陕西省水土保持措施配比研究
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摘要
陕西省水土保持措施配比是《陕西省水土保持规划》确定全省水土保持措施数量的基础和依据,对于科学制定小流域水土流失综合治理措施配置方案,以及提高水土流失治理成效均有重要的指导意义。笔者在总结近年来陕西省实施水土流失综合治理项目的基础上,选择具有代表性的典型小流域进行实际调查,根据典型小流域已有的水土流失治理面积及措施数量,规划治理面积及措施数量,推算出陕西省已有和规划治理的水土流失措施配比,并分解到陕西省现有的12个市(区)。这一陕西省水土流失治理措施配比指标值,可为下一步市级水土保持规划工作提供依据,也可为国家、省、以及市级政府投资的水土流失综合治理项目的管理提供参考。
[Background]The proportion of measures to conserve soil and water in Shaanxi province is a necessity while determining the quantity of water-and-soil conservation measures in the whole province defined in Regulations of Conserving Soil and Water in Shaanxi province,which has important guiding meanings to scientifically make allocation plans of comprehensively controlling measures for conserving soil and water in small watersheds and for improving the efficiency of soil and water loss control. To conduct researches about the proportion of water-and-soil conservation measures in Shaanxi province and to determine the types and quantities of water-and-soil conservation measures based on local conditions has important realistic meanings in constructing ecological civilization at local regions and promoting the regional economy. [Methods] With the summary of the already implemented comprehensive controlling projects of conserving soil and water in recent years in Shaanxi province,this study chose typical and representative small watersheds to conduct actual investigation regarding different regions based on the regulations of soil and water conservation in Shaanxi province. According to the coverage,types and quantities of measure of the already existed water-and-soil conservation measures at typical small watersheds,as well as the regulated coverage,types and quantities of measures,we calculated the proportions of water-and-soil conservation measures in all regions after actual verifications. [Results]On the basis of the proportions of measures in all regions and using the controlling coverage and weighted mean,the proportion of the already-taken measures in Shaanxi province is that the major six measuressuch as the prime farmland( including terrace, dam land and other water-and-soil conservation measures),arbor forest,shrub forest,economic forest,grass-growing and enclosing treatment take22. 3%,27. 7%,17. 2%,14. 0%,8. 3% and 10. 5% respectively. Among the already controlled water-and-soil loss area of 1 000 km2,there are 35 large dams,125 medium-sized dams,297 small dams,245 km long cut ditches and 9 209 reservoirs. The proportion of regulated measures is that the major six measures such as the terrace,arbor forest,shrub forest,economic forest,grass-growing,and closed treatment take 5. 6%,12. 3%,11. 7%,6. 7%,4. 7% and 59. 0% respectively. In every controlled water-and-soil loss area of 1 000 km2,it needs to build 29 large dams,66 medium-sized dams,255 small dams,354 km long cut ditches and 93 ponds. All these need to be allocated to the current 12 cities( or regions) in Shaanxi province. [Conclusions] The index of the proportion of water-and-soil conservation measures in Shaanxi province may provide a basis for the municipal regulating work of water and soil conservation in future and serve as a reference for the management of comprehensive controlling projects of water and soil loss invested by national,the provincial and the city-level governments.
[Background]The proportion of measures to conserve soil and water in Shaanxi province is a necessity while determining the quantity of water-and-soil conservation measures in the whole province defined in Regulations of Conserving Soil and Water in Shaanxi province,which has important guiding meanings to scientifically make allocation plans of comprehensively controlling measures for conserving soil and water in small watersheds and for improving the efficiency of soil and water loss control. To conduct researches about the proportion of water-and-soil conservation measures in Shaanxi province and to determine the types and quantities of water-and-soil conservation measures based on local conditions has important realistic meanings in constructing ecological civilization at local regions and promoting the regional economy. [Methods] With the summary of the already implemented comprehensive controlling projects of conserving soil and water in recent years in Shaanxi province,this study chose typical and representative small watersheds to conduct actual investigation regarding different regions based on the regulations of soil and water conservation in Shaanxi province. According to the coverage,types and quantities of measure of the already existed water-and-soil conservation measures at typical small watersheds,as well as the regulated coverage,types and quantities of measures,we calculated the proportions of water-and-soil conservation measures in all regions after actual verifications. [Results]On the basis of the proportions of measures in all regions and using the controlling coverage and weighted mean,the proportion of the already-taken measures in Shaanxi province is that the major six measuressuch as the prime farmland( including terrace, dam land and other water-and-soil conservation measures),arbor forest,shrub forest,economic forest,grass-growing and enclosing treatment take22. 3%,27. 7%,17. 2%,14. 0%,8. 3% and 10. 5% respectively. Among the already controlled water-and-soil loss area of 1 000 km2,there are 35 large dams,125 medium-sized dams,297 small dams,245 km long cut ditches and 9 209 reservoirs. The proportion of regulated measures is that the major six measures such as the terrace,arbor forest,shrub forest,economic forest,grass-growing,and closed treatment take 5. 6%,12. 3%,11. 7%,6. 7%,4. 7% and 59. 0% respectively. In every controlled water-and-soil loss area of 1 000 km2,it needs to build 29 large dams,66 medium-sized dams,255 small dams,354 km long cut ditches and 93 ponds. All these need to be allocated to the current 12 cities( or regions) in Shaanxi province. [Conclusions] The index of the proportion of water-and-soil conservation measures in Shaanxi province may provide a basis for the municipal regulating work of water and soil conservation in future and serve as a reference for the management of comprehensive controlling projects of water and soil loss invested by national,the provincial and the city-level governments.
引文
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[13]汤国安,杨昕.Arc GIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:277.TANG Guo'an,YANG Xin.Arc GIS spatial analysis experiment tutorial of GIS[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:277.
[14]邓书斌.Envi遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:134.DENG Shubin.ENVI Remote sensing image processing methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:134.
[15]崔林利.遥感影像解译特征的综合分析与评价[D].北京:中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2005:40.CUI Kinli.Integrative analysis and evaluation of the interpretation features in remote sensing image[D].Beijing:Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005:40.
[2]张玉斌,王昱程,郭晋.水土保持措施适宜性评价的理论与方法初探[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(1):47.ZHANG Yubin,WANG Yucheng,GUO Jin.Primary investigation on the theory and method of the suitability assessment on the soil and water conservation measures[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(1):47.
[3]刘铁辉,徐凌云,袁瀛,等.陕西省水土保持规划(2016—2030年)[EB/OL].(2016-10-27)[2018-02-12].http://www.sxmwr.gov.cn/xg-xxgk-gk-3-4-74323.LIU Tiehui,XU Lingyun,YUAN Ying,et al.Regulations of conserving soil and water in Shaanxi Province(2016-2030)[EB-OL].(2016-10-27)[2018-02-12].http://www.sxmwr.gov.cn/xg-xxgk-gk-3-4-74323.
[4]王治国,张超,王春红.关于我国水土保持顶层设计若干重要关系的思考[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(5):145.WANG Zhiguo,ZHANG Chao,WANG Chunhong.Several thoughts on the important relationships in top-level design of soil and water conservation in China[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,14(5):145.
[5]水利部办公厅.全国水土保持区划(试行)[EB/OL].(2012-11-15)[2018-02-12].http://www.swcc.org.cn/desc.asp?id=42198.General Office of the Ministry of Water Resources.Soil and water conservation regionalization in China[EBOL].(2012-11-15)[2018-02-12].http://www.swcc.org.cn/desc.asp?id=42198.
[6]王治国,张超,孙保平,等.全国水土保持区划概述[J].中国水土保持,2015(12):12.WANG Zhiguo,ZHANG Chao,SUN Baoping,et al.Summary of national water and soil conservation regionalization[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2015(12):12.
[7]王治国,张超,纪强,等.全国水土保持区划及其应用[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(6):101.WANG Zhiguo,ZHANG Chao,JI Qiang,et al.Soil and water conservation regionalization and its application in China[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,14(6):101.
[8]赵岩,王治国,孙保平,等.中国水土保持区划方案初步研究[J].地理学报,2013,68(3):307.ZHAO Yan,WANG Zhiguo,SUN Baoping,et al.Preliminary study on regionalization scheme of soil and water conservation in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(3):307.
[9]侯雷,吴发启,吴秉校,等.陕西省西安市水土保持区划研究[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(1):315.HOU lei,WU Faqi,WU Bingxiao,et al.Research on regionalization of soil and water conversation in Xi’an City,Shaanxi Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(1):315.
[10]余新晓.小流域综合治理的几个理论问题的思考[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(4):22.YU Xiaoxin.Discussions about some theoretical issues of small watershed comprehensive management[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,10(4):22.
[11]张洪江,张长印,赵永军,等.我国小流域综合治理的问题与对策[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(1):131.ZHANG Hongjiang,ZHANG Changyin,ZHAO Yongjun,et al.Issues and countermeasures in the comprehensive management of small watershed in China[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,14(1):131.
[12]张新玉,杨元辉.我国水土保持小流域综合治理模式研究[J].中国水利,2011(12):58.ZHANG Xinyu,YANG Yuanhui.Model research an integrated management of water and soil conservation of small watershed[J].China Water Resources,2011(12):58.
[13]汤国安,杨昕.Arc GIS地理信息系统空间分析实验教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:277.TANG Guo'an,YANG Xin.Arc GIS spatial analysis experiment tutorial of GIS[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:277.
[14]邓书斌.Envi遥感图像处理方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:134.DENG Shubin.ENVI Remote sensing image processing methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:134.
[15]崔林利.遥感影像解译特征的综合分析与评价[D].北京:中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2005:40.CUI Kinli.Integrative analysis and evaluation of the interpretation features in remote sensing image[D].Beijing:Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2005:40.