鬼波衰减在深水多次波衰减中的作用
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摘要
深水资料中与海面及海底有关的多次波比较发育,能量很强,几乎完全掩盖深部一次反射波,严重影响地震剖面质量,运用针对性的多次波衰减方法进行衰减后,仍然有较强的剩余能量残留.根据鬼波的形成机理及特点,作者提出了二次鬼波概念,认为二次鬼波的存在影响了多次波的衰减效果,需要对二次鬼波进行针对性的分析.本文在前人研究的基础上推导了二次鬼波走时方程,分析了二次鬼波衰减原理;通过模型与实际数据对比了波动方程预测相减法与去鬼波加波动方程结合衰减多次波效果.提出了深水多次波衰减中鬼波衰减的必要性.
The sea surface and sea bottom related multiple which covers effective reflection wave of deep layer and affects seriously quality of seismic data is very strong in deepwater seismic data. The residual multiple still exists after using targeted multiple attenuation. The author derives the second ghost concept by the mechanism of ghost and thinks the attenuation effect of multiple waves is affected by the second ghost which should be specially attenuated. In this paper,The author derives the second ghost travel-time equation and the principle of the second ghost attenuation is analyzed. The deepwater multiple separately was attenuated by application of the predictive method basing on wave equation and combinations of deghost and predictive method. The author compares effect of the two kinds of method on model and real data and emphasizes the importance of deghost in the multiple attenuation.
The sea surface and sea bottom related multiple which covers effective reflection wave of deep layer and affects seriously quality of seismic data is very strong in deepwater seismic data. The residual multiple still exists after using targeted multiple attenuation. The author derives the second ghost concept by the mechanism of ghost and thinks the attenuation effect of multiple waves is affected by the second ghost which should be specially attenuated. In this paper,The author derives the second ghost travel-time equation and the principle of the second ghost attenuation is analyzed. The deepwater multiple separately was attenuated by application of the predictive method basing on wave equation and combinations of deghost and predictive method. The author compares effect of the two kinds of method on model and real data and emphasizes the importance of deghost in the multiple attenuation.
引文
DING Hong-Bo.2013.Research on the mechanism of ghost and deghosting method for marine seismic data(in Chinese)[Master’s thesis].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China).
FAN Bao-Cang,WU Zhi-Qiang.2013.Combined three-step method for multiple elimination and its application to deep water seismic data processing[J].Marine Geology Frontiers(in Chinese),29(12):58-64.
GUAN Xi-Zhu,CHEN Bao-Shu,FU Li-Yun,et al.2015.The study of a deghosting method of over/under streamer seismic data based on wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(10):3746-3757,doi:10.6038/cjg20151025.
LI Hui-Long,CHENG Yao.2016.The first break attenuation method and application based onτ-p transformation[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality(in Chinese),36(16):69-70.
LIANG Quan-You,HAN Li-Guo,GONG Xiang-Bo.2014.Application of anisotropic radon transform in deep sea seismic multiple wave attenuation[J].Global Geology(in Chinese),33(2):484-487.
PAN Jun,LUAN Xi-Wu,SUN Yun-Bao,et al.2015.The application of SRME in high resolution seismic exploration of shallow sea environment[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(1):429-434,doi:10.6038/pg20150163.
SONG Jian-Guo,GONG Yun-Liang,LI Shan.2015.High-resolution frequency-domain Radon transform and variable-depth streamer data deghosting[J].Applied Geophysics,12(4):564-572.
SONG Jia-Wen,Verschuur D J,CHEN Xiao-Hong.2014.Research status and progress in multiple elimination[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(1):240-247,doi:10.6038/pg20140134.
WANG Chong,GU Han-Ming,XU Zi-Qiang,et al.2016.The application of least-squares inversion iteration algorithm to deghost for marine variable-depth streamer data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(5):1790-1803,doi:10.6038/cjg20160522.
WANG Fang-Fang,LI Jing-Ye,CHEN Xiao-Hong.2013.Deghosting method based on inverse scattering series[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1628-1636,doi:10.6038/cjg20130520.
WANG Ping,Ray S,PENG Can,et al.2013.Premigration deghosting for marine streamer data using a bootstrap approach in tau-p domain[C].//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013.Houston,Texas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,4221-4225.
WANG Zhao-Qi,YANG Xiao-Li,ZHANG Jin-Ling.2016.Research on free-surface-related multiple attenuation of Ocean-bottom cable data by up/down deconvolution[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(6):2415-2420,doi:10.6038/pg20160608.
Wiggins J W.1988.Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiples by wave-equation-based prediction and subtraction[J].Geophysics,53(12):1527-1539.
XIE Song-Lei,LIU Yi-Ke,WANG Yi-Bo,et al.2013.Study of suppression of diffracted multiples from steep slope zones in deep water[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,56(6):833-839.
ZHANG Jun-Hua,MIAO Yan-Shu,ZHENG Xu-Gang,et al.2009.Discussion of several theoretical questions to remove seismic multiples using predictive deconvolution[J].Computing Techniquesfor Geophysical and Geochemical exploration(in Chinese),31(1):6-10.
丁洪波.2013.海上地震资料鬼波机理与消除方法研究[硕士论文].青岛:中国石油大学(华东).
范宝仓,吴志强.2013.三步组合法衰减深水多次波[J].海洋地质前沿,29(12):58-64.
管西竹,陈宝书,符力耘,等.2015.基于波动方程的上下缆地震数据鬼波压制方法研究[J].地球物理学报,58(10):3746-3757,doi:10.6038/cjg20151025.
李慧龙,程耀.2016.基于τ-p变换的初至波衰减方法及应用[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,36(16):69-70.
梁全有,韩立国,巩向博.2014.各向异性Radon变换在深水地震多次波压制中的应用[J].世界地质,33(2):484-487.
潘军,栾锡武,孙运宝,等.2015.SRME技术在海洋浅水高分辨率地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,30(1):429-434,doi:10.6038/pg20150163.
宋家文,Verschuur D J,陈小宏.2014.多次波压制的研究现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,29(1):240-247,doi:10.6038/pg20140134.
王冲,顾汉明,许自强,等.2016.最小二乘反演迭代算法在压制海上变深度缆采集数据虚反射中的应用[J].地球物理学报,59(5):1790-1803,doi:10.6038/cjg20160522.
王芳芳,李景叶,陈小宏.2013.基于逆散射级数法的鬼波压制方法[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1628-1636,doi:10.6038/cjg20130520.
王兆旗,杨晓利,张金陵.2016.上下行波场反褶积衰减OBC表面多次波方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,31(6):2415-2420,doi:10.6038/pg20160608.
张军华,缪彦舒,郑旭刚,等.2009.预测反褶积去多次波几个理论问题探讨[J].物探化探计算技术,31(1):6-10.
FAN Bao-Cang,WU Zhi-Qiang.2013.Combined three-step method for multiple elimination and its application to deep water seismic data processing[J].Marine Geology Frontiers(in Chinese),29(12):58-64.
GUAN Xi-Zhu,CHEN Bao-Shu,FU Li-Yun,et al.2015.The study of a deghosting method of over/under streamer seismic data based on wave equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(10):3746-3757,doi:10.6038/cjg20151025.
LI Hui-Long,CHENG Yao.2016.The first break attenuation method and application based onτ-p transformation[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality(in Chinese),36(16):69-70.
LIANG Quan-You,HAN Li-Guo,GONG Xiang-Bo.2014.Application of anisotropic radon transform in deep sea seismic multiple wave attenuation[J].Global Geology(in Chinese),33(2):484-487.
PAN Jun,LUAN Xi-Wu,SUN Yun-Bao,et al.2015.The application of SRME in high resolution seismic exploration of shallow sea environment[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),30(1):429-434,doi:10.6038/pg20150163.
SONG Jian-Guo,GONG Yun-Liang,LI Shan.2015.High-resolution frequency-domain Radon transform and variable-depth streamer data deghosting[J].Applied Geophysics,12(4):564-572.
SONG Jia-Wen,Verschuur D J,CHEN Xiao-Hong.2014.Research status and progress in multiple elimination[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(1):240-247,doi:10.6038/pg20140134.
WANG Chong,GU Han-Ming,XU Zi-Qiang,et al.2016.The application of least-squares inversion iteration algorithm to deghost for marine variable-depth streamer data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(5):1790-1803,doi:10.6038/cjg20160522.
WANG Fang-Fang,LI Jing-Ye,CHEN Xiao-Hong.2013.Deghosting method based on inverse scattering series[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1628-1636,doi:10.6038/cjg20130520.
WANG Ping,Ray S,PENG Can,et al.2013.Premigration deghosting for marine streamer data using a bootstrap approach in tau-p domain[C].//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013.Houston,Texas:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,4221-4225.
WANG Zhao-Qi,YANG Xiao-Li,ZHANG Jin-Ling.2016.Research on free-surface-related multiple attenuation of Ocean-bottom cable data by up/down deconvolution[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),31(6):2415-2420,doi:10.6038/pg20160608.
Wiggins J W.1988.Attenuation of complex water-bottom multiples by wave-equation-based prediction and subtraction[J].Geophysics,53(12):1527-1539.
XIE Song-Lei,LIU Yi-Ke,WANG Yi-Bo,et al.2013.Study of suppression of diffracted multiples from steep slope zones in deep water[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,56(6):833-839.
ZHANG Jun-Hua,MIAO Yan-Shu,ZHENG Xu-Gang,et al.2009.Discussion of several theoretical questions to remove seismic multiples using predictive deconvolution[J].Computing Techniquesfor Geophysical and Geochemical exploration(in Chinese),31(1):6-10.
丁洪波.2013.海上地震资料鬼波机理与消除方法研究[硕士论文].青岛:中国石油大学(华东).
范宝仓,吴志强.2013.三步组合法衰减深水多次波[J].海洋地质前沿,29(12):58-64.
管西竹,陈宝书,符力耘,等.2015.基于波动方程的上下缆地震数据鬼波压制方法研究[J].地球物理学报,58(10):3746-3757,doi:10.6038/cjg20151025.
李慧龙,程耀.2016.基于τ-p变换的初至波衰减方法及应用[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,36(16):69-70.
梁全有,韩立国,巩向博.2014.各向异性Radon变换在深水地震多次波压制中的应用[J].世界地质,33(2):484-487.
潘军,栾锡武,孙运宝,等.2015.SRME技术在海洋浅水高分辨率地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,30(1):429-434,doi:10.6038/pg20150163.
宋家文,Verschuur D J,陈小宏.2014.多次波压制的研究现状与进展[J].地球物理学进展,29(1):240-247,doi:10.6038/pg20140134.
王冲,顾汉明,许自强,等.2016.最小二乘反演迭代算法在压制海上变深度缆采集数据虚反射中的应用[J].地球物理学报,59(5):1790-1803,doi:10.6038/cjg20160522.
王芳芳,李景叶,陈小宏.2013.基于逆散射级数法的鬼波压制方法[J].地球物理学报,56(5):1628-1636,doi:10.6038/cjg20130520.
王兆旗,杨晓利,张金陵.2016.上下行波场反褶积衰减OBC表面多次波方法研究[J].地球物理学进展,31(6):2415-2420,doi:10.6038/pg20160608.
张军华,缪彦舒,郑旭刚,等.2009.预测反褶积去多次波几个理论问题探讨[J].物探化探计算技术,31(1):6-10.