中国西南喀斯特坡地水土流失/漏失过程与机理研究进展
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摘要
西南喀斯特区坡耕地特殊的地表、地下双层空间结构,使得岩溶区的土壤侵蚀过程具有特殊性和复杂性,并产生了一系列特殊的环境地质问题,如水土流失、旱涝、石漠化等。开展喀斯特坡地水土流失/漏失研究,主要是揭示喀斯特坡地水土流失/漏失过程及驱动机制,为喀斯特石漠化的综合治理及其石漠化生态恢复提供理论依据和技术支撑。同时,系统论述了我国西南喀斯特坡地地表侵蚀和地下漏失过程与机理的最新研究进展,其中地表侵蚀过程与机理都进行了定性和定量化的研究,而地下漏失过程与机理则处于定性描述和室内模拟探索阶段;喀斯特坡地有关的模拟和野外观测研究均表明,喀斯特坡地的土壤侵蚀方式是一个从地下漏失到地表侵蚀的转变过程,即小雨时以漏失为主,而暴雨时则以二者并重甚至以地表流失为主;此外,还深入分析了喀斯特区坡地水土流失阻控的研究动态及研究不足,并指出该区水土漏失过程与机制在未来的研究方向和发展趋势。
Cultivated l and in Southwest Karst Area is characterized by a special double space structure with surface and underground,which cause particularity and complexity in soil erosion process in those areas, and produce a series of special environmental geological problems,such as soil erosion,drought and desertification.Aims of studies on the process and the driving forces of soil loss or leakage on karst slope l and is to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the comprehensive controlling and ecological restoration of rocky desertification.Meanwhile,this paper had summarized the latest research progress on surface erosion and underground leakage loss mechanism in the karst slope of Southwest in China.So far,the process and mechanism of surface erosion have conducted qualitative,whereas the studies of underground leakage loss were in qualitative description and indoor simulation exploration stage.Simulations and field observations on karst slope l and s showed that soil erosion type on karst slope farml and was a process of transition from underground leakage to surface erosion.That was,the soil loss type was dominated by underground leakage when small rainfall occured, and the surface erosion and underground leakage loss was equal even the surface erosion was higher than the underground soil loss at heavy or storm rain conditions.Alternatively,analyzed deeply the research and development of soil and water loss control in Karst areas, and pointed out the future development of soil and water loss.
Cultivated l and in Southwest Karst Area is characterized by a special double space structure with surface and underground,which cause particularity and complexity in soil erosion process in those areas, and produce a series of special environmental geological problems,such as soil erosion,drought and desertification.Aims of studies on the process and the driving forces of soil loss or leakage on karst slope l and is to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the comprehensive controlling and ecological restoration of rocky desertification.Meanwhile,this paper had summarized the latest research progress on surface erosion and underground leakage loss mechanism in the karst slope of Southwest in China.So far,the process and mechanism of surface erosion have conducted qualitative,whereas the studies of underground leakage loss were in qualitative description and indoor simulation exploration stage.Simulations and field observations on karst slope l and s showed that soil erosion type on karst slope farml and was a process of transition from underground leakage to surface erosion.That was,the soil loss type was dominated by underground leakage when small rainfall occured, and the surface erosion and underground leakage loss was equal even the surface erosion was higher than the underground soil loss at heavy or storm rain conditions.Alternatively,analyzed deeply the research and development of soil and water loss control in Karst areas, and pointed out the future development of soil and water loss.
引文
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