典型岩溶区不同水土流失强度区石漠化特征分析
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摘要
为研究岩溶区水土流失与石漠化的耦合关系特征,以典型岩溶区——贵州省镇宁县为研究对象,以研究区2015年ZY-3遥感影像为基础,按照《岩溶地区水土流失综合治理技术标准》(SL 461—2009)和《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》(SL 190—2007)中石漠化和水土流失等级划分标准,解译出研究区水土流失和石漠化强度分布图,并进行空间叠置分析,研究不同等级水土流失区的石漠化现状。结果表明:研究区水土流失与石漠化发生率及强弱有较大耦合关系,非水土流失区石漠化发生率比水土流失区高10.92百分点,低等级水土流失区石漠化发生率比高等级水土流失区高15.45百分点,非水土流失区比水土流失区石漠化更严重,低等级水土流失区各等级石漠化发生率均大于高等级水土流失区,并非水土流失强度越高的地区石漠化越严重,岩溶区发生水土流失的区域与发生石漠化的区域并不是完全重叠,水土流失与石漠化治理应各有侧重。
In order to study the characteristic of coupling relationship between soil and water loss and rocky desertification of karst area,the paper interpreted the distribution map of soil and water loss and rocky desertification degree of the studied area,made spatial overlay analysis and studied the present status of rocky desertification in different levels of soil and water loss areas by taking Zhenning County,a typical karst area in Guizhou Province as the research object,based on ZY-3 remote sensing images of the area in 2015 and according to the standards of Techniques Standard for Comprehensive Control of Soil Erosion and Water Loss in Karst Area( SL 461-2009) and Classification Standard of Soil Erosion( SL 190-2007). The outcomes show that soil and water loss of the studied area has a greater relationship with the occurrence rate and degree of rocky desertification. The occurrence rate of rocky desertification in non-soil erosion area is 10.92 percentage points higher than that of in soil erosion area. The occurrence rate of rocky desertification in low-grade soil erosion area is 15.45 percentage points greater than that of in high-grade area. The rocky desertification in non-soil erosion area is more serious than that of the soil erosion area. The occurrence rate of each grade in low-grade soil and water loss area is greater than that of high-grade soil and water loss area. It is not the situation that the greater intensity of soil and water loss is,the more serious rocky desertification will be. The soil and water loss area and rocky desertification area in the karst region are not completely overlapped. Therefore,the controls of soil and water loss and rocky desertification should have its own emphasis.
In order to study the characteristic of coupling relationship between soil and water loss and rocky desertification of karst area,the paper interpreted the distribution map of soil and water loss and rocky desertification degree of the studied area,made spatial overlay analysis and studied the present status of rocky desertification in different levels of soil and water loss areas by taking Zhenning County,a typical karst area in Guizhou Province as the research object,based on ZY-3 remote sensing images of the area in 2015 and according to the standards of Techniques Standard for Comprehensive Control of Soil Erosion and Water Loss in Karst Area( SL 461-2009) and Classification Standard of Soil Erosion( SL 190-2007). The outcomes show that soil and water loss of the studied area has a greater relationship with the occurrence rate and degree of rocky desertification. The occurrence rate of rocky desertification in non-soil erosion area is 10.92 percentage points higher than that of in soil erosion area. The occurrence rate of rocky desertification in low-grade soil erosion area is 15.45 percentage points greater than that of in high-grade area. The rocky desertification in non-soil erosion area is more serious than that of the soil erosion area. The occurrence rate of each grade in low-grade soil and water loss area is greater than that of high-grade soil and water loss area. It is not the situation that the greater intensity of soil and water loss is,the more serious rocky desertification will be. The soil and water loss area and rocky desertification area in the karst region are not completely overlapped. Therefore,the controls of soil and water loss and rocky desertification should have its own emphasis.
引文
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[15]熊康宁,黎平,周忠发,等.喀斯特石漠化的遥感-GIS典型研究——以贵州省为例[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:23-24.
[2] SWEETING M M. Karst in China:Its Geomorphology and Environment[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1995:1-3.
[3] FERLAN M,ALBERTI G,ELER K,et al. Comparing carbon fluxes between different stages of secondary succession of a karst grassland[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2011,140(1-2):199-207.
[4]熊康宁,李晋,龙明忠.典型喀斯特石漠化治理区水土流失特征与关键问题[J].地理学报,2012,67(7):878-888.
[5]蒋忠诚,罗为群,邓艳,等.岩溶峰丛洼地水土漏失及防治研究[J].地球学报,2014,35(5):535-542.
[6]钱广强,董治宝.大气降尘收集方法及相关问题研究[J].中国沙漠,2004,24(6):779-82.
[7]ZENG C,WANG S J,BAI X Y,et al.Soil erosion evolution and spatial correlation analysis in a typical karst geomorphology,using RUSLE with GIS[J]. Solid Earth,2017,52(8):721-736.
[8]邓艳,曹建华,蒋忠诚,等.西南岩溶石漠化综合治理水-土-植被关键技术进展与建议[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(5):476-485.
[9]苏维词,杨华,李晴,等.我国西南喀斯特山区土地石漠化成因及防治[J].土壤通报,2006,37(3):446-450.
[10]张信宝,王世杰,白晓永,等.贵州石漠化空间分布与喀斯特地貌、岩性、降水和人口密度的关系[J].地球与环境,2013,41(1):1-6.
[11]王君华,莫伟华,陈燕丽,等.基于3S技术的广西平果县石漠化分布特征及演变规律[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(3):66-70.
[12]曹建华,邓艳,杨慧,等.喀斯特断陷盆地石漠化演变及治理技术与示范[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7103-7108.
[13]吴宇凡.贵州镇宁县布依族传统村落景观空间形态研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016:16-18.
[14]陈起伟,熊康宁,兰安军.基于3S的贵州喀斯特石漠化遥感监测研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(3):62-67.
[15]熊康宁,黎平,周忠发,等.喀斯特石漠化的遥感-GIS典型研究——以贵州省为例[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:23-24.