煤层下部太原组岩溶水化学组分特征及其成因分析
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摘要
我国东部隐伏深埋条件下煤矿开采严重受下部岩溶水害威胁,分析其化学组分特征、查明其控制因素,是防治底板岩溶水害的重要前提。文章以安徽淮南顾北矿井A组煤层下部太原组灰岩岩溶水为研究对象,采用多元统计、水化学(piper三线图、离子比例系数)分析及以地下水系统理论相结合的方法,对巨厚松散层覆盖下的岩溶含水系统的水文地球化学组分特征及其控制因素进行探讨。结果表明:顾北矿井太原组岩溶水阳离子以Na~++K~+占主导,阴离子主要以Cl~-、HCO_3~-占主导,主要发生阳离子交替吸附作用、脱硫酸作用,且表现出"咸化"与"硬化"特征。地质构造、埋藏深度、不同水环境(氧化-还原)、温度变化以及径流路径上的水-岩反应不同程度地控制着岩溶水的形成作用和水化学分布类型。
Under the deep-buried condition,coal mining always is seriously threatened by karst groundwater inrush disasters from carbonate aquifers beneath a coal seam in eastern China.Analyzing hydrogeochemical components characteristics and exploring the control factors are an important prerequisite for preventing karst groundwater hazards.In this paper the karst groundwater in the Taiyuan Group in the lower part of the coal seam floor of Group A of the Huainan Gubei mine is taken as the research object.The multivariate statistical method,hydrochemical method(piper diagram,ions ration coefficient) were combined with groundwater system theory,the hydrogeochemical component characteristics and the control factors of the karst groundwater-bearing system covered by massive unconsolidated sediments are discussed.The results show that the cations are dominated by Na~++ K~+,and the anions by Cl~- and HCO_3~- in the karst groundwater mining in the limestone of the Taiyuan Group in the Gubei coal mine.Cation exchange,adsorption and desulphidation mainly occur,and the groundwater is characterized by " salinity " and " hardening ".The formation of hydrochemical compositions and hydrochemical types are affected by the geological structure,buried depth,different hydrochemicl environment(oxidation-reduction),temperature change and water-rock reactions along the groundwater flow paths in the Gubei mine.
Under the deep-buried condition,coal mining always is seriously threatened by karst groundwater inrush disasters from carbonate aquifers beneath a coal seam in eastern China.Analyzing hydrogeochemical components characteristics and exploring the control factors are an important prerequisite for preventing karst groundwater hazards.In this paper the karst groundwater in the Taiyuan Group in the lower part of the coal seam floor of Group A of the Huainan Gubei mine is taken as the research object.The multivariate statistical method,hydrochemical method(piper diagram,ions ration coefficient) were combined with groundwater system theory,the hydrogeochemical component characteristics and the control factors of the karst groundwater-bearing system covered by massive unconsolidated sediments are discussed.The results show that the cations are dominated by Na~++ K~+,and the anions by Cl~- and HCO_3~- in the karst groundwater mining in the limestone of the Taiyuan Group in the Gubei coal mine.Cation exchange,adsorption and desulphidation mainly occur,and the groundwater is characterized by " salinity " and " hardening ".The formation of hydrochemical compositions and hydrochemical types are affected by the geological structure,buried depth,different hydrochemicl environment(oxidation-reduction),temperature change and water-rock reactions along the groundwater flow paths in the Gubei mine.
引文
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[15]陈陆望,许冬清,殷晓曦,等.华北隐伏型煤矿区地下水化学及其控制因素分析---以宿县矿区主要突水含水层为例[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(4):996-1004.[CHEN L W,XU D Q,YIN X X,et al.Analysis on hydrochemistry and its control factors in the concealed coal mining area in North China:A case study of dominant inrush aquifers in Suxian mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(4):996-1004.(in Chinese)]
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[2]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学及工程灾害控制研究[J].煤矿支护,2007(3):1-14.[HE M C,XIE H P,PENG S P,et al.Research on rock mechanics and engineering disaster control in deep mining[J].Coal Mine Support,2007(3):1-14.(in Chinese)]
[3]卜昌森,张希诚,尹万才,等.“华北型”煤田岩溶水害及防治现状[J].地质论评,2001,47(4):405-410.[BU C S,ZHANG X C,YIN W C,et al.Inundation in the North-China Type coalfields and the Status Quo of its protection[J].Geological Review,2001,47(4):405-410.(in Chinese)]
[4]叶慧君,张瑞雪,吴攀,等.基于主成分分析的岩溶水水化学组成及影响因素研究---以贵州水城盆地为例[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(2):215-225.[YE H J,ZHANG R X,WU P,et al.Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater and surface water and their influencing factors based on principal component analysis:An example in the shuicheng basin of Guizhou[J].Carsologica Sinica,2017,36(2):215-225.(in Chinese)]
[5]郭惟嘉,张士川,孙文斌,等.深部开采底板突水灾变模式及试验应用[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):219-227.[GUO W J,ZHANG S C,SUN WB,et al.Experimental and analysis research on water inrush catastrophe mode from coal seam floor in deep mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):219-227.(in Chinese)]
[6]白海波,缪协兴.深部高温高压奥陶系岩溶水突水机理研究[C]//中国岩石力学与工程实例学术会议,2007.[BAI H B,MIAO X X,et al.The Inrush Mechanism of ordoviciam karst water with High Temperature and High pressure in Deep Coal Mine Floor[C]//Chinese Society for Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007.(in Chinese)]
[7]闫玉梅,秦鹏,吴振岭,等.峰峰矿区煤炭开采对岩溶地下水环境的影响研究[J].中国矿业,2010(增刊1):120-125.[YAN Y M,QING P,WU ZL,et al.Influence on the karst groundwater environment by coal mining in the Fengfeng coalmine area[J].China Mining Magazine,2010(Sup1):120-125.(in Chinese)]
[8]张丹丹.淮南矿区水化学特征及水源判别模型研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2017.[ZHANG D D.Study oil water chemistry characteristics and water source discrimination model in Huainan mining area[D].Huainan:Anhui university of Science and technology,2017.(in Chinese)]
[9]李涛,李文平,高颖,等.杨庄矿6煤底板深部岩溶裂隙水体特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(1):98-103.[LI T,LI W P,GAO Y,et al.Characteristics of karst-fissure water bodies deeply seated in the floor of no.6 coal seam in Yangzhuang coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2010,27(1):98-103.(in Chinese)]
[10]马雷,钱家忠,赵卫东,等.顾北煤矿地下水化学特征的多元统计分析[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2013(12):1495-1498.[MA L,QIANJ Z,ZHAO W D,et al.Multivariate statistical analysis of chemical characteristics of groundwater in Gubei Coal Mine[J].]Journal of Hefei University of Technology,2013(12):1495-1498.(in Chinese)]
[11]储婷婷,葛涛,刘桂建,等.淮南矿区谢桥矿A组煤底板灰岩组分结构及水化学特征分析[J].中国煤炭地质,2014(3):27-31.[CHU T T,GE T,LIUG J,et al.Coal Group A Floor Limestone Component Structure and Hydrochemical Characteristics in Xieqiao Coalmine,Huainan Mining Area[J].Coal Geology of China,2014(3):27-31.(in Chinese)]
[12]张磊,许光泉,刘泽功,等.A组煤层底板灰岩水水质特征及其形成机理[J].煤炭工程,2010,1(4):60-63.[ZHANG L,XU G Q,LIU Z G,et al.Water quality characteristics and formation mechanism of limestone water in coal seam of group A[J].Coal Engineering,2010,1(4):60-63.(in Chinese)]
[13]张磊.深部岩溶水文地质特征及疏放性评价---以谢一煤矿为例[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2010.[ZHANG L.Hydrogeological characteristics and evaluation of dredging in deep karst:A case study of Xieyi coal mine[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and Technology,2010.(in Chinese)]
[14]万利勤,徐慧珍,殷秀兰,等.济南岩溶地下水化学成分的形成[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(3):61-64.[WAN L Q,XU H Z,YIN X L,et al.Formation of hydrochemistry components of karst groundwater in Jinan[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(3):61-64.(in Chinese)]
[15]陈陆望,许冬清,殷晓曦,等.华北隐伏型煤矿区地下水化学及其控制因素分析---以宿县矿区主要突水含水层为例[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(4):996-1004.[CHEN L W,XU D Q,YIN X X,et al.Analysis on hydrochemistry and its control factors in the concealed coal mining area in North China:A case study of dominant inrush aquifers in Suxian mining area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(4):996-1004.(in Chinese)]
[16]许春耕.淮南煤田水文地质单元划分[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2015.[XU C G.Division of hydrogeological units in Huainan coalfield[D].Huainan:Anhui University of Science and technology,2015.(in Chinese)]
[17]张人权,梁杏.水文地质学基础[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.[ZHANG R Q,LIANG X.Fundamentals of hydrogeology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2011.(in Chinese)]