鄱阳湖流域多尺度C、N输送通量及其水质参数变化特征
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摘要
本文选取鄱阳湖流域内从初级支流到最大干流再到湖区(香溪→架竹河→赣江→鄱阳湖)这一联通水系线路为研究对象,通过对丰水期和枯水期内各级河流对应流域及鄱阳湖湖区内水体中的各形态C、N浓度进行监测,计算各级河流间C、N元素运移通量,探讨鄱阳湖流域水体C、N迁移过程机制和水质参数变化特征,为鄱阳湖流域生态系统的综合健康管理提供科学依据.结果表明:(1)鄱阳湖通江流域的C、N浓度呈明显季节变化,其中TIC、TOC、TC浓度丰水期较高,而NO_3~--N和DTN浓度枯水期较高.丰水期TC增加的主要原因是TIC增加,丰水期TN主要以非溶解态存在,而枯水期TN主要以DTN中的NO_3~--N形式存在.(2)鄱阳湖通江流域的C、N输出通量呈明显季节变化,其中香溪各形态C丰水期通量较枯水期小,架竹河、赣江各形态C丰水期通量较枯水期大,香溪、架竹河、赣江流域各形态N在丰水期通量大多较枯水期小,各形态C、N通量与径流量在99%的置信水平上呈极显著正相关关系.(3)鄱阳湖流域水体参数丰水期COND、TDS、pH小于枯水期,丰水期ORP大于枯水期.
In this study,a connected waterflow watershed system in the Poyang Lake area was selected as the study site,which ranged from the primary tributary to the lake area(Xiangxi River→Jiazhu River→Ganjiang River→Poyang Lake). The aims of the study were to monitor different forms of C and N and evaluate the transport flux of C and N,and then,the transport mechanisms of C and N and the variation characteristics of water quality parameters in Poyang Lake were discussed,with the intent of providing a scientific basis for the comprehensive management of watershed health within the Poyang Lake Basin ecosystem. The main results were as follows. (1) The concentrations of C and N in the Poyang Lake watershed exhibited significant seasonal changes,wherein the TIC,TOC,and TC concentrations in the Poyang Lake Basin were higher in the wet season than those in the dry season,and the NO_3~--N and DTN concentrations were higher in the dry season than those in the wet season. The main reason for the increase of TC in the wet season was the increase of TIC. Most of the TN in the wet season was transported by non-dissolved forms of N,while the TN in the dry period mostly was transported by DTN,and the DTN was mostly in the form of NO_3~--N. (2) The C and N transport fluxes in the Poyang Lake watershed also showed significant seasonal variation. The C transport flux of Xiangxi River was lower during the wet season than that during the dry season,and the C transport flux of Jiazhu River and Ganjiang River was higher during the wet season than that during the dry season. The various forms of N transport flux in Xiangxi River,Jiazhu River,and Ganjiang River watershed were higher in the wet season than those in the dry season. There was a very significant positive correlation between the flux and runoff at the 99% confidence level. (3) The COND,TDS,and pH in the Poyang Lake watershed were lower during the wet season than those during the dry season,while the ORP in the wet season was higher than that in the dry season.
In this study,a connected waterflow watershed system in the Poyang Lake area was selected as the study site,which ranged from the primary tributary to the lake area(Xiangxi River→Jiazhu River→Ganjiang River→Poyang Lake). The aims of the study were to monitor different forms of C and N and evaluate the transport flux of C and N,and then,the transport mechanisms of C and N and the variation characteristics of water quality parameters in Poyang Lake were discussed,with the intent of providing a scientific basis for the comprehensive management of watershed health within the Poyang Lake Basin ecosystem. The main results were as follows. (1) The concentrations of C and N in the Poyang Lake watershed exhibited significant seasonal changes,wherein the TIC,TOC,and TC concentrations in the Poyang Lake Basin were higher in the wet season than those in the dry season,and the NO_3~--N and DTN concentrations were higher in the dry season than those in the wet season. The main reason for the increase of TC in the wet season was the increase of TIC. Most of the TN in the wet season was transported by non-dissolved forms of N,while the TN in the dry period mostly was transported by DTN,and the DTN was mostly in the form of NO_3~--N. (2) The C and N transport fluxes in the Poyang Lake watershed also showed significant seasonal variation. The C transport flux of Xiangxi River was lower during the wet season than that during the dry season,and the C transport flux of Jiazhu River and Ganjiang River was higher during the wet season than that during the dry season. The various forms of N transport flux in Xiangxi River,Jiazhu River,and Ganjiang River watershed were higher in the wet season than those in the dry season. There was a very significant positive correlation between the flux and runoff at the 99% confidence level. (3) The COND,TDS,and pH in the Poyang Lake watershed were lower during the wet season than those during the dry season,while the ORP in the wet season was higher than that in the dry season.
引文
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[2] Welsh D T,Bourguès S,de Wit R,et al. Effect of plant photosynthesis, carbon sources and ammonium availability on nitrogen fixation rates in the rhizosphere of Zostera noltii[J].Aquatic Microbial Ecology,1997,12(3):285-290.
[3]高扬,于贵瑞.流域生物地球化学循环与水文耦合过程及其调控机制[J].地理学报,2018,73(7):1381-1393.Gao Y, Yu G R. Biogeochemical cycle and its hydrological coupling processes and associative controlling mechanism in a watershed[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2018,73(7):1381-1393.
[4] Sterner R W,Elser J J. Ecological stoichiometry:the biology of elements from molecules to the biosphere[M]. Princeton,NJ,USA:Princeton University Press,2002.
[5] Manzoni S,Porporato A. Common hydrologic and biogeochemical controls along the soil-stream continuum[J]. Hydrological Processes,2011,25(8):1355-1360.
[6]刘婷婷.嘉陵江水体中碳、氮、磷季节变化及其输出[D].重庆:西南大学,2009.Liu T T. Seasonal variation and output of C、N、P in Jialing river[D]. Chongqing:Southwest University,2009.
[7]高常军.流域土地利用对苕溪水体C、N、P输出的影响[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2013.Gao C J. Influences of watershed land use on C,N,P export in Tiaoxi streams,Zhejiang province,China[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2013.
[8] Aitkenhead-Peterson J A,Steele M K. Dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations and exports upstream and downstream of the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolis,Texas,USA[J]. Marine and Freshwater Research,2016,67(9):1326-1337.
[9] Guo H,Hu Q,Zhang Q,et al. Effects of the three gorges dam on Yangtze River flow and river interaction with Poyang Lake,China:2003-2008[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2012,416-417:19-27.
[10] Liu J Z, Zhu A X, Duan Z. Evaluation of TRMM 3B42precipitation product using rain gauge data in Meichuan Watershed,Poyang Lake Basin,China[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology,2012,3(4):359-367.
[11] Ogrinc N,Markovics R,Kandu? T,et al. Sources and transport of carbon and nitrogen in the River Sava watershed,a major tributary of the River Danube[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2008,23(12):3685-3698.
[12]张影,谢余初,齐姗姗,等.基于InVEST模型的甘肃白龙江流域生态系统碳储量及空间格局特征[J].资源科学,2016,38(8):1585-1593.Zhang Y,Xie Y C,Qi S S,et al. Carbon storage and spatial distribution characteristics in the Bailongjiang Watershed in Gansu based on InVEST model[J]. Resources Science,2016,38(8):1585-1593.
[13]范志伟,郝庆菊,黄哲,等.三峡库区水体中可溶性C、N变化及影响因素[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):129-137.Fan Z W,Hao Q J,Huang Z,et al. Change and influencing factors of dissolved carbon and dissolved nitrogen in water of the three gorges reservoir[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(1):129-137.
[14] Zhang C,Liu G B,Xue S,et al. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen storage as affected by land use in a small watershed of the Loess Plateau,China[J]. European Journal of Soil Biology,2013,54:16-24.
[15] Gelaw A M,Singh B R,Lal R. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks under different land uses in a semi-arid watershed in Tigray,Northern Ethiopia[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2014,188:256-263.
[16]王凯博,上官周平.黄土丘陵区燕沟流域典型植物叶片C、N、P化学计量特征季节变化[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):4985-4991.Wang K B,Shangguan Z P. Seasonal variations in leaf C,N,and P stoichiometry of typical plants in the Yangou watershed in the loess hilly gully region[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(17):4985-4991.
[17]韩琳,李征,曾艳,等.太湖流域河岸带不同土地利用下草本植物叶片和土壤C、N、P化学计量特征[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(12):3281-3288.Han L,Li Z,Zeng Y,et al. Carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorous stoichiometry of herbaceous plant leaf and soil in riparian zone of Taihu Lake basin,East China under effects of different land use types[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,32(12):3281-3288.
[18]郑艳明,尧波,吴琴,等.鄱阳湖湿地两种优势植物叶片C、N、P动态特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(20):6488-6496.Zheng Y M,Yao B,Wu Q,et al. Dynamics of leaf carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus of two dominant species in a Poyang Lake wetland[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(20):6488-6496.
[19]金腊华,李明玉,黄报远.鄱阳湖洪灾特征与圩区还湖减灾运用方式研究[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(4):74-77.Jin L H,Li M Y,Huang B Y. Research on flood disaster characteristics and embankment utilization in flood detentions for diminishing disasters in Poyang Lake[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2002,11(4):74-77.
[20]王苏民,窦鸿身,陈克造.中国湖泊志[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[21]王杰,王保畲,罗正齐.长江大辞典[M].武汉:武汉出版社,1997.
[22]杜彦良,周怀东,彭文启,等.近10年流域江湖关系变化作用下鄱阳湖水动力及水质特征模拟[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(5):1274-1284.Du Y L,Zhou H D,Peng W Q,et al. Modeling the impacts of the change of river-lake relationship on the hydrodynamic and water quality revolution in Poyang Lake[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2015,35(5):1274-1284.
[23]万荣荣,杨桂山,王晓龙,等.长江中游通江湖泊江湖关系研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(1):1-8.Wan R R,Yang G S,Wang X L,et al. Progress of research on the relationship between the Yangtze River and its connected lakes in the middle reaches[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(1):1-8.
[24]刘剑宇,张强,孙鹏,等.鄱阳湖最小生态需水研究[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2014,53(4):149-153.Liu J Y,Zhang Q,Sun P,et al. Minimum ecological water requirements of the Poyang Lake[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2014,53(4):149-153.
[25] Feng L,Hu C M,Chen X L,et al. Assessment of inundation changes of Poyang Lake using MODIS observations between 2000and 2010[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2012,121:80-92.
[26] Hu Q,Feng S,Guo H,et al. Interactions of the Yangtze River flow and hydrologic processes of the Poyang Lake,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2007,347(1-2):90-100.
[27]徐德龙,熊明,张晶.鄱阳湖水文特性分析[J].人民长江,2011,32(2):21-22,27.
[28] Hao Z,Gao Y,Yang T T,et al. Atmospheric wet deposition of nitrogen in a subtropical watershed in China:characteristics of and impacts on surface water quality[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2017,24(9):8489-8503.
[29]蒋锐,朱波,唐家良,等.紫色丘陵区典型小流域暴雨径流氮磷迁移过程与通量[J].水利学报,2009,40(6):659-666.
[30]许其功,刘鸿亮,沈珍瑶,等.三峡库区典型小流域氮磷流失特征[J].环境科学学报,2007,27(2):326-331.Xu Q G,Liu H L,Shen Z Y,et al. Characteristics on nitrogen and phosphorus losses in the typical small watershed of the Three Georges Reservoir area[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2007,27(2):326-331.
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