1980—2015年黑龙江水田旱地转换格局及其水资源效应
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摘要
[目的]通过探讨黑龙江省耕地内部的时空变化规律及耗水净量空间变化趋势,为预测黑龙江省耕地的发展趋势和进一步优化耕地内部结构提供一定的理论基础和依据。[方法]采用GIS分析等地理学分析方法,分析1980—2015年黑龙江省耕地内部水田和旱地变换过程,并结合耕地耗水量计算探讨了黑龙江各县级市耗水量增减变化。[结果]在面积数量变化上,近35年来黑龙江省水田面积总体呈现持续上升的趋势,旱地面积则经历了由增到减的过程。在空间分布变化上,黑龙江省1980—2015年水田和旱地空间变化都经历了由分散到集中的过程,主要变化区域集中于三江平原和松嫩平原。耗水净量方面在三江平原地区一直处于高水平阶段,而松嫩平原地区自2000年后耗水净量增加趋势渐缓。[结论]近20年来,三江平原地区由于水田的急剧扩张致使耗水量急剧增加,水资源日益紧张,松嫩平原发展水田则因为水资源问题受到局限。
By discussing the spatial and temporal variation of the cultivated land in Heilongjiang province and the spatial variation trend of the net water consumption,this study provides a theoretical reference and basis for predicting the development trend of cultivated land in Heilongjiang province and further optimizing the internal structure of cultivated land. It used GIS analysis and other geographic analysis methods to analyze the transformation process of paddy field and dry land in cultivated land of Heilongjiang province from 1980 to 2015. Combined with the calculation of water consumption of cultivated land,the change of water consumption in each county of Heilongjiang province is discussed. The study found that the area of paddy fields in Heilongjiang province had been rising steadily in the past 35 years,and the area of dry land had experienced a process of increasing to decreasing. In the spatial distribution change,the spatial changes of paddy field and dry land in Heilongjiang province from 1980 to 2015 had experienced a process from dispersion to concentration,with the main changes concentrated in the Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain. The net consumption of water had been at a high level in the Sanjiang Plain,while the net consumption of the Songnen Plain had slowed down since 2000. In the past 20 years,due to the rapid expansion of paddy fields in the Sanjiang Plain,water consumption has increased sharply,water resources have become increasingly tense,and the development of paddy fields in the Songnen Plain has been limited by water resources.
By discussing the spatial and temporal variation of the cultivated land in Heilongjiang province and the spatial variation trend of the net water consumption,this study provides a theoretical reference and basis for predicting the development trend of cultivated land in Heilongjiang province and further optimizing the internal structure of cultivated land. It used GIS analysis and other geographic analysis methods to analyze the transformation process of paddy field and dry land in cultivated land of Heilongjiang province from 1980 to 2015. Combined with the calculation of water consumption of cultivated land,the change of water consumption in each county of Heilongjiang province is discussed. The study found that the area of paddy fields in Heilongjiang province had been rising steadily in the past 35 years,and the area of dry land had experienced a process of increasing to decreasing. In the spatial distribution change,the spatial changes of paddy field and dry land in Heilongjiang province from 1980 to 2015 had experienced a process from dispersion to concentration,with the main changes concentrated in the Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain. The net consumption of water had been at a high level in the Sanjiang Plain,while the net consumption of the Songnen Plain had slowed down since 2000. In the past 20 years,due to the rapid expansion of paddy fields in the Sanjiang Plain,water consumption has increased sharply,water resources have become increasingly tense,and the development of paddy fields in the Songnen Plain has been limited by water resources.
引文
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[11]刘纪远,张增祥,徐新良,等.21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析.地理学报.2009(12):1411-1420.
[12]Liu J,Kuang W,Zhang Z,et al.Spatiotemporal characteristics,patterns,and causes of land-use changes in China since the late 1980s.Journal of Geographical Sciences.2014,24(2):195-210.
[13]Cao X,Chen X,Zhang W,et al.Global cultivated land mapping at 30 m spatial resolution.Science China Earth Sciences.2016,59(12):2275-2284.
[14]Xia T,Wu W,Zhou Q,et al.Model-based analysis of spatio-temporal changes in land use in Northeast China.Journal of Geographical Sciences.2016,26(2):171-187.
[15]Portmann F T,Siebert S,D9ll P.MIRCA2000-Global monthly irrigated and rainfed crop areas around the year 2000:A new high-resolution data set for agricultural and hydrological modeling.Global Biogeochemical Cycles.2010,24(GB1011):1-24.
[16]姜秋香,付强,王子龙,等.三江平原水土资源空间匹配格局.自然资源学报,2011,26(2):270-277.
[17]姜秋香.三江平原水土资源承载力评价及其可持续利用动态仿真研究.东北农业大学,2011.
[18]姜宁,付强.基于基尼系数的黑龙江省水资源空间匹配分析.东北农业大学学报,2010,41(5):56-60.
[2]Yao Z,Zhang L,Tang S,et al.The basic characteristics and spatial patterns of global cultivated land change since the 1980s.Journal of Geographical Sciences.2017,27(7):771-785.
[3]冀咏赞,闫慧敏,刘纪远,等.基于MODIS数据的中国耕地高中低产田空间分布格局.地理学报.2015(5):766-778.
[4]龙瀛,金晓斌,李苗裔,等.利用约束性CA重建历史时期耕地空间格局---以江苏省为例.地理研究.2014(12):2239-2250.
[5]李士成,张镱锂,何凡能.过去百年青海和西藏耕地空间格局重建及其时空变化.地理科学进展.2015(2):197-206.
[6]张莉,吴文斌,杨鹏,等.黑龙江省宾县农作物格局时空变化特征分析.中国农业科学.2013(15):3227-3237.
[7]吴文斌,杨鹏,李正国,等.农作物空间格局变化研究进展评述.中国农业资源与区划.2014(1):12-20.
[8]刘珍环,李正国,唐鹏钦,等.近30年中国水稻种植区域与产量时空变化分析.地理学报.2013,68(5):680-693.
[9]Li Z,Liu Z,Anderson W,et al.Chinese rice production area adaptations to climate changes,1949-2010.Environmental Science and Technology.2015,49(4):2032.
[10]高明杰,罗其友.水资源约束地区种植结构优化研究---以华北地区为例.自然资源学报.2008(2):204-210.
[11]刘纪远,张增祥,徐新良,等.21世纪初中国土地利用变化的空间格局与驱动力分析.地理学报.2009(12):1411-1420.
[12]Liu J,Kuang W,Zhang Z,et al.Spatiotemporal characteristics,patterns,and causes of land-use changes in China since the late 1980s.Journal of Geographical Sciences.2014,24(2):195-210.
[13]Cao X,Chen X,Zhang W,et al.Global cultivated land mapping at 30 m spatial resolution.Science China Earth Sciences.2016,59(12):2275-2284.
[14]Xia T,Wu W,Zhou Q,et al.Model-based analysis of spatio-temporal changes in land use in Northeast China.Journal of Geographical Sciences.2016,26(2):171-187.
[15]Portmann F T,Siebert S,D9ll P.MIRCA2000-Global monthly irrigated and rainfed crop areas around the year 2000:A new high-resolution data set for agricultural and hydrological modeling.Global Biogeochemical Cycles.2010,24(GB1011):1-24.
[16]姜秋香,付强,王子龙,等.三江平原水土资源空间匹配格局.自然资源学报,2011,26(2):270-277.
[17]姜秋香.三江平原水土资源承载力评价及其可持续利用动态仿真研究.东北农业大学,2011.
[18]姜宁,付强.基于基尼系数的黑龙江省水资源空间匹配分析.东北农业大学学报,2010,41(5):56-60.