立新.外国文学史(西方卷)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2013:41.