干旱胁迫对3种灌木生长及叶水分生理的影响
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摘要
以天目琼花、麻叶绣线菊和小紫珠幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽控水法设置4个水分梯度,分别为田间最大持水量的95%(对照)、75%(轻度干旱)、55%(中度干旱)和35%(重度干旱),研究干旱对3种灌木生长及叶水分生理的影响。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的加剧,天目琼花、麻叶绣线菊和小紫珠的株高、单株叶面积显著下降,在重度干旱胁迫下分别降低了27.59%、32.75%、38.37%,22.26%、24.50%、27.84%;总鲜重和总干重分别减少了47.70%、54.44%、65.83%,58.47%、65.81%、63.61%。3种灌木根冠比在轻度干旱胁迫下上升,分别增加了17.57%、7.27%、11.54%;在重度干旱胁迫下下降,分别减少了48.65%、3.64%、7.69%。随着胁迫程度加剧,3种灌木叶片相对含水量和失水率逐渐下降,在重度干旱胁迫下分别减少了6.83%、33.39%、37.32%,7.58%、8.60%、25.13%;水分饱和亏则显著上升,分别增加了31.97%、73.55%、538.58%。总的来说,天目琼花抗旱性最强,麻叶绣线菊次之,小紫珠最不耐旱。
Viburnum opulus var.calvescens,Spiraea cantoniensis and Callicarpa dichotoma were used as test materials.Pot were set with four water moisture gradients:95% of water holding capacity of the largest field(control),75%(mild drought),55%(moderate drought)and 35%(severe drought),respectively,to study drought effects on the growth of three shrubs and their leaf water physiology.Results showed that:because of the drought stress,the plant height and leaf area of Viburnum opulus var.calvescens,Spiraea cantoniensis,Callicarpa dichotoma decreased significantly,and they reduced by 27.59%,32.75%and 38.37%,respectively;and 22.26%,24.50%and 27.84%,respectively,under severe drought stress.The total fresh weight of these shrubs decreased by 47.70%,54.44% and65.83%,respectively;and total dry weight of these shrubs decreased by 58.47%,65.81%and 63.61%,respectively.The root crown of the three shrubs increased significantly under mild drought stress,which increased by 17.57%,7.27%and 11.54%,but decreased by 48.65%,3.64%and 7.69% under severe drought stress.With the intensification of stress,the relative water content of the three shrub leaves gradually decreased,which decreased by 6.83%,33.39%and 37.32%,respectively;and water loss rate of the three shrub leaves gradually decreased 7.58%,8.60%and 25.13%,respectively,under severe drought stress.The water saturation deficit of three shrubs under drought stress increased significantly,which increased by 31.97%,73.55% and 538.58%,respectively.In general,Viburnum opulus var.calvescens is the most resistant to drought,the Spiraea cantoniensis was the second,and Callicarpa dichotoma had the least resistant drought.
Viburnum opulus var.calvescens,Spiraea cantoniensis and Callicarpa dichotoma were used as test materials.Pot were set with four water moisture gradients:95% of water holding capacity of the largest field(control),75%(mild drought),55%(moderate drought)and 35%(severe drought),respectively,to study drought effects on the growth of three shrubs and their leaf water physiology.Results showed that:because of the drought stress,the plant height and leaf area of Viburnum opulus var.calvescens,Spiraea cantoniensis,Callicarpa dichotoma decreased significantly,and they reduced by 27.59%,32.75%and 38.37%,respectively;and 22.26%,24.50%and 27.84%,respectively,under severe drought stress.The total fresh weight of these shrubs decreased by 47.70%,54.44% and65.83%,respectively;and total dry weight of these shrubs decreased by 58.47%,65.81%and 63.61%,respectively.The root crown of the three shrubs increased significantly under mild drought stress,which increased by 17.57%,7.27%and 11.54%,but decreased by 48.65%,3.64%and 7.69% under severe drought stress.With the intensification of stress,the relative water content of the three shrub leaves gradually decreased,which decreased by 6.83%,33.39%and 37.32%,respectively;and water loss rate of the three shrub leaves gradually decreased 7.58%,8.60%and 25.13%,respectively,under severe drought stress.The water saturation deficit of three shrubs under drought stress increased significantly,which increased by 31.97%,73.55% and 538.58%,respectively.In general,Viburnum opulus var.calvescens is the most resistant to drought,the Spiraea cantoniensis was the second,and Callicarpa dichotoma had the least resistant drought.
引文
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[2]张建国,李吉跃,沈国舫.树木耐早特性及其机理研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.
[3]李春燕,王进鑫,薛设.干旱及复水对侧柏幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(2):33-37.
[4]杨捷,朱玉菲,何笑蕾,等.低温胁迫对天目琼花和花叶锦带抗寒生理的影响[J].河北农业大学学报2015,39(2):60-65.
[5]刘正兰,刘军,冯秋平.麻叶绣线菊的组织培养与快速繁殖[J].植物生理学通讯,2008,44(3):527-528.
[6]谷衍川,丰震,李承水,等.小紫珠种群的表型遗传多样性研究[J].山东林业科技,2013(2):5-9.
[7]胡永强,袁彩霞,李敏,等.天目琼花繁育试验研究[J].农业科学研究,2008,29(4):16-18.
[8]房丽琴.大叶紫珠和小紫珠的扦插繁殖技术[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(24):13175-13176.
[9]罗桑卓玛,辛福梅,杨小林,等.干旱胁迫对香柏幼苗生长和生理指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(5):51-70.
[10]罗永开,方精云,胡会峰.山西芦芽山14种常见灌木生物量模型及生物量分配[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(1):115-125.
[11]钱塘磺,雷江丽,庄雪影.华南地区8种常见园林地被植物抗旱性比较研究[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(4):0759-0766.
[12]罗永忠,李广,闫丽娟.水分胁迫下新疆大叶苜蓿水分代谢指标变化及相互关系研究[J].草地学报,2017,24(5):981-987.
[13]杜明凤,丁贵杰,赵熙州.不同家系马尾松对持续干旱的响应及抗旱性[J].林业科学,2017,53(6):22-28.
[14]李文娆,张岁岐,丁圣彦,等.旱胁迫下紫花首希根系形态变化及与水分利用的关系[J].生态学报,2010,30(19):5140-5150.
[15]MAGNANI F,MENCUCCINI M,GRACE J.Age-related decline in Stand productivity:The role of Structural[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2000,23(3):251-263.
[16]孙启忠.四种冰草幼苗抗旱性的研究[J].中国草地学报,1991(3):32-35.