基于相位替换的高分辨率叠加方法及其应用
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摘要
水平叠加技术是提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率的方法之一.只有当CMP道集同相轴校齐,消除各种时差,才能实现CMP道集中各道真正的同相位叠加,否则地震资料的高频信息会缺失,降低信噪比和分辨率.本文给出一种应用相位替换的处理方法消除CMP道集中的剩余时差,利用消除剩余时差后的CMP道集进行叠加.这种方法的理论基础是地震信号的到达时完全包含在信号的相位谱中,通过改变相位谱可以达到改变信号到达时的目的.综合理论模型和实际资料的数据处理,详细探讨了该方法对提高信噪比和分辨率的效果,结果表明,通过选取合适的参考道,该方法可有效地提高地震资料的信噪比和分辨率且理论上可以消除任何时差.
Horizontal stacking technique is one of the methods to improve the signal to noise ratio and resolution of seismic data.Only by correcting the CMP gathers in phase axis and eliminating all kinds of the moveout,real phase superposition of the each gather from CMP gathers can be achieved,otherwise,high frequency information of seismic data will be deleted,noise ratio and resolution will be reduced.This paper presents an application of the phase replacement process to eliminate the residual moveout of CMP gathers and to use the CMP gathers that have eliminated the residual moveout to superpose them.The theory basis of this method is that seismic signals arrival time could be completely contained in the phase of signal spectrum,by changing the phase spectrum to change the signal arrival time.Comprehensing theoretical model and data processing of the real data,discusses the effect of this method on improving the signal to noise ratio and resolution.The result shows that by choosing suitable reference trace,this method can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data and in theory it can eliminate any moveout.
Horizontal stacking technique is one of the methods to improve the signal to noise ratio and resolution of seismic data.Only by correcting the CMP gathers in phase axis and eliminating all kinds of the moveout,real phase superposition of the each gather from CMP gathers can be achieved,otherwise,high frequency information of seismic data will be deleted,noise ratio and resolution will be reduced.This paper presents an application of the phase replacement process to eliminate the residual moveout of CMP gathers and to use the CMP gathers that have eliminated the residual moveout to superpose them.The theory basis of this method is that seismic signals arrival time could be completely contained in the phase of signal spectrum,by changing the phase spectrum to change the signal arrival time.Comprehensing theoretical model and data processing of the real data,discusses the effect of this method on improving the signal to noise ratio and resolution.The result shows that by choosing suitable reference trace,this method can effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data and in theory it can eliminate any moveout.
引文
Calvert A J.1990.Ray-tracing-based prediction and subtraction of\swater-layer multiples[J].Geophysics,55(4):443-451.
Garotta R,Granger P Y,Gresillaud.2002.About compressional,converted mode and shear statics[C].//Int'1Exposition and72nd Annual Meeting Salt Lake City.Salt Lake City:SEG.
Hale D.1981.An inverse Q-filter[C].//Stanford Exploration\sProject,28:289-298.
Hargreaves N D,Calvert A J.1991.Inverse Q-filtering by Fourier\stransform[J].Geophysics,56(4):519-527.
Huang H D,Feng N,Wang Y C,et al.2014.High-resolution\sseismic processing based on generalized S transform[J].Oil\sGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),49(1):82-88,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2014.01.009.
Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R,et al.1998.The empirical mode\sdecomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and nonstationary time series analysis[C].Proceedings of the Royal\sSociety,903-995.
Li Q Z.1994.The Way to the Precise Exploration--the Engineering\sAnalysis of High Resolution Seismic Exploration System(in\sChinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,202.
Lichman E.1999.Automated Phase-based moveout correction[C].SEG Expanded Abstracts,1150-1153.
Lin B X,Sun J G.2001.Residual moveout correction by using phase\sreplacement[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in\sChinese),40(3):15-22.
Liu Z W,Wang Y C,Zhao H X,et al.2013.High-resolution\sprocessing methods of thin interbeds imaging[J].Progress in\sGeophysics(in Chinese),56(4):1350-1359,doi:10.6038/cjg20130429.
Lu W K,Ding W L,Zhang S W,et al.2005.A high-resolution\sprocessing technique for 3-D seismic data based on signal subspace decomposition[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in\sChinese),48(4):896-901,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.04.023.
Margrave G F,Lamoureux M P,Grossman J P,et al.2002.Gabordeconvolution of seismic data for source waveform and Qcorrection[C].SEG Expanded Abstracts,2190-2193.
Margrave G F,Gibson P C,Grossman J P,et al.2005.The Gabor\stransform,pseudodifferential operators,and seismic deconvolution[J].Integrated Computer Aided Engineering,12(1):43-55.
Margrave G F,Lamoureux M P,Henley D C,et al.2011.Gabor\sdeconvolution:Estimating reflectivity by nonstationary\sdeconvolution of seismic data[J].Geophysics,76(3):W15-W30.
Mou Y G,Chen X H,Li G F,et al.2007.Seismic Data Processing\sMethod(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,278.
Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.2003.The S-transform with windows of\sarbitrary and varying shape[J].Geophysics,68(1):381-385.
Qu S L.1991.Residual moveout correction in AVO analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),26(4):523-528,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.1991.04.012.
Ren X Q.2003.The signal-noise ratio weighted stack by wavelet\sdivision frequency(in Chinese)[Master Degree Thesis].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,1-4.
Schoenberger M.1996.Optimum weighted stack for multiple\ssuppression[J].Geophysics,61(3):891-901.
Sejdi E,Djurovi I,Jiang J.2008.A window width optimized S-transform[J].EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal\sProcessing,2008:672941.
Shang S,Han L G,Hu W,et al.2015.Applied research of\ssynchrosqueezing wavelet transform in seismic spectral\sdecomposition method[J].Geophysical Prospecting for\sPetroleum(in Chinese),54(1):51-55,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2015.01.007.
Stockwell R G,Mansinha L P,Lowe R P.1996.Localization of the\scomplex spectrum:the S transform[J].IEEE Transactions on\sSignal Processing,44(4):998-1001.
Wan H,Fan X Y,Liu T,et al.2012.Methods and applications for\simproving pre-stack seismic data resolution[J].Progress in\sGeophysics(in Chinese),27(1):304-311,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.034.
Wang J.2011.Research and Effect Analysis on High Precision\sVelocity Analysis Methods(in Chinese)[Master Degree\sThesis].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East\sChina),33-36.
Wang J.2012.High resolution seismic processing based on\swhitening of Hilbert spectrum[J].Journal of China Coal\sSociety(in Chinese),37(1):50-54.
Wang K Y,Li H,Guan B,et al.2007.Application of residual\smoveout correction to the improvement of resolution[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute(in Chinese),31(6):14-17.
Wang K Y,Wang Y,Sun J S,et al.2010.Study on time-lapse\sseismic monitoring for the thermal recovery of heavy oil in land\sthin-interbedding reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics(in\sChinese),25(2):585-589,doi:10.3969/j.issn.10042903.2010.02.03.
Wang K Y,Zhou Y,Chen Y Q,et al.2014.Prediction of reservoir\sthickness based on spectral decomposition and seismic multiattribute[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(3):1271-1276,doi:10.6038/pg20140337.
Wang S X,Chen W C,Gao J H.2007.A method for improving the\sresolution of seismic data based on the combination of high order\sAR and seismic wavelet estimation[C].//The Chinese\sGeophysics 23rd Annual Meeting(in Chinese).Beijing:Chinese\sGeophysical Society,109.
Wang Y H.2002.A stable and efficient approach to inverse Qfiltering[J].Geophysics,67(2):657-663.
Wang Y H.2006.Inverse Q-filter for seismic resolution\senhancement[J].Geophysics,71(3):V51-V60.
Wang Y Z,Yang L W,Li S H.2006.Residual moveout correction\sand Poisson's ratio inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in\sChinese),21(3):204-208.
Wu D L.2011.Spectrum-shaping based resolution improvement\sprocessing technology and the analysis on its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),50(1):33-37,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2011.01.005.
Yang P J,Yin X Y,Zhang G Z.2007.Seismic signal time-frequency\sanalysis and attributes extraction based on HHT[J].Progress\sin Geophysics(in Chinese),22(5):1585-1590.
Yang S,Chen H D,Chen A Q,et al.2014.Application of\sadvantage angle stack data to seismic interpretation of\scomplicated fault oil field[J].Journal of Chengdu University of\sTechnology(Science&Technology Edition),41(2):145-151,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2014.02.03.
Yilmaz O.2006.Seimic Data Analysis(in Chinese)[M].Liu H S,Wang K B,Tong S Y,et al,translating.Beijing:Petroleum\sIndustry Press,128-154,186-187.
Yu L,Yuan Z L,Wang Y Z.2007.Application of high resolution\shorizontal stacking method[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum\sInstitute(in Chinese),31(5):24-26.
Yun M H.2009.Seismic resolution is not relative to S/N ratio[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(3):379-383,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2009.03.017.
黄捍东,冯娜,王彦超,等.2014.广义S变换地震高分辨率处理方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,49(1):82-88,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2014.01.009.
李庆忠.1994.走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨地震勘探系统工程剖析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,202.
林伯香,孙建国.2001.相位替换法剩余时差校正[J].石油物探,40(3):15-22.
刘志伟,王彦春,赵会欣,等.2013.薄互层地震成像中高分辨率处理方法[J].地球物理学进展,56(4):1350-1359,doi:10.6038/cjg20130429.
陆凯文,丁文龙,张善文,等.2005.基于信号子空间分解的三维地震资料高分辨率处理方法[J].地球物理学报,48(4):896-901,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.04.023.
牟永光,陈小宏,李国发,等.2007.地震数据处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,278.
曲寿利.1991.AVO分析中的剩余时差校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,26(4):523-528,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.1991.04.012.
任晓乔.2003.小波分频信噪比加权叠加[硕士学位论文].大庆:大庆石油学院,1-4.
尚帅,韩立国,胡玮,等.2015.压缩小波变换地震谱分解方法应用研究[J].石油物探,54(1):51-55,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2015.01.007.
万欢,樊小意,刘涛,等.2012.叠前地震资料提高分辨率处理方法及应用[J].地球物理学进展,27(1):304-311,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.034.
王静.2011.高精度速度分析方法研究及效果分析[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),33-36.
王季.2012.基于Hilbert谱白化的高分辨率地震资料处理[J].煤炭学报,37(1):50-54.
王开燕,李慧,官波,等.2007.相位剩余时差校正方法在提高分辨率中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,31(6):14-17.
王开燕,王妍,孙吉爽,等.2010.陆相薄互层稠油油藏热采时移地震监测研究[J].地球物理学进展,25(2):585-589,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004 2903.2010.02.03.
王开燕,周妍,陈彦奇,等.2014.基于谱分解和地震多属性储层厚度的预测[J].地球物理学进展,29(3):1271-1276,doi:10.6038/pg20140337.
王思秀,陈文超,高静怀.2007.基于高阶累积量的地震子波估计联合AR谱外推提高地震资料分辨率的方法研究[C].//中国地球物理学会第二十三届年会论文集.北京:中国地球物理学会,109.
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于玲,袁子龙,王云专.2007.高分辨率水平叠加方法及应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,31(5):24-26.
云美厚.2009.地震分辨力与信噪比无关[J].石油地球物勘探,44(3):379-383,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2009.03.017.
Garotta R,Granger P Y,Gresillaud.2002.About compressional,converted mode and shear statics[C].//Int'1Exposition and72nd Annual Meeting Salt Lake City.Salt Lake City:SEG.
Hale D.1981.An inverse Q-filter[C].//Stanford Exploration\sProject,28:289-298.
Hargreaves N D,Calvert A J.1991.Inverse Q-filtering by Fourier\stransform[J].Geophysics,56(4):519-527.
Huang H D,Feng N,Wang Y C,et al.2014.High-resolution\sseismic processing based on generalized S transform[J].Oil\sGeophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),49(1):82-88,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2014.01.009.
Huang N E,Shen Z,Long S R,et al.1998.The empirical mode\sdecomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for nonlinear and nonstationary time series analysis[C].Proceedings of the Royal\sSociety,903-995.
Li Q Z.1994.The Way to the Precise Exploration--the Engineering\sAnalysis of High Resolution Seismic Exploration System(in\sChinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,202.
Lichman E.1999.Automated Phase-based moveout correction[C].SEG Expanded Abstracts,1150-1153.
Lin B X,Sun J G.2001.Residual moveout correction by using phase\sreplacement[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in\sChinese),40(3):15-22.
Liu Z W,Wang Y C,Zhao H X,et al.2013.High-resolution\sprocessing methods of thin interbeds imaging[J].Progress in\sGeophysics(in Chinese),56(4):1350-1359,doi:10.6038/cjg20130429.
Lu W K,Ding W L,Zhang S W,et al.2005.A high-resolution\sprocessing technique for 3-D seismic data based on signal subspace decomposition[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in\sChinese),48(4):896-901,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.04.023.
Margrave G F,Lamoureux M P,Grossman J P,et al.2002.Gabordeconvolution of seismic data for source waveform and Qcorrection[C].SEG Expanded Abstracts,2190-2193.
Margrave G F,Gibson P C,Grossman J P,et al.2005.The Gabor\stransform,pseudodifferential operators,and seismic deconvolution[J].Integrated Computer Aided Engineering,12(1):43-55.
Margrave G F,Lamoureux M P,Henley D C,et al.2011.Gabor\sdeconvolution:Estimating reflectivity by nonstationary\sdeconvolution of seismic data[J].Geophysics,76(3):W15-W30.
Mou Y G,Chen X H,Li G F,et al.2007.Seismic Data Processing\sMethod(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,278.
Pinnegar C R,Mansinha L.2003.The S-transform with windows of\sarbitrary and varying shape[J].Geophysics,68(1):381-385.
Qu S L.1991.Residual moveout correction in AVO analysis[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),26(4):523-528,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.1991.04.012.
Ren X Q.2003.The signal-noise ratio weighted stack by wavelet\sdivision frequency(in Chinese)[Master Degree Thesis].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute,1-4.
Schoenberger M.1996.Optimum weighted stack for multiple\ssuppression[J].Geophysics,61(3):891-901.
Sejdi E,Djurovi I,Jiang J.2008.A window width optimized S-transform[J].EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal\sProcessing,2008:672941.
Shang S,Han L G,Hu W,et al.2015.Applied research of\ssynchrosqueezing wavelet transform in seismic spectral\sdecomposition method[J].Geophysical Prospecting for\sPetroleum(in Chinese),54(1):51-55,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2015.01.007.
Stockwell R G,Mansinha L P,Lowe R P.1996.Localization of the\scomplex spectrum:the S transform[J].IEEE Transactions on\sSignal Processing,44(4):998-1001.
Wan H,Fan X Y,Liu T,et al.2012.Methods and applications for\simproving pre-stack seismic data resolution[J].Progress in\sGeophysics(in Chinese),27(1):304-311,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.034.
Wang J.2011.Research and Effect Analysis on High Precision\sVelocity Analysis Methods(in Chinese)[Master Degree\sThesis].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East\sChina),33-36.
Wang J.2012.High resolution seismic processing based on\swhitening of Hilbert spectrum[J].Journal of China Coal\sSociety(in Chinese),37(1):50-54.
Wang K Y,Li H,Guan B,et al.2007.Application of residual\smoveout correction to the improvement of resolution[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute(in Chinese),31(6):14-17.
Wang K Y,Wang Y,Sun J S,et al.2010.Study on time-lapse\sseismic monitoring for the thermal recovery of heavy oil in land\sthin-interbedding reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics(in\sChinese),25(2):585-589,doi:10.3969/j.issn.10042903.2010.02.03.
Wang K Y,Zhou Y,Chen Y Q,et al.2014.Prediction of reservoir\sthickness based on spectral decomposition and seismic multiattribute[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(3):1271-1276,doi:10.6038/pg20140337.
Wang S X,Chen W C,Gao J H.2007.A method for improving the\sresolution of seismic data based on the combination of high order\sAR and seismic wavelet estimation[C].//The Chinese\sGeophysics 23rd Annual Meeting(in Chinese).Beijing:Chinese\sGeophysical Society,109.
Wang Y H.2002.A stable and efficient approach to inverse Qfiltering[J].Geophysics,67(2):657-663.
Wang Y H.2006.Inverse Q-filter for seismic resolution\senhancement[J].Geophysics,71(3):V51-V60.
Wang Y Z,Yang L W,Li S H.2006.Residual moveout correction\sand Poisson's ratio inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics(in\sChinese),21(3):204-208.
Wu D L.2011.Spectrum-shaping based resolution improvement\sprocessing technology and the analysis on its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),50(1):33-37,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2011.01.005.
Yang P J,Yin X Y,Zhang G Z.2007.Seismic signal time-frequency\sanalysis and attributes extraction based on HHT[J].Progress\sin Geophysics(in Chinese),22(5):1585-1590.
Yang S,Chen H D,Chen A Q,et al.2014.Application of\sadvantage angle stack data to seismic interpretation of\scomplicated fault oil field[J].Journal of Chengdu University of\sTechnology(Science&Technology Edition),41(2):145-151,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2014.02.03.
Yilmaz O.2006.Seimic Data Analysis(in Chinese)[M].Liu H S,Wang K B,Tong S Y,et al,translating.Beijing:Petroleum\sIndustry Press,128-154,186-187.
Yu L,Yuan Z L,Wang Y Z.2007.Application of high resolution\shorizontal stacking method[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum\sInstitute(in Chinese),31(5):24-26.
Yun M H.2009.Seismic resolution is not relative to S/N ratio[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(3):379-383,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2009.03.017.
黄捍东,冯娜,王彦超,等.2014.广义S变换地震高分辨率处理方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,49(1):82-88,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.2014.01.009.
李庆忠.1994.走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨地震勘探系统工程剖析[M].北京:石油工业出版社,202.
林伯香,孙建国.2001.相位替换法剩余时差校正[J].石油物探,40(3):15-22.
刘志伟,王彦春,赵会欣,等.2013.薄互层地震成像中高分辨率处理方法[J].地球物理学进展,56(4):1350-1359,doi:10.6038/cjg20130429.
陆凯文,丁文龙,张善文,等.2005.基于信号子空间分解的三维地震资料高分辨率处理方法[J].地球物理学报,48(4):896-901,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0001-5733.2005.04.023.
牟永光,陈小宏,李国发,等.2007.地震数据处理方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,278.
曲寿利.1991.AVO分析中的剩余时差校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,26(4):523-528,doi:10.13810/j.cnki.issn.1000-7210.1991.04.012.
任晓乔.2003.小波分频信噪比加权叠加[硕士学位论文].大庆:大庆石油学院,1-4.
尚帅,韩立国,胡玮,等.2015.压缩小波变换地震谱分解方法应用研究[J].石油物探,54(1):51-55,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2015.01.007.
万欢,樊小意,刘涛,等.2012.叠前地震资料提高分辨率处理方法及应用[J].地球物理学进展,27(1):304-311,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.01.034.
王静.2011.高精度速度分析方法研究及效果分析[硕士学位论文].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),33-36.
王季.2012.基于Hilbert谱白化的高分辨率地震资料处理[J].煤炭学报,37(1):50-54.
王开燕,李慧,官波,等.2007.相位剩余时差校正方法在提高分辨率中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,31(6):14-17.
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