微润灌溉系统在云南红壤土中主要工作性能研究
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摘要
【目的】探究微润灌溉系统的主要工作性能,为该灌溉系统在云南红壤土中的使用提供理论依据。【方法】针对云南红壤土,通过测定土壤剖面含水率,开展了灌水压力和灌水器埋深对土壤水分分布规律影响试验;根据作物正常生长所需要的土壤含水率下限,进行了微润灌溉系统浸润宽度以及微润管各种植位置上作物的生长试验研究。【结果】灌水压力、微润管埋深和灌溉时长对单位微润管出流量有显著影响(P<0.05)。经微润管渗出的灌溉水在红壤土中形成的湿润体剖面近似为椭圆形,其剖面面积随灌水压力和埋深的增加而增大。不同灌溉时长条件下,红壤土中的微润管不同位置处浸润宽度呈现"中段大、两端小"的趋势,中段处的浸润宽度比两端处增大15.0%~33.6%;微润灌溉系统工作2周后,浸润宽度趋于稳定,浸润宽度范围平均值为0.92~1.18 m,在作物生长试验中,采集线上4种作物的株高、茎粗、鲜质量和干质量均呈现"中段大、两端小"的趋势。【结论】在0.025 MPa灌溉压力和0.15 m灌水器埋深条件下,作物的种植位置越靠近微润管,其长势越好。
【Objective】Research the main performances of moistube-irrigation system and provide the theoretical basis for moistube-irrigation technology in Yunnan red loam.【Method】Aimed at the Yunnan red loam, the effects of the irrigation pressure and the depth of moistube on soil moisture distribution and the wetting width of micro-irrigation system, which according to the lower limit of soil moisture content required for normal growth of crops, were studied and the growth of crops in different planting locations and acquisition lines were researched.【Result】There was a very significant interaction between the irrigation pressure and depth for flow(P<0.05).Wetted body was formed in the red loam and its cross-section was approximately oval when the irrigation water discharged through the moistube. The cross-section area enlarged with the increase of irrigation pressure and depth. Under the condition of different irrigation times, the width of infiltration at different positions of moistube showed the trend of "larger in the middle and smaller on both ends", which was raised by 15.0%~33.6% in the middle section than those on both ends; After two weeks operation, the width of infiltration of moistube-irrigation system was tended to stabilize, and the average value of it ranged from 0.92 to 1.18 m. In crop growth test, the trend of crops' height, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of four kinds of crops showed the trend of "larger in the middle and smaller on both ends"on different acquisition lines. These results were in agreement with the result of the infiltration width test.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of 0.025 MPa irrigation pressure and the depth of 0.15 m, the closer the planting position of the crops, the better the growth of the crops.
【Objective】Research the main performances of moistube-irrigation system and provide the theoretical basis for moistube-irrigation technology in Yunnan red loam.【Method】Aimed at the Yunnan red loam, the effects of the irrigation pressure and the depth of moistube on soil moisture distribution and the wetting width of micro-irrigation system, which according to the lower limit of soil moisture content required for normal growth of crops, were studied and the growth of crops in different planting locations and acquisition lines were researched.【Result】There was a very significant interaction between the irrigation pressure and depth for flow(P<0.05).Wetted body was formed in the red loam and its cross-section was approximately oval when the irrigation water discharged through the moistube. The cross-section area enlarged with the increase of irrigation pressure and depth. Under the condition of different irrigation times, the width of infiltration at different positions of moistube showed the trend of "larger in the middle and smaller on both ends", which was raised by 15.0%~33.6% in the middle section than those on both ends; After two weeks operation, the width of infiltration of moistube-irrigation system was tended to stabilize, and the average value of it ranged from 0.92 to 1.18 m. In crop growth test, the trend of crops' height, stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of four kinds of crops showed the trend of "larger in the middle and smaller on both ends"on different acquisition lines. These results were in agreement with the result of the infiltration width test.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of 0.025 MPa irrigation pressure and the depth of 0.15 m, the closer the planting position of the crops, the better the growth of the crops.
引文
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[12]汤英,杜历,杨维仁,等.果树微润灌溉条件下土壤水分变化特征试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2014(4):27-30,34.
[13]余杨,杨振杰,张建生,等.不同根部微灌水器对云南红壤和黄沙土水分分布的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(19):84-90.
[14]张子卓,张珂萌,牛文全,等.微润带埋深对番茄生长和土壤水分动态的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):122-129.
[15]吕望,牛文全,古君,等.微润管埋深与密度对日光温室番茄产量及品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(12):1 163-1 173.
[2]薛万来,牛文全,罗春艳,等.微润灌溉土壤湿润体运移模型研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(4):50-54.
[3]张俊,牛文全,张琳琳,等.初始含水率对微润灌溉线源入渗特征的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014,32(1):72-79.
[4]杨小振,张显,马建祥,等.滴灌施肥对大棚西瓜生长、产量及品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(7):109-110.
[5]刘志刚,王纪章,徐云峰,等.不同灌溉方式下生菜根系生长模型研究[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(4):284-288.
[6]田义,张玉龙,虞娜,等.PVC管地下滴灌系统在温室番茄灌溉中的应用研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(3):180-183.
[7]祁世磊,谢香文,邱秀云,等.低压微润带出流与入渗试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(2):90-93.
[8]张俊,牛文全,张琳琳,等.微润灌溉线源入渗湿润体特性试验研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):32-38.
[9]牛文全,薛万来.矿化度对微润管土壤入渗特性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(4):163-172.
[10]张立坤,窦超银,李光永,等.微润灌溉技术在大棚娃娃菜种植中的应用[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(4):53-56.
[11]魏镇华,陈庚,徐淑君,等.交替控水下微润灌溉对番茄耗水和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(4/5):139-143.
[12]汤英,杜历,杨维仁,等.果树微润灌溉条件下土壤水分变化特征试验研究[J].节水灌溉,2014(4):27-30,34.
[13]余杨,杨振杰,张建生,等.不同根部微灌水器对云南红壤和黄沙土水分分布的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(19):84-90.
[14]张子卓,张珂萌,牛文全,等.微润带埋深对番茄生长和土壤水分动态的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):122-129.
[15]吕望,牛文全,古君,等.微润管埋深与密度对日光温室番茄产量及品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(12):1 163-1 173.