水电项目水土保持生态效应评价研究
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摘要
水电项目水土保持生态效应评价研究对于科学辨识水土保持措施效果具有重要的意义。首先,构建了水电项目建成后水土保持生态效应评价指标体系,评价指标全面体现水土保持调水效益、保土效益和植被恢复3大核心效益。然后,采用层次分析法、线性加权求和法建立了评价模型,对水布垭水利枢纽水土保持生态效应进行了计算。研究结果表明,采取水土保持措施后的生态效应值为0.608 6,高于采取措施前的0.529 9,水土保持措施对因施工造成的水土流失、生态破坏具有明显的改善作用。林草植被恢复率、土壤流失控制比、水土流失总治理度、林草覆盖率指标是水土保持生态效应的主要影响因子。弃渣场、取料场对水电项目水土保持生态效应影响显著,应与主体工程一样同时治理、同时运行。研究所构建的评价指标体系对水利、水电项目水土保持生态效应评价具有一定的参考价值。
The evaluation of ecological effect from soil and water conservation of hydropower project has an important significance for scientifically distinguishing the effects of the soil and water conservation measures. At first,the index system for evaluation on the ecological effect from the soil and water conservation after the completion of hydropower project is established; from which the three core benefits from the soil and water conservation,i. e. water transfer benefit,soil conserving benefit and vegetation restoration benefit are fully reflected. Afterwards,the ecological effect from the soil and water conservation of Shuibuya Water Control Project is calculated by establishing the evaluation model with the AHP and linear weighted sum method. The study result shows that the value of the ecological effect after the adoption of the soil and water conservation measures is 0. 608 6,which is higher than 0. 529 9 obtained before the adoption of the measures,thus the soil and water conservation measures have obvious improving effects on the water and soil loss and the ecological damages caused by the relevant construction. The recovery rate of vegetation,control ratio of water and soil loss,the total control degree of water and soil loss and the percentage of the forestry and grass coverage are the major factors of the impacts on the ecological effects from soil and water conservation. Meanwhile,the impacts from the spoil yard and borrow area on the ecological effect from soil and water conservation of hydropower project are quite significant,and then they must be simultaneously controlled and operated with the main project. The evaluation index system established in this study has a certain referential value for the evaluation to be made on the ecological effect from the soil and water conservation of water conservancy and hydropower project.
The evaluation of ecological effect from soil and water conservation of hydropower project has an important significance for scientifically distinguishing the effects of the soil and water conservation measures. At first,the index system for evaluation on the ecological effect from the soil and water conservation after the completion of hydropower project is established; from which the three core benefits from the soil and water conservation,i. e. water transfer benefit,soil conserving benefit and vegetation restoration benefit are fully reflected. Afterwards,the ecological effect from the soil and water conservation of Shuibuya Water Control Project is calculated by establishing the evaluation model with the AHP and linear weighted sum method. The study result shows that the value of the ecological effect after the adoption of the soil and water conservation measures is 0. 608 6,which is higher than 0. 529 9 obtained before the adoption of the measures,thus the soil and water conservation measures have obvious improving effects on the water and soil loss and the ecological damages caused by the relevant construction. The recovery rate of vegetation,control ratio of water and soil loss,the total control degree of water and soil loss and the percentage of the forestry and grass coverage are the major factors of the impacts on the ecological effects from soil and water conservation. Meanwhile,the impacts from the spoil yard and borrow area on the ecological effect from soil and water conservation of hydropower project are quite significant,and then they must be simultaneously controlled and operated with the main project. The evaluation index system established in this study has a certain referential value for the evaluation to be made on the ecological effect from the soil and water conservation of water conservancy and hydropower project.
引文
[1]水利部,中国科学院,中国工程院.中国水土流失防治与生态安全(开发建设活动卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
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[7]陈晓安,谢颂华,张幕,等.生产建设项目水土保持综合评价[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(5):286-290.
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[19]白致威,丁剑宏,李加顺,等.小湾电站建设过程中水土流失动态研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2015,35(5):58-63.
[20]苏强平,王利军.南水北调中线京石段应急供水工程水土流失特点及防治对策[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(5):167-170.
[21]郭晓亮,周全,李杰.公路项目水土保持方案编制技术探讨[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(8):66-68,74.
[22]付宇文,廖章志,方启彬,等.水利水电类建设项目在建期水土流失特征分析[J].中国水土保持,2008(3):37-39.
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[24]刘新宪,朱道立.选择与判断—AHP(层次分析法)决策[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,1990.
[25]王晓慧,孙保平.北京市大兴永定河沙地综合治理效益评价[J].水土保持通报,1998,18(6):34-38.
[2]郭索彦,姜德文,赵永军,等.建设项目水土流失现状与综合治理对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):51-56.
[3]刘震.全国水土保持情况普查及成果运用[J].中国水利,2013(7):25-27.
[4]姜德文.开发建设项目水土保持损益分析研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[5]姜德文.运用水土流失影响指数评价主体工程设计及水土保持方案[J].中国水土保持,2010(12):4-6.
[6]王克勤,姜德文,高天天,等.基于层次分析法的生产建设项目水土流失影响综合指数研究[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(3):136-142.
[7]陈晓安,谢颂华,张幕,等.生产建设项目水土保持综合评价[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(5):286-290.
[8]陈杰.生产建设项目水土保持监测与评价研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[9]闫超.输变电类生产建设项目水土流失特点及水土保持综合效益评价研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.
[10]匡星,白明洲,王连俊,等.铁路建设项目对生态环境影响评价体系探析[J].铁道学报,2009,31(2):125-131.
[11]陈传胜,秦广福,刘敬芳.洛河洛阳市区段水土保持工程生态效益价值评估[J].中国农村水利水电,2014(9):100-104.
[12]张璐,解翼阳.南水北调中线工程水土保持林草措施生态服务功能价值研究[J].中国水土保持,2014(4):46-49.
[13]刘胜祥,刘家武,贺占魁,等.水利水电建设工程生态环境质量定量评价体系研究[J].环境科学与技术,2002,25(5):24-26.
[14]陈芳,曾明刚,周智海.山区高速公路绿化生态效益评估[J].公路交通技术,2015(2):139-143.
[15]全海.水土保持生态建设综合效益评价指标体系及核算方法初探[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(3):64-70.
[16]中华人民共和国建设部.开发建设项目水土流失防治标准:GB 50434—2008[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2008.
[17]钮新强.中国水电工程技术创新实践与新挑战[J].人民长江,2015,46(19):13-17.
[18]韩冬,方红卫,严秉忠,等.2013年中国水电发展现状[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(5):1-5.
[19]白致威,丁剑宏,李加顺,等.小湾电站建设过程中水土流失动态研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2015,35(5):58-63.
[20]苏强平,王利军.南水北调中线京石段应急供水工程水土流失特点及防治对策[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(5):167-170.
[21]郭晓亮,周全,李杰.公路项目水土保持方案编制技术探讨[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(8):66-68,74.
[22]付宇文,廖章志,方启彬,等.水利水电类建设项目在建期水土流失特征分析[J].中国水土保持,2008(3):37-39.
[23]北京市水务局.北京市水利建设项目水土保持方案技术导则[R].北京:北京市水务局,2009.
[24]刘新宪,朱道立.选择与判断—AHP(层次分析法)决策[M].上海:上海科学普及出版社,1990.
[25]王晓慧,孙保平.北京市大兴永定河沙地综合治理效益评价[J].水土保持通报,1998,18(6):34-38.